Buga Kwamitin Circuie (PCB) is short for Printed circuit Board. Usually in insulation material, according to the predetermined design, made of printed circuit, printed components or a combination of both conductive graphics called printed circuit. Ya wanzu kusan duk kayan aikin lantarki da muke iya gani ba za su iya yi ba tare da shi ba, ƙarami zuwa agogon lantarki, masu ƙididdigewa, kwamfutoci na gaba ɗaya, zuwa kwamfutoci, kayan aikin sadarwa na sadarwa, tsarin makamin soja, muddin akwai haɗaɗɗun da’irori da sauran abubuwan lantarki, haɗin haɗin lantarki tsakanin su duka suna buƙatar amfani da PCB.

Tsarin jadawalin haɗin haɗin lantarki tsakanin abubuwan da aka bayar akan madaidaicin insulating shine ake kira da’irar bugawa. Ta wannan hanyar, da’irar da aka buga ko layin da aka gama na katako ana kiransa allon bugawa, wanda kuma aka sani da allon bugawa ko allon bugawa. Yana ba da tallafin injin don daidaitaccen taro na abubuwan lantarki daban -daban kamar haɗaɗɗun da’irori, yana gane wayoyi da haɗin wutar lantarki ko rufin lantarki tsakanin abubuwan lantarki daban -daban kamar haɗaɗɗun da’irori, kuma yana ba da halayen wutar lantarki da ake buƙata, kamar haɓakar halayyar, da sauransu. A lokaci guda don samar da jadawalin toshe mai siyarwa ta atomatik; Samar da haruffan ganewa da zane don shigarwa, dubawa da kulawa.

How are PCBS made? When we open the thumb drive of a general-purpose computer, we can see a soft film (flexible insulating substrate) printed with silver-white (silver paste) conductive graphics and potential graphics. Saboda hanyar bugun allo na duniya don samun wannan jadawalin, don haka muke kiran wannan da’irar da aka buga m madaurin azurfa da aka buga. Ya bambanta da motherboards, katunan zane -zane, katunan cibiyar sadarwa, modem, katunan sauti da allon allon kewaye akan kayan aikin gida da muke gani a cikin Computer City. Abun kayan da aka yi amfani da shi an yi shi da tushe na takarda (galibi ana amfani da shi don gefe ɗaya) ko ginshiƙan zane na gilashi (galibi ana amfani da shi don bangarori biyu da yawa), pre-impregnated phenolic or epoxy resin, ɗaya ko biyu na farfajiyar da aka manne da littafin jan ƙarfe sannan kuma laminated curing. Irin wannan allon kewaye yana rufe allon littafin jan ƙarfe, muna kiransa da katako. Sannan muna yin allon da’irar bugawa, muna kiran ta da madaidaicin allon bugawa. Kwamitin da’irar da aka buga tare da zane-zanen da’irar da aka buga a gefe ɗaya ana kiransa da’irar bugawa mai gefe ɗaya, kuma bugun da’irar da aka buga tare da zane-zanen da’irar da aka buga a ɓangarorin biyu tana haɗe a ɓangarorin biyu ta hanyar ƙarfe ramuka, kuma muna kiran ta sau biyu -panin. Idan ana amfani da rufi mai sau biyu, hanya guda ɗaya don Layer na waje ko rufi biyu, tubalan guda biyu na faffadan faifai guda ɗaya na allon da’irar da aka buga, ta hanyar tsarin sakawa da madaidaicin kayan adon madogara da haɗaɗɗen zane mai jituwa gwargwadon buƙatun ƙirar da aka buga. jirgin ya zama huɗu, shida Layer buga da’irar kewaye, wanda kuma aka sani da multilayer buga da’ira. There are now more than 100 layers of practical printed circuit boards.

