Ibhodi yeSekethe eprintiweyo (I-PCB) imfutshane kwiBhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo kwizinto zokwambathisa, ngokokuyilwa kwangaphambili, okwenziwe ngesekethe eprintiweyo, izinto eziprintiweyo okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini iigrafiki ezibizwa ngokuba ziisekethe eziprintiweyo. Kukho phantse zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki esinokuzibona zingenakho ngaphandle kwayo, iiwotshi ezincinci ukuya kwi-elektroniki, iikhalityhuleyitha, iikhompyuter ngokubanzi, kwiikhompyuter, kunxibelelwano lwezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iinkqubo zezixhobo zomkhosi, okoko nje kukho iisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nezinye izinto zombane, Ukunxibelelana kombane phakathi kwabo bonke kufuneka basebenzise i-PCB.

Igrafu eqhubayo yoqhagamshelo lombane phakathi kwezinto ezinikezelweyo kwisiseko sokubambelela sibizwa ngokuba yisekethe eprintiweyo. Ngale ndlela, isekethe eprintiweyo okanye umgca oprintiweyo webhodi egqityiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yibhodi eprintiweyo okanye ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Inikezela ngenkxaso yoomatshini kwindibano esisigxina yezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki ezinje ngeesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo, iyayiqonda intambo kunye nokudityaniswa kombane okanye ukufakwa kombane phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zombane ezinje ngeesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo, kwaye zibonelela ngeempawu zombane ezifunekayo, ezinje nge-impedance, njl. Ngelo xesha linye ukubonelela solder oluzenzekelayo uvimba igrafu; Nika abalinganiswa bokuchonga kunye nemizobo yofakelo lwecandelo, uhlolo kunye nolondolozo.

Zenziwa njani iiPCBS? Xa sivula i-thumb drive yekhompyuter ejolise ngokubanzi, sinokubona ifilimu ethambileyo (iguquguqukayo yokwambathisa i-substrate) eprintwe ngesilivere-emhlophe (uncamathisela isilivere) yemizobo eqhubayo kunye nemizobo enokubakho. Ngenxa yendlela yokushicilela kwesikrini kwindalo iphela yokufumana le grafu, ke siyibiza le bhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ukuguquguquka kwesilivere kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Ezahlukileyo kwiibhodi zee-mama, amakhadi emizobo, amakhadi enethiwekhi, iimodem, amakhadi esandi kunye neebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo kwizixhobo zasekhaya esizibonayo kwisiXeko seKhompyuter. Izinto ezisisiseko ezisetyenzisiweyo zenziwe ngesiseko sephepha (esihlala sisetyenziselwa icala elinye) okanye isiseko selaphu leglasi (esihlala sisetyenziselwa amacala aphindwe kabini kunye nolwahlu oluninzi), i-phenolic okanye i-epoxy resin yangaphambi kokumitha, elinye okanye omabini amacala omhlaba athe g incwadi yobhedu kwaye emva koko yanyangwa ngamayeza. Olu hlobo lwebhodi yesekethe lugubungela ibhodi yencwadi yobhedu, siyibiza ngokuba yibhodi eqinileyo. Emva koko senza ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, siyibiza ngokuba yibhodi yesekethe eshicilelweyo. Ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enemizobo yesekethe eprintiweyo kwelinye icala ibizwa ngokuba yibhodi enye yesekethe eprintiweyo, kwaye ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enemizobo yesekethe eprintiweyo kumacala omabini inxibelelene kumacala omabini ngokusebenzisa umngxunya wesinyithi, kwaye siyibiza kabini ipaneli. Ukuba usebenzisa i-lining ephindwe kabini, indlela enye yoluhlu lwangaphandle okanye i-lining ephindwe kabini, iibhloko ezimbini zoluhlu lwangaphandle lwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo, ngenkqubo yokuma kunye nezinye izinto zokuncamathela kunye nokunxibelelana kwemizobo ehambelanayo ngokweemfuno zoyilo zesekethe eprintiweyo Ibhodi iba zine, ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yesine, ekwabizwa ngokuba yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Ngoku kukho ngaphezu kwe-100 yeebhodi zeebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo.

