Tsebo ea meralo ea potoloho PCB mokhoa oa ho etsoa

Ts’ebetso ea moralo oa mantlha oa PCB e tjena: boitokisetso ba pele ->; PCB structure design -& GT; Sebopeho sa PCB – & gt; Khoele – & gt; Ntlafatso ea litsela le khatiso ea skrine -> Litekolo tsa marang-rang le DRC le tlhahlobo ea sebopeho -> Plate making.

First: preparation. This includes preparing component libraries and schematics. “To do good work, must first sharpen its device”, to make a good board, in addition to the principle of good design, but also draw well. Pele ho moralo oa PCB, laeborari ea likarolo tsa SCH le merero e lokela ho lokisoa pele. Lilaebrari tsa Peotel li ka sebelisoa, empa ka kakaretso ho thata ho fumana laeborari e loketseng, ho molemo ho iketsetsa laeborari ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e tloaelehileng ea sesebelisoa se khethiloeng. In principle, make PCB component library first, and then SCH component library. Litlhokahalo tsa laebrari ea karolo ea PCB li phahame, e ama ka kotloloho ho kenya boto; Litlhokahalo tsa laeborari ea karolo ea SCH li batla li lokolohile, ha feela ho tsotelloa tlhaloso ea litšobotsi tsa pini le kamano e tsamaellanang le likarolo tsa PCB. PES: Hlokomela lithakhisa tse patiloeng laeboraring e tloaelehileng. Joale ke moralo oa sekema, o ikemiselitseng ho etsa moralo oa PCB.

Ea bobeli: PCB moralo moralo. Mohato ona, ho latela boholo ba boto ea potoloho le boemo ba mochini, boto ea PCB e huleloa tikolohong ea moralo oa PCB, ‘me lihokelo, likonopo / li-switch, masoba a sekoti, masoba a kopano le tse ling li beoa ho latela maemo a boemo. Nahana ka botlalo le ho tseba sebaka sa wiring le sebaka seo e seng sa wiring (joalo ka hore na sekoti se sekoti se potileng sebaka se se nang wiring ke bokae).

Ntlha ea boraro: Moralo oa PCB. Layout is basically putting devices on a board. Mothating ona, haeba mosebetsi oohle oa boitokisetso o boletsoeng kaholimo o etsoa, ​​tafole ea marang-rang e ka hlahisoa setšoantšong sa moralo (Design->; CreateNetlist), ebe o kenya tafole ea marang-rang setšoantšong sa PCB (design-gt; LoadNets). Bona khubu ea sesebelisoa ea qubu eohle, lipakeng tsa lithakhisa le khokahano ea potlako ea fofa. Joale o ka beha sesebelisoa. Sebopeho se akaretsang se etsoa ho latela melao-motheo e latelang:

(1). According to the electrical performance reasonable partition, generally divided into: digital circuit area (that is, afraid of interference, and interference), analog circuit area

(fear of interference), power drive area (interference source);

(2). Complete the same function of the circuit, should be placed as close as possible, and adjust the components to ensure the most simple connection; Ka nako e ts’oanang, fetola maemo a amanang lipakeng tsa li-block tse sebetsang ho etsa hore khokahano lipakeng tsa li-block tse sebetsang e be e hlakileng haholo;

(3). Boemo ba ho kenya le matla a ho kenya li lokela ho tsotelloa bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le boima bo boholo; Karolo ea ho futhumatsa e lokela ho arohanngoa le karolo e hlokolosi ea mocheso, ‘me ha ho hlokahala, ho lokela ho nkuoa mehato ea mocheso oa motlakase.

(4). I/O drive device as close as possible to the edge of the printing plate, close to the outlet connector;

(5). Jenereithara ea nako (joalo ka: oscillator ea kristale kapa oscillator ea nako) e lokela ho ba haufi haholo kamoo ho ka khonehang le sesebelisoa se sebelisang oache;

6. In each integrated circuit between the power input pin and the ground, need to add a decoupling capacitor (generally using high frequency good monolithic capacitor); Tantalum capacitor e ka beoa ho potoloha lipotoloho tse ngata tse kopaneng ha sebaka sa boto ea potoloho se le thata.