Tsarin samarwa na PCB yana da rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da matakai iri-iri, daga sarrafa injin mai sauƙi zuwa aiki na inji mai rikitarwa, gami da halayen sunadarai na yau da kullun, photochemistry, electrochemistry, thermochemistry da sauran matakai, ƙirar taimakon kwamfuta (CAM) da sauran ilimin . Kuma yayin aiwatar da matsalolin aiwatarwa kuma koyaushe zai sadu da sabbin matsaloli kuma wasu matsaloli a cikin ba su gano dalilin ɓacewa ba, saboda tsarin samarwarsa wani nau’in tsari ne mai ci gaba, duk wata hanyar haɗin gwiwa ba zata haifar da samarwa a duk faɗin hukumar ko sakamakon adadi mai yawa na gogewa, allon da’irar da aka buga idan babu sake amfani da abin fashewa, Injiniyoyin aiwatarwa na iya zama masu wahala, don haka injiniyoyi da yawa suna barin masana’antar don yin aiki a cikin tallace -tallace da sabis na fasaha don kayan PCB ko kamfanonin kayan aiki.

Don ƙarin fahimtar PCB, ya zama dole a fahimci tsarin samar da galibi mai gefe ɗaya, allon bugawa mai gefe biyu da allon multilayer, don zurfafa fahimtar sa.

Single-gefe m buga jirgin: – suturar jan ƙarfe guda ɗaya – blanking don gogewa, bushewa), hakowa ko bugun -> layin bugun allo da aka tsara ko amfani da bushewar fim don magance fakitin gyara, jan ƙarfe da bushe don tsayayya da kayan bugawa, don gogewa, bushewa, juriya na buga allo. zane -zane na waldi (galibi ana amfani da koren mai), UV yana warkarwa don buga alamar allo mai ɗaukar hoto, maganin UV, preheating, punching, da siffa – buɗe wutar lantarki da ɗan gajeren gwajin kewaye – gogewa, bushewa → pre-shafi waldi anti-oxidant (bushe) ko tin-spraying zafi iska leveling dubawa marufi, ƙãre kayayyakin factory.

Biyu-gefe m buga jirgin: -allon allon jan karfe mai gefe biyu-blanking-laminated-nc rami jagorar rami-dubawa, goge gogewa-plating sunadarai (gyaran ramin jagora)-farantin tagulla na bakin ciki (cikakken jirgi)-goge dubawa-> bugun allo mara kyau na kewaye, magani (busasshen fim/rigar fim, fallasawa da haɓakawa) – dubawa da gyara farantin – zane -zanen zane -zane da kwanon lantarki (juriya na nickel/zinari) -> don buga kayan (rufi) – etching jan ƙarfe – (annealing tin ) to scrub clean, commonly used graphics screen printing resistance welding heat curing green oil (photosensitive dry film or wet film, exposure, development and heat curing, often heat curing photosensitive green oil) and dry cleaning, to screen printing mark character graphics, curing, (tin or organic shielded welding film) to form processing, cleaning, drying to electrical on-off testing, packaging and finished products.

Ta hanyar hanyar ƙarfe rami na ƙera ƙirar multilayer yana gudana zuwa cikin murfin ciki na jan ƙarfe wanda aka lulluɓe mai gefe biyu, goge don rami mai sakawa, tsayawa kan murfin bushewa ko rufi don tsayayya da fallasawa, haɓakawa da etching da fim-coarsening na ciki da hadawan abu da iskar shaka -dubawa na ciki-(samar da layin waje na laminates na gefe guda, takardar haɗin gwiwa, takardar haɗin farantin B-duba oda, ramin saka rami) don laminate, hakowa da yawa-> Rami da dubawa kafin magani da farantin jan ƙarfe – cikakken jirgi da sikelin murfin murfin jan ƙarfe – tsayawa kan juriya ga bushewar farantin fim ko sanyawa ga wakili mai ɗorawa don ɗaukar fallasa ƙasa, haɓakawa da gyara farantin – electroplating na zane -zane – ko nickel/zinariya plating da electroplating tin lead alloy zuwa film da etching – duba – allon buga juriya waldi zane ko haske ya haifar da juriya waldi zane – buga halin halayen – (zafi iska matakin ko kwayoyin garkuwa waldi film) da lamba lamba Siffar wankewa, tsaftacewa, bushewa dete gano haɗin lantarki, kammala duba samfur factory masana’anta shiryawa.

It can be seen from the process flow chart that the multilayer process is developed from the two-face metallization process. Baya ga tsarin mai gefe biyu, yana da abubuwa da yawa na musamman: ramin ƙarfe mai haɗin ciki, hakowa da gurɓataccen epoxy, tsarin sakawa, lamination, da kayan musamman.