Inkqubo yokuveliswa kwePCB inzima kakhulu, ebandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo, ukusuka ekusebenzeni ngokulula koomatshini ukuya kulwenziwo oluntsonkothileyo, kubandakanya ukusabela okuqhelekileyo kwemichiza, i-photochemistry, i-electrochemistry, i-thermochemistry kunye nezinye iinkqubo, uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter (i-CAM) kunye nolunye ulwazi . Kwaye kwinkqubo yeenkqubo zemveliso kwaye iya kuhlala ihlangabezana neengxaki ezintsha kwaye ezinye iingxaki azifumananga isizathu sokunyamalala, kuba inkqubo yayo yemveliso luhlobo lwendlela eqhubekayo, naluphi na unxibelelwano olungalunganga luya kubangela imveliso kuyo yonke ibhodi okanye iziphumo zenani elikhulu lezinto ezilahliweyo, ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ukuba akukho siphinde sisebenze, Inkqubo yeenjineli zinokuba noxinzelelo, iinjineli ezininzi zilishiya eli shishini ziye kusebenza kwintengiso kunye neenkonzo zobuchwephesha zezixhobo zePCB okanye iinkampani zezixhobo.

Ukuze uqhubeke uqonde i-PCB, kufuneka uqonde inkqubo yemveliso yecala elijikeleze icala elinye, ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo esecaleni kunye nebhodi yesiqhelo ye-multilayer, ukomeleza ukuqonda kwayo.

Ibhodi eprintiweyo engqindilili engatshatanga: – ilokhwe enye yobhedu egqunywe – ukungabinanto yokukhuhla, eyomileyo), ukubhola okanye ukubetha -> imigca yokushicilela isikrini okanye ipatheni eyomileyo yokunyanga ipleyiti yokulungisa, ubhedu kunye nobomileyo bokumelana nezinto zoshicilelo, ukukhuhla, ukoma, ukumelana nokushicilela isikrini iigrafikhi ze-welding (ioyile eluhlaza esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo), ukuphilisa i-UV kumatshini wokumakisha kwimizobo yokuprinta, ukuphilisa i-UV, ukutshisa kwangaphambili, ukubetha ngenqindi, kunye nokuma kovavanyo oluvulekileyo kunye novavanyo lwesekethe olufutshane -ukukhuhla, ukomisa → pre-ukutyabeka ukuwelda anti-oxidant (owomileyo) okanye tin-ukutshiza eshushu umoya sokulinganisa → ukuhlolwa ukupakishwa → iimveliso ogqityiweyo mveliso.

Ebhodini ibhodi eqinileyo eshicilelweyo: -Iibhodi ezinamacala amabini obhedu-ukugquma – ukugoba-ukugoba – umngxunya wesikhombisi somngxunya – uhlolo, isikhuhli esirhabaxa-isingxobo semichiza (isikhokelo somngxunya wesinyithi) – isingxobo sobhedu esincinci (ibhodi epheleleyo) – uhlolo lokuhlola -> ukuprinta kwesikrini kwimizobo yesekethe engalunganga, unyango (ifilimu eyomileyo / ifilimu emanzi, ukuvezwa kunye nophuhliso) -ukuhlolwa kunye nokulungiswa kwemigca yeplate kunye ne-electroplating tin (ukumelana nokubola kwe-nickel / igolide) -> ukuprinta izinto (ukutyabeka) -ukuthambisa ithusi – ) ukukhuhla okucocekileyo, okuqhelekileyo okusetyenziswayo kwimizobo yokushicilela ukukhusela ukuhambisa ubushushu kunyanga ioyile eluhlaza (ifilimu eyomileyo okanye ifilimu emanzi, ukubonakaliswa, ukukhula kunye nokuphilisa ubushushu, kuhlala kushushu ukuphilisa ioyile eluhlaza) kunye nokucoca okomileyo, ukukrola uphawu lweempawu zemifanekiso, ukuphilisa , (inkcenkce okanye ifilimu yokuwelda ekhuselweyo ephilayo) yokwenza imveliso, ukucoca, ukomisa kuvavanyo lokwenza umbane, ukupakisha kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo.

Ngokusebenzisa umngxunya wokunyibilikisa inkqubo yokuvelisa inkqubo ye-multilayer yokuhamba ukuya ngaphakathi kwimbasa yobhedu enxibe ukusika okunamacala amabini, ukukrola ukubola umngxunya wokubambelela, ukunamathela kwisambatho esomileyo okanye ukutyabeka ukumelana nokuvezwa, uphuhliso kunye nokutsalwa kunye nefilimu -ukuqina kwangaphakathi kunye ne-oxidation -Ukujonga kwangaphakathi Umngxunya ujonge phambi konyango kunye nesingxobo sobhedu semichiza- ibhodi epheleleyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwesingqengqelo sobhedu – ncamathela ekumelaneni nesomiso sefilimu okanye ukutyabeka kwiarhente yesingxobo ukunxiba ukuvezwa okungezantsi, uphuhliso kunye nokulungisa umgca wemizobo yeplate ye-electroplating- okanye i-nickel / igolide nesingxobo kunye electroplating tin ekhokelela ingxubevange bhanyabhanya kunye ukuhlahlela – khangela – screen yoshicilelo ukunganyangeki iwelding yemizobo okanye ukukhanya ezibangelwa ukumelana imizobo welding – yemizobo eziprintiweyo umlinganiswa – Ukuhlamba imilo → ukucoca, ukomisa → ukufumanisa uqhagamshelo lombane → ukugqitywa kokuhlolwa kwemveliso → ukupakisha umzi-mveliso.