Beng bohle ba masimo. Fetisetsa kela ho eketsa diode e tsoang (1N4148 e ka ba);

Kajeno. Litlhokahalo tsa sebopeho li lokela ho ba tse leka-lekaneng, tse teteaneng le tse hlophisehileng, e seng tse boima bo holimo kapa tse boima

– Tlhokomelo e khethehileng e lokela ho fuoa boholo ba eona (sebaka le bophahamo) ba likaroloana le boemo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba likarolo ha li beoa likarolo ho netefatsa ts’ebetso ea motlakase oa boto ea potoloho le ho khoneha le bonolo ba tlhahiso le tlhophiso. Ka nako e ts’oanang, melao-motheo e kaholimo e lokela ho bonts’oa

Tlas’a moralo, fetola ho beoa ha lisebelisoa ka nepo ho li etsa li makhethe ebile li ntle. Mohlala, lisebelisoa tse ts’oanang li lokela ho beoa ka makhethe le nqa e le ‘ngoe, ho fapana le ho “hasoa hohle”. Mohato ona o ama bothata ba sebopeho se kopaneng sa boto le degree e latelang ea wiring, ba batla ho sebelisa boiteko bo boholo ho e nahana. Ha moralo o ka etsa mohala oa pele pele eseng sebaka se tiileng, o ka nahaneloa ka ho lekana.

Ea bone: wiring. Wiring ke ts’ebetso ea bohlokoahali ho moralo oa PCB. Sena se tla ama ka kotloloho ts’ebetso ea boto ea PCB. In the process of PCB design, wiring generally has such three levels of division: the first is the distribution, which is the most basic requirement of PCB design. If the line is not cloth, get everywhere is flying line, it will be a unqualified board, can say that there is no entry. The second is the satisfaction of electrical performance. Ona ke mokhoa oa ho lekanya hore na boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e tšoaneleha. This is after the distribution, carefully adjust the wiring, so that it can achieve the best electrical performance. Joale ho na le botle ba botle. Haeba lesela la hau la wiring le ne le hoketsoe, hape u se ke ua ba le sebaka se amang tšebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, empa sheba hanyane ka ho hloka tšepo, eketsa tse mebala-bala, tse mebala e khanyang, tse lekanyang hore na tšebetso ea sesebelisoa sa hau sa motlakase e ntle joang, e ntse e le lithōle mahlong a batho ba bang. Sena se tlisa tšitiso e kholo ho liteko le tlhokomelo. Wiring e lokela ho ba makhethe hape e tšoane, e se ke ea tšela ntle le melao. Tsena tsohle li lokela ho fihlelleha molemong oa ho netefatsa ts’ebetso ea motlakase le ho fihlela litlhoko tse ling tsa motho ka mong, ho seng joalo ke ho lahla moelelo. Wiring e lokela ho etsoa ho latela melao-motheo e latelang:

(1). Ka kakaretso, thapo ea motlakase le thapo ea mobu e lokela ho tsamaisoa pele ho netefatsa ts’ebetso ea motlakase ea boto ea potoloho. Boemong boo boemo bo bo lumellang, atolosa bophara ba phepelo ea motlakase, terata ea mobu ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho molemo hore terata ea lefats’e e pharalle ho feta mohala oa motlakase, kamano ea bona ke: terata ea mobu> matla a motlakase> mohala oa lets’oao, hangata mola oa bophahamo ke : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, bophara bo tšesaane bo ka fihla ho 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, mohala oa motlakase ke 1.2 ~ 2.5mm ka kakaretso. PCB ea potoloho ea dijithale e ka sebelisoa ka potoloho e nang le batsamaisi ba lefatše ba pharaletseng, ke hore, marang-rang a lefatše. (Sebaka sa analoge se ke ke sa sebelisoa ka tsela ena.)

