Idan a cikin wannan zamani mai hankali, a cikin wannan filin, kuna son samun ƙwarewa a FPGA, to duniya za ta yi watsi da ku, The Times za ta yi watsi da ku.

La’akari da tsarin babban gudu PCB ƙirar da ta shafi aikace -aikacen serdes kamar haka:

(1) Microstrip da Stripline wayoyi.

Lissafin Microstrip suna yin waya akan saman siginar siginar jirgin sama mai tunani (GND ko Vcc) wanda kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki suka raba don rage jinkiri; Ana karkatar da wayoyin kirtani a cikin siginar siginar ciki tsakanin jirage guda biyu (GND ko Vcc) don mafi girman ƙarfin haɓakawa, sauƙin sauƙaƙewa da siginar tsabta, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.

Layin Microstrip da layin tsiri sun fi dacewa don wayoyi

(2) siginar siginar banbanci mai sauri.

Hanyoyin wayoyi na yau da kullun don siginar siginar banbanci mai sauri sun haɗa da Edge Coupled microstrip (saman Layer), layin Riba na Edge Coupled (layin siginar da aka saka, wanda ya dace da madaidaicin siginar siginar SERDES) da Broadside Coupled microstrip, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.

Babban saurin siginar siginar siginar waya

(3) kewaya capacitance (BypassCapacitor).

Kewaya capacitor ƙaramin capacitor ne tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin jerin rashin ƙarfi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don tace tsangwama mai yawa a cikin siginar juyawa mai sauri. Akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan masu wucewa guda uku galibi ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin FPGA: tsarin saurin-sauri (100MHz ~ 1GHz) wanda aka saba amfani da shi ta hanyar wucewa daga 0.01nF zuwa 10nF, gabaɗaya ana rarraba shi tsakanin 1cm daga Vcc; Tsarin saurin matsakaici (fiye da MHZ 100MHz), madaidaicin kewayon capacitor kewayon shine 47nF zuwa 100nF tantalum capacitor, gabaɗaya tsakanin 3cm na Vcc; Tsarin saurin-sauri (ƙasa da 10 MHZ), kewayon abin da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar wucewa shine 470nF zuwa 3300nF capacitor, shimfidar akan PCB kyauta ce.

(4) Capacitance mafi kyau duka wayoyi.

Waya Capacitor na iya bin ƙa’idodin ƙira na gaba, kamar yadda aka nuna.

Capacitive mafi kyau duka wayoyi

Ana haɗa faranti mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ta amfani da babban girma ta cikin ramuka (Via) don rage halayen haɗin gwiwa.

Use a short, wide wire to connect the pad of the capacitor pin to the hole, or directly connect the pad of the capacitor pin to the hole.

LESR capacitors (Low Effective Series Resistance) an yi amfani da su.

Kowane pin ko rami na GND yakamata a haɗa shi da jirgin ƙasa.

(5) Mahimman maɓallan wayoyin agogo mai sauri.

Guji zigzag winding da agogon hanya kamar yadda yakamata.

Yi ƙoƙarin yin tafiya a cikin siginar sigina ɗaya.

Kada ku yi amfani da ramukan da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, kamar yadda ramuka za su gabatar da tunani mai ƙarfi da rashin daidaituwa.

Yi amfani da wayoyin microstrip a saman saman gwargwadon iko don gujewa amfani da ramuka da rage jinkirin sigina.

Sanya jirgi na ƙasa kusa da layin siginar agogo gwargwadon iko don rage hayaniya. Idan ana amfani da layin siginar ciki, za a iya haɗa alamar siginar agogo tsakanin jirage biyu na ƙasa don rage amo da tsangwama. Gajarta jinkirin siginar.

Yakamata a daidaita siginar agogo daidai.

(6) Abubuwan da ke buƙatar kulawa a cikin haɗaɗɗen tsarin sauri da wayoyi.

Note the impedance matching of the differential signal.

Lura da faɗin layin siginar daban don ta iya jurewa 20% na siginar tashi ko lokacin faɗuwa.

Tare da masu haɗin da suka dace, ƙimar da aka ƙaddara na mai haɗawa yakamata ta cika mafi girman ƙirar.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da haɗin gwiwa na ma’aurata gwargwadon iko don gujewa haɗaɗɗen ma’aurata, yakamata a yi amfani da tsarin juzu’i na 3S don gujewa haɗe-haɗe ko kalma.

(7) Bayanan kula akan tace amo don tsarin saurin gudu.

Rage tsangwama mara ƙarancin ƙarfi (a ƙasa 1KHz) ya haifar da amo na tushen wutar lantarki, kuma ƙara garkuwa ko tace kewaye a kowane ƙarshen hanyar samun tushen wuta.

Ƙara 100F electrolytic capacitor tace a kowane wuri inda wutar lantarki ta shiga PCB.

Don rage hayaniya mai yawa, sanya madaidaitan abubuwan ƙera abubuwa a kowane Vcc da GND gwargwadon iko.

Sanya jirage na Vcc da GND a layi daya, raba su da na’urorin lantarki (kamar FR-4PCB), da shimfida abubuwan haɓakawa a cikin wasu yadudduka.

(8) Tsarin sauri mai sauri Ground Bounce

Yi ƙoƙarin ƙara ƙaramin capacitor ga kowane nau’in siginar Vcc/GND.

Ana ƙara Buffer na waje zuwa ƙarshen fitowar siginar juyawa mai saurin gudu kamar masu ƙididdigewa don rage buƙatun ƙarfin tuƙi.

An saita yanayin Slow Slew (low-rise-slope) don siginar fitarwa wanda baya buƙatar saurin sauri.

Sarrafa nauyin kaya.

Rage siginar jujjuya agogo, ko rarraba shi daidai gwargwado a kusa da guntu.

Siginar da take juyawa akai -akai tana kusa da guntun GND na guntu.

Tsarin ƙirar lokaci mai daidaitawa ya kamata ya guji juyawa da fitarwa nan take.

Karkatar da wutar lantarki da ƙasa na iya taka rawa a cikin ɗimbin haɓaka.