Ingabonakala kwinkqubo yetshathi yokuhamba ukuba inkqubo ye-multilayer iphuhliswe kwinkqubo yentsimbi yobuso. Ukongeza kwinkqubo enamacala amabini, inemixholo eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo: umngxunya wangaphakathi odityanisiweyo, ukubhola kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-epoxy, inkqubo yokubeka indawo, i-lamination kunye nezinto ezizodwa.

Ikhadi lethu lebhodi yekhompyuter eqhelekileyo lilaphu le-epoxy yeglasi enamacala amabini aprintiweyo ebhodi yesekethe, enecala elinye elifakelwe izinto kunye nelinye icala yindawo yokunyathela iinyawo, uyabona ukuba amalungu e-solder aqhelekile, icandelo le-welding discrete Umphezulu wala malungu e-solder siwabiza ngokuba yipad. Kutheni ezinye iingcingo zobhedu zingenazo iitoti kuzo? Ngenxa yokuba ukongeza kwiplate ye-solder kunye nezinye iindawo zokufunwa kwe-soldering, indawo eseleyo inomgangatho wefilimu yokumelana nokutshiza. Umboniso wayo we-solder wefilimu ubukhulu becala uluhlaza, kwaye bambalwa basebenzisa tyheli, mnyama, luhlaza, njl.njl. Umsebenzi wayo kukuthintela into yokutsalwa kwebhulorho yamaza, ukuphucula umgangatho we-welding kunye nokugcina i-solder njalo njalo. Ikwangumaleko okhuselayo osisigxina webhodi eprintiweyo, inokudlala indima yokufuma, ukubola, ukungunda kunye nokuqaqanjelwa ngomatshini. Ukusuka ngaphandle, umphezulu ugudile kwaye uqaqambile oluhlaza uvimba ifilimu, ethi ifoto kwiflethi yefilimu kunye nobushushu obuphilisa ioyile eluhlaza. Ayisiyiyo kuphela imbonakalo ebhetele, kubalulekile ukuba ukuchaneka kwephedi kuphezulu, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuthembeka kwendibaniselwano.

Njengoko sinokubona kwibhodi yekhompyuter, izinto ezifakwe ngeendlela ezintathu. Inkqubo yofakelo lwe-plug-in lokuhambisa apho icandelo le-elektroniki lifakwa kumngxunya kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Kulula ukubona ukuba ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enamacala amabini enemingxunya imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: enye yinto elula yokufaka umngxuma; Okwesibini kukufakwa kwecandelo kunye nokunxibelelana kabini macala emngxunyeni; Isithathu lilula elinamacala amabini kumngxuma; Isine kukufakwa kwesiseko seplate kunye nomngxunya wokuma. Ezinye iindlela ezimbini zokunyusa ukunyusa umphezulu kunye nokufaka i-chip ngokuthe ngqo. Ngapha koko, itekhnoloji ethekisayo ethe ngqo ethembekileyo inokuqwalaselwa njengesebe lobuchwephesha bokunyusa umphezulu, yi-chip ethe nca ngqo kwibhodi eprintiweyo, emva koko idityaniswe kwibhodi eprintiweyo ngendlela yewelding okanye indlela yokulayisha ibhanti, indlela yeflip, umqadi okhokelayo indlela kunye nenye itekhnoloji yokupakisha. Umphezulu welding phezu kumphezulu wecandelo.

Itekhnoloji yokufaka umphezulu inezi zinto zilandelayo:

1) Ngenxa yokuba ibhodi eprintiweyo ubukhulu becala ishenxisa umngxuma omkhulu okanye umngxunya wetekhnoloji yokungcwaba umngxunya, iphucula ukuxinana kweentambo kwibhodi eprintiweyo, inciphisa indawo yebhodi eprintiweyo (ngokubanzi isinye kwisithathu sokufakwa kweplagi), kwaye inokunciphisa inani Uluhlu loyilo kunye neendleko zebhodi eprintiweyo.

2) Ukunciphisa ubunzima, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenyikima, ukusetyenziswa kwe-colloidal solder kunye netekhnoloji entsha ye-welding, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka.

3) Ngenxa yokwanda kokuxinana kwe-wiring kunye nokunciphisa ubude bentloko, amandla e-parasitic kunye ne-infusit inductance iyancitshiswa, efanelekileyo ekuphuculeni iiