In PCB bolodi kapangidwe, kwa mainjiniya, kapangidwe ka dera ndiye chofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, mainjiniya ambiri amakhala osamala komanso osamala popanga matabwa ovuta komanso ovuta a PCB, pomwe amanyalanyaza mfundo zina zofunika kuziganizira popanga matabwa a PCB, zomwe zimabweretsa zolakwika. Chithunzi chabwino kwambiri chozungulira chikhoza kukhala ndi vuto kapena kusweka kwathunthu chikasinthidwa kukhala PCB. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuthandiza mainjiniya kuti achepetse kusintha kwa mapangidwe ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito pamapangidwe a PCB, zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pakupanga mapangidwe a PCB zaperekedwa apa.

Kutentha kwadongosolo la kutentha mu PCB board

M’mapangidwe a board a PCB, mawonekedwe ozizirira amaphatikiza njira yozizirira ndi kusankha kwa zigawo zoziziritsa, komanso kuganizira za kukulitsa kozizira. Pakalipano, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzirala za bolodi la PCB zikuphatikizapo: kuzirala ndi bolodi la PCB palokha, kuwonjezera ma radiator ndi bolodi loyendetsa kutentha kwa bolodi la PCB, etc.

Pachikhalidwe PCB board, mkuwa / epoxy galasi nsalu gawo gawo lapansi kapena phenolic utomoni galasi nsalu gawo gawo lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso pang’ono pepala mkuwa TACHIMATA mbale, zipangizozi ndi ntchito yabwino magetsi ndi ntchito pokonza, koma madutsidwe matenthedwe osauka. Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa QFP, BGA ndi zida zina zokwera pamwamba pamapangidwe apano a PCB board, kutentha kopangidwa ndi zigawo kumafalikira ku bolodi la PCB mochulukira. Choncho, njira yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kukonza mphamvu ya kutentha kwa gulu la PCB mwachindunji pokhudzana ndi kutentha, ndikuyendetsa kapena kutulutsa kudzera pa bolodi la PCB.

Zolemba pakupanga makina oziziritsira kutentha pa bolodi la PCB

Chithunzi 1: Mapangidwe a bolodi la PCB _ Kapangidwe kachitidwe ka kutentha kwa kutentha

Pamene chiwerengero chochepa cha zigawo zikuluzikulu pa bolodi PCB ndi kutentha kwambiri, kutentha lakuya kapena kutentha conduction chubu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa Kutentha chipangizo cha bolodi PCB; Pamene kutentha sikungathe kuchepetsedwa, radiator yokhala ndi fan ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pakakhala zida zambiri zotenthetsera pa bolodi la PCB, choyatsira chachikulu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. The kutentha lakuya akhoza Integrated pamwamba pa chigawo chimodzi kotero kuti akhoza utakhazikika ndi kulankhula chigawo chilichonse pa bolodi PCB. Makompyuta aukadaulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makanema ndi makanema amafunikiranso kuziziritsidwa ndi kuziziritsa kwamadzi.

Kusankhidwa ndi masanjidwe a zigawo mu PCB board design

Mu PCB bolodi kamangidwe, palibe kukayika kukumana kusankha zigawo zikuluzikulu. Mafotokozedwe a chigawo chilichonse ndi osiyana, ndipo zizindikiro za zigawo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana zingakhale zosiyana ndi zomwezo. Choncho, posankha zigawo zikuluzikulu kwa PCB bolodi kamangidwe, m`pofunika kulankhula ndi katundu kudziwa makhalidwe a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kumvetsa zotsatira za makhalidwe amenewa pa PCB bolodi kamangidwe.

Masiku ano, kusankha kukumbukira koyenera ndikofunikiranso pamapangidwe a PCB. Chifukwa DRAM ndi Flash memory zimasinthidwa pafupipafupi, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa opanga PCB kuti aletse mapangidwe atsopanowo kuti asakhudzidwe ndi msika wamakumbukiro. Opanga PCB akuyenera kuyang’anitsitsa msika wamakumbukiro ndikukhalabe ogwirizana ndi opanga.

Chithunzi 2: Mapangidwe a board a PCB _ Zigawo zowotcha ndi kuyatsa

Kuphatikiza apo, zigawo zina zokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ziyenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo masanjidwe awo amafunikiranso kuganiziridwa mwapadera. Pamene chiwerengero chachikulu cha zigawo zikuluzikulu pamodzi, akhoza kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa mapindikidwe ndi kulekana kwa kuwotcherera kukana wosanjikiza, kapena kuyatsa lonse PCB bolodi. Chifukwa chake opanga ma PCB ndi mainjiniya a masanjidwe ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti awonetsetse kuti zigawo zili ndi masanjidwe oyenera.

Kapangidwe kake kayenera kuganizira kukula kwa bolodi la PCB. Pamene PCB bolodi kukula kwambiri, kusindikizidwa mzere kutalika, impedance ukuwonjezeka, odana phokoso luso amachepetsa, mtengo ukuwonjezeka; Ngati bolodi la PCB ndi laling’ono kwambiri, kutentha kwapakati sikwabwino, ndipo mizere yoyandikana ndiyosavuta kusokonezedwa. Pambuyo kudziwa kukula kwa bolodi PCB, kudziwa malo zigawo zapadera. Pomaliza, malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera, zigawo zonse za dera zimayikidwa.

Testability kapangidwe mu PCB board design

Ukadaulo wofunikira pakuyesa kwa PCB umaphatikizapo kuyeza kuyeserera, kupanga ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa makina oyeserera, kukonza zidziwitso zoyeserera komanso kuzindikira zolakwika. M’malo mwake, kapangidwe ka testability ka board ya PCB ndikuyambitsa njira yoyeserera ku PCB board yomwe imathandizira mayeso.

Kupereka njira yodziwikiratu kuti mupeze zambiri za mayeso amkati a chinthu chomwe chikuyesedwa. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe koyenera komanso kothandiza kachitidwe ka testability ndi chitsimikizo kuti mulingo woyeserera wa bolodi la PCB ukhale bwino. Sinthani khalidwe la mankhwala ndi kudalirika, kuchepetsa mtengo wa mankhwala mkombero moyo, testability kamangidwe luso mosavuta kupeza mayankho a mayeso PCB bolodi, mosavuta kupanga matenda olakwa malinga ndi ndemanga zambiri. Pamapangidwe a board a PCB, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti malo ozindikira komanso njira yolowera ya DFT ndi mitu ina yozindikira sizikhudzidwa.

Ndi miniaturization ya zinthu zamagetsi, phula la zigawo likukhala laling’ono komanso laling’ono, ndipo kachulukidwe kake kakuwonjezeka. Pali ma node ocheperako komanso ocheperako omwe akupezeka kuti ayesedwe, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuyesa msonkhano wa PCB pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake, magetsi ndi thupi komanso makina oyeserera a PCB akuyenera kuganiziridwa bwino popanga bolodi la PCB, ndipo zida zoyenera zamakina ndi zamagetsi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa.

Chithunzi 3: Mapangidwe a board a PCB _ Mapangidwe oyeserera

PCB board board ya chinyezi sensitivity grade MSL

Chithunzi 4: Mapangidwe a board a PCB _ Mulingo wokhudzika ndi chinyezi

MSL: Moisure Sensitive Level. Imalembedwa palembapo ndipo imagawidwa m’magulu 1, 2, 2A, 3, 4, 5, 5A, ndi 6. Zigawo zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zapadera pa chinyezi kapena zolembedwa ndi zigawo zokhudzidwa ndi chinyezi pa phukusi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti zipereke kutentha ndi kutentha kwa chinyezi mu malo osungiramo zinthu ndi kupanga zinthu, motero kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa ntchito za kutentha ndi chinyezi tcheru zigawo. Pamene kuphika, BGA, QFP, MEM, BIOS ndi zofunika zina za vakuyumu ma CD wangwiro, mkulu-kutentha ndi mkulu-kutentha zosagwira zigawo zikuluzikulu zophikidwa pa kutentha osiyana, kulabadira nthawi kuphika. Zofunikira zophika pa bolodi za PCB poyamba zimatanthawuza zofunikira zama CDB board kapena zomwe makasitomala amafuna. Pambuyo kuphika, chinyezi tcheru zigawo ndi PCB bolodi sayenera upambana 12H firiji. Zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi kapena bolodi la PCB ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndi vacuum ma CD kapena kusungidwa mu bokosi loyanika.

Mfundo zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa pakupanga bolodi la PCB, ndikuyembekeza kuthandiza mainjiniya omwe akulimbana ndi mapangidwe a board a PCB.