Katin mu na kwamfuta na yau da kullun shine ainihin zanen gilashin epoxy gilashi mai gefe biyu, wanda yana da gefe guda aka saka aka gyara kuma ɗayan gefen shine saman waldi na ƙafar ƙafa, yana iya ganin cewa haɗin gwal ɗin na yau da kullun ne, ƙafar ƙafa mai ƙyalli. saman waɗannan gidajen abinci na alfarma muna kiransa kushin. Why don’t the other copper wires have tin on them? Because in addition to the solder plate and other parts of the need for soldering, the rest of the surface has a layer of wave resistance welding film. Fim ɗin mai siyar da samansa galibi kore ne, kuma kaɗan suna amfani da rawaya, baƙar fata, shuɗi, da sauransu, don haka galibi ana kiran mai siyar da koren mai a masana’antar PCB. Aikinsa shine hana birgewar gadar walda ta walƙiya, haɓaka ingancin walda da adana solder da sauransu. It is also a permanent protective layer of printed board, can play the role of moisture, corrosion, mildew and mechanical abrasion. Daga waje, saman yana da santsi da haske mai toshe koren fim, wanda yake ɗaukar hoto ga farantin fim da zafi yana warkar da koren mai. Ba wai kawai bayyanar ta fi kyau ba, yana da mahimmanci cewa daidaiton kushin yana da girma, don inganta amincin haɗin gwiwa.

Kamar yadda muke gani daga allon kwamfuta, ana shigar da abubuwa ta hanyoyi uku. A plug-in installation process for transmission in which an electronic component is inserted into a through-hole on a printed circuit board. It is easy to see that the double-sided printed circuit board through holes are as follows: one is a simple component insert hole; Na biyu shine shigar kayan da haɗin kai mai haɗin kai ta rami; Uku ne mai sau biyu mai sauƙi ta rami; Hudu shine shigar da farantin tushe da rami na sakawa. Sauran hanyoyin hawa biyu sune hawa saman da guntu kai tsaye. A zahiri, ana iya ɗaukar fasahar hawa guntu kai tsaye azaman reshe na fasahar hawa saman, shine guntu kai tsaye a manne akan allon da aka buga, sannan a haɗa shi da allon bugawa ta hanyar walda ta waya ko hanyar ɗaukar bel, hanyar juyawa, gubar katako hanya da sauran fasahar marufi. Fushin walda yana kan farfajiyar bangaren.

Fasahar hawa ta ƙasa tana da fa’idodi masu zuwa:

1) Saboda allon da aka buga yana kawar da babba ta hanyar rami ko fasahar haɗin haɗin rami, yana haɓaka girman wayoyi akan allon da aka buga, yana rage yankin allon da aka buga (gabaɗaya kashi ɗaya bisa uku na shigowar toshe), kuma yana iya rage adadin na yadudduka ƙira da farashi na allon bugawa.

2) Rage nauyi, inganta aikin girgizar ƙasa, amfani da solder colloidal da sabon fasahar walda, inganta ingancin samfuri da dogaro.

3) Due to the increase of wiring density and the shortening of lead length, the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance are reduced, which is more conducive to improving the electrical parameters of the printed board.

4) Yana da sauƙin gane aiki da kai fiye da shigarwa, inganta saurin shigarwa da yawan aiki, da rage farashin taro daidai gwargwado.

As can be seen from the above surface safety technology, the improvement of circuit board technology is improved with the improvement of chip packaging technology and surface mounting technology. Kwamfutar kwamfutar da muke gani yanzu tana nuna sandar saman ta tana sanya ƙima don haɓaka ba tare da tsayawa ba. A zahiri, irin wannan allon da’irar sake amfani da zane -zanen bugun layin zane baya iya cika buƙatun fasaha. Sabili da haka, madaidaicin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, zane -zanen layinta da zane -zane na walƙiya su ne m kewaye da tsarin samar da mai.

Har yanzu akwai ilimin fasaha da yawa game da allon da’irar da aka buga, kuma tare da ci gaban haɓaka mai yawa, za a sami ƙarin sabbin fasahohi. Anan ne kawai gabatarwa mai sauƙi, Ina fatan zaku iya ba da taimako ga abokai masu sha’awar fasahar PCB.