(2). Pele ho moo, litlhoko tse thata tsa terata (joalo ka mola o phahameng oa maqhubu) bakeng sa wiring, kenyelletso le phallo ea lehlakore e lokela ho qoba ho bapisoa le haufi, hore e se hlahise tšitiso e bonahatsang. When necessary, ground wire should be added to isolate, and the wiring of two adjacent layers should be perpendicular to each other, which is easy to produce parasitic coupling in parallel.

(3). Bolulo ba oscillator bo lokela ho theoa fatše, mme mohala oa oache o lokela ho ba mokhutšoane kamoo ho ka khonehang, mme o seke oa hasana hohle. Ka tlasa potoloho ea “oscillation” ea “oache”, potoloho e ikhethileng e nang le lebelo le phahameng e lokela ho eketsa sebaka sa lefatše, mme e se ke ea ea meleng e meng ea lets’oao, e le hore tšimo ea motlakase e e potileng e fihle ho zero;

(4). Bakeng sa ho fokotsa mahlaseli a lets’oao le phahameng la maqhubu, 45O mola o robehileng o lokela ho sebelisoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho fapana le mola o robehileng oa 90O. (Litlhokahalo tse phahameng tsa mohala li sebelisa arc habeli)

(5). Mohala ofe kapa ofe oa lets’oao ha oa lokela ho theha selopo, haeba o ke ke oa qojoa, lupu e lokela ho ba nyane kamoo ho ka khonehang; Lethathamo la matšoao ka lesoba le lokela ho ba hanyane kamoo ho ka khonehang;

6. Mohala oa senotlolo o lokela ho ba mokhutšoane le o motenya, ka tšireletso mahlakore ka bobeli.

Beng bohle ba masimo. Ha lets’oao le senang lerata la tšimo le fetisoa ka thapo e sephara, mokhoa oa “terata ea mobu – lets’oao la mobu” oa sebelisoa.

Kajeno. Lintlha tsa liteko li lokela ho bolokoa bakeng sa matšoao a bohlokoa ho nolofalletsa liteko tsa tlhahiso le tlhokomelo

Lebitso la phoofolo ea lapeng. Kamora hore wiring ea graph e phethiloe, wiring e lokela ho ntlafatsoa; Ka nako e ts’oanang, kamora hore cheke ea marang-rang le cheke ea DRC e nepahale, terata ea fatše e tlatsitsoe sebakeng seo ntle le wiring, mme sebaka se seholo sa lera la koporo se sebelisoa joalo ka terata ea lefats’e, mme libaka tse sa sebelisoang li hokahane le lefatše joalo ka terata ea fatše holim’a boto e hatisitsoeng. Kapa e etse boto e nang le mekato e mengata, phepelo ea motlakase, mohala oa motheo o mong le o mong o lula ka lera.

– Litlhokahalo tsa ts’ebetso ea wiring ea PCB

(1). moleng oa

Ka kakaretso, bophara ba mola oa mola ke 0.3mm (12mil), ‘me bophara ba mola oa matla ke 0.77mm (30mil) kapa 1.27mm (50mil). Mohala le

Sebaka se pakeng tsa mela le lipakeng tsa mela le mekotla se lokela ho ba seholo ho feta kapa se lekana le 0.33mm (13mil). Ka ts’ebeliso e sebetsang, ho lokela ho nahanoe ho eketsa sebaka ha maemo a lumela; Ha palo ea likhalase e phahame, ho bohlokoa (empa ha ho khothaletsoe) ho sebelisa likhoele tse peli lipakeng tsa lithakhisa tsa IC. Bophara ba lithapo ke 0.254mm (10mil), mme sebaka se pakeng tsa likhoele ha se tlase ho 0.254mm (10mil).

Tlas’a maemo a ikhethileng, ha pini ea sesebelisoa e le motenya ‘me bophara e le moqotetsane, bophara ba mola le sebaka sa mela li ka fokotsoa ka nepo.

(2). PAD (PAD)

Litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa PAD le lesoba la phetoho (VIA) ke: bophara ba PAD bo feta 0.6mm ho feta bophara ba lesoba; Mohlala, li-resistors tsa mofuta oa bokahohle, li-capacitor le lisekete tse kopaneng, li sebelisa boholo ba disk / lesoba 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), socket, pin le diode 1N4007, li sebelisa 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Ts’ebetsong e sebetsang, e lokela ho khethoa ho latela boholo ba likarolo tsa nnete. Haeba maemo a le teng, boholo ba pad bo ka eketsoa ka nepo. Ho buloa ha likarolo tse etselitsoeng board ea PCB ho lokela ho ba kholo ho feta 0.2 ~ 0.4mm ho feta boholo ba lithakhisa.

(3). Ka lesoba (VIA)

Ka kakaretso 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);

Ha palo ea wiring e phahame, boholo ba lesoba bo ka fokotsoa ka nepo, empa eseng bo nyane haholo, bo ka nahana ka 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).

(4). Litlhoko tsa karohano lipakeng, lithapo le masoba

PADandVIA: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

PADandPAD: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

PADandTRACK: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

TRACKandTRACK: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

Ha segokanyipalo se phahame:

PADandVIA: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

PADandPAD: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

PADandTRACK: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

TRACKandTRACK: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

Ea bohlano: ntlafatso ea wiring le khatiso ea skrini. “Ha ho na e ntle ka ho fetisisa, e ntle feela”! Ho sa tsotelehe hore na o etsa boiteko bo bokae morerong, ha o qetile, e shebe hape, mme o ntse o tla ikutloa o ka fetoha haholo. Molao-motheo o akaretsang oa lesela le lecha ke hore ho ts’oaroa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho nka habeli halelele ho feta mohala oa pele. Hang ha u utloa hore ha ho letho le hlokang ho lokisoa, u ka beha koporo. PolygonPlane). Rala koporo ka kakaretso rala terata ea fatše (ela hloko karohano ea analoge le lefats’e la dijithale), boto ea multilayer e kanna ea hloka ho beha matla. Bakeng sa khatiso ea skrine, re lokela ho ela hloko hore re se ke ra thibeloa ke sesebelisoa kapa ra tlosoa ka lesoba le pad. Ka nako e ts’oanang, moralo oa ho tobana le bokaholimo ba karolo, botlaaseng ba lentsoe bo lokela ho sebetsoa ka seipone, hore bo se ke ba ferekanya boemo.

Ea botšelela: tlhahlobo ea marang-rang le DRC le tlhahlobo ea sebopeho. Pele, ka khopolo ea hore moralo o hlophisitsoeng o nepahetse, lifaele tsa marang-rang tse hlahisitsoeng tsa PCB le lifaele tsa marang-rang tse hlophisitsoeng ke NETCHECK bakeng sa kamano ea khokahano ea ‘mele,’ me moralo o ntlafatsoa ka nako ho latela liphetho tsa faele ea tlhahiso ho netefatsa bonnete ba kamano ea wiring mabapi; Kamora hore cheke ea marang-rang e fete ka nepo, cheke ea DRC e tla etsoa morerong oa PCB, ‘me moralo o tla ntlafatsoa ho latela sephetho sa faele e hlahisoang ka nako ho netefatsa ts’ebetso ea motlakase ea wiring ea PCB. Kamora nako, mochini oa ho kenya mochini oa PCB o lokela ho hlahlojoa le ho netefatsoa.

Ea bosupa: ho etsa lipoleiti. Ho molemo ho ba le ts’ebetso ea tlhahlobo pele u etsa joalo.

Moralo oa PCB ke teko ea kelello ea mosebetsi, ea haufi le kelello, boiphihlelo bo phahameng, moralo oa boto o motle. Moralo o lokela ho ba hlokolosi haholo, o nahane ka botlalo ka lintlha tsohle (joalo ka ho thusa ho hlokomela le ho lekola sena batho ba bangata ha ba se nahane), bokhabane, bo tla khona ho rala boto e ntle.