Haddii da’da caqliga badan, arimahan, aad rabto inaad xirfad ku yeelato FPGA, markaa adduunku wuu kaa tagi doonaa, The Times wuu kaa tegi doonaa.

Tixgelinta nidaamka xawaaraha sare PCB design la xiriira codsiyada serdes waa sida soo socota:

(1) Microstrip iyo Stripline fiilooyinka.

Khadadka Microstrip waxay ku xirayaan lakabka signalada sare ee diyaarad tixraac ah (GND ama Vcc) oo ay kala soocaan warbaahinta korontada si loo yareeyo daahitaanka; Fiilooyinka xargaha ayaa lagu dhex -qaadaa lakabka signalada gudaha ee u dhexeeya labada diyaaradood ee tixraaca (GND ama Vcc) si ay u yeeshaan falcelin karti -weyn leh, xakamaynta impedance -ka fudud iyo signal nadiif ah, sida ku cad shaxanka.

Khadka Microstrip iyo line strip ayaa ugu fiican fiilooyinka

(2) xawaaraha sare ee fiilooyinka signal kala duwan.

Hababka fiilooyinka caadiga ah ee lammaaneyaasha kala-duwanaanshaha xawaaraha sare leh waxaa ka mid ah Edge Coupled microstrip (lakabka sare), xarigga xarigga isku-dhafan ee Edge (lakabka calaamadaysan, oo ku habboon xawaaraha sare ee SERDES lammaane calaamad kala duwan) iyo Broadside Coupled microstrip, sida ku cad shaxanka.

Xawaaraha sare ee fiilooyinka lammaane farqiga u dhexeeya

(3) awood dhaafsi (BypassCapacitor).

Capacitor -ka dhaafa waa capacitor yar oo leh impedance taxane aad u hooseeya, kaas oo inta badan loo adeegsado in lagu shaandheeyo faragelinta soo noqnoqoshada sare ee calaamadaha beddelidda xawaaraha sare. Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo awood-dhaaf ah oo inta badan lagu dabaqo nidaamka FPGA: nidaamka xawaaraha sare (100MHz ~ 1GHz) oo inta badan la adeegsado capacitors-ku-dhaafku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 0.01nF illaa 10nF, oo guud ahaan lagu qaybiyo gudaha 1cm Vcc; Nidaamka xawaaraha dhexdhexaadka ah (in ka badan toban MHZ 100MHz), baaxadda guud ee ka-gudubka caadiga ah waa 47nF illaa 100nF capacitor tantalum, guud ahaan 3cm Vcc; Nidaamka xawaaraha-hooseeya (in ka yar 10 MHZ), inta badan inta la adeegsado baaxadda capacitor-ka waa 470nF ilaa 3300nF capacitor, qaabka PCB-ga waa lacag la’aan.

(4) Capacitance fiilooyinka fiicnayn.

Capacitor wiring can follow the following design guidelines, as shown.

Capacitive fiilooyinka fiicnayn

Suumanka pin -ka ee awoodda leh ayaa ku xiran iyadoo la isticmaalayo cabbir weyn oo daloola (Via) si loo yareeyo falcelinta isku xirnaanta.

Use a short, wide wire to connect the pad of the capacitor pin to the hole, or directly connect the pad of the capacitor pin to the hole.

LESR capacitors (Resistance Taxane Wax -ku -ool ah) ayaa la isticmaalay.

Gin kasta ama god kasta oo GND ah waa in lagu xidhaa diyaaradda dhulka.

(5) Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee xadhigga saacadda ee xawaaraha sare leh.

Ka fogow zigzag dabaysha iyo saacadaha waddada sida ugu toossan ee suurtogalka ah.

Isku day inaad mariso hal lakab oo ishaar ah.

Ha isticmaalin daloollada sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, maadaama dalooladu ay soo bandhigi doonaan milicsiga xooggan iyo is-qabad-la’anta.

Isticmaal fiilooyinka microstrip ee lakabka sare sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah si aad uga fogaato adeegsiga godadka oo aad yarayso daahitaanka calaamadaha.

Dhig diyaaradda dhulka meel u dhow lakabka signalada saacadda ilaa intii suurtogal ah si loo yareeyo buuqa iyo wadiiqada waddada. Haddii lakabka signalada gudaha la adeegsado, lakabka signalada saacadda waxaa lagu dhejin karaa labada diyaaradood ee dhulka si loo yareeyo buuqa iyo faragelinta. Dib u dhigista calaamadaha.

Calaamadda saacadda waa in si sax ah is -waafajin la waafajiyo.

(6) Arrimaha u baahan fiiro gaar ah xagga isku xirnaanta nidaamka xawaaraha sare iyo fiilooyinka.

Note the impedance matching of the differential signal.

Xusuusnow ballaca xariijinta signalada kaladuwan si ay ugu dulqaadan karto 20% kororka signalada ama waqtiga dhicitaanka.

Iyada oo leh xiriiriyeyaasha habboon, inta jeer ee la qiimeeyay ee isku xiraha waa inay la kulmaan inta jeer ee ugu sarreysa naqshadeynta.

Ku-xirnaanta lamaanaha waa in la adeegsadaa intii suurtogal ah si looga fogaado isku-xirnaanta lamaanaha ballaadhan, xeerka jajabka 3S waa in loo adeegsadaa si looga fogaado isku-xirnaan ama erey-bixin.

(7) Xusuus-qoryo ku saabsan shaandhaynta qaylada nidaamyada xawaaraha sare leh.

Yaree faragelinta soo noqnoqoshada hoose (ka hooseysa 1KHz) oo ay sababtay buuqa ilaha korontada, kuna dar wareegga gaashaanka ama shaandhaynta dhammaad kasta oo laga helo il awoodeed.

Ku dar 100F shaandhaynta karaystaha korontada meel kasta oo korontadu gasho PCB -ga.

Si loo yareeyo buuqa soo noqnoqda ee aadka u sarreeya, dhig inta awoodood ee kala goynaysa Vcc iyo GND kasta intii suurtogal ah.

Diyaarso dayuuradaha Vcc iyo GND oo isbarbar socda, ku kala saar qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya (sida FR-4PCB), oo ku dheji awood-mareennada dhinacyo kale.

(8) Nidaamka xawaaraha sare ee Bounce Bounce

Isku day inaad ku darto koronto -dhaliyaha kala -goynta labada lammaane ee Vcc/GND.

Buffer-ka dibedda ah ayaa lagu daraa dhammaadka wax-soo-saarka ee calaamadaha dib-u-noqoshada-xawaaraha sare sida miiska si loo yareeyo baahida awoodda wadista.

Habka Slow Slew (hoos-u-kaca-jiirada) ayaa loo dhigay calaamadaha wax soo saarka oo aan u baahnayn xawaare adag.

Xakamaynta falcelinta culeyska.

Iska yaree calaamadda rogmata saacadda, ama u qaybi si siman intii suurtogal ah agagaarka jajabka.

Tilmaan -bixiyaha si isdaba -joogga u rogaya wuxuu aad ugu dhow yahay GND pin -ka chip -ka.

Naqshadeynta wareegga waqtiga isku midka ah waa inay ka fogaataa dib -u -noqoshada isla markiiba ee soo -saarka.

Wareejinta korontada iyo dhulka ayaa kaalin ka qaadan karta is -dhexgalka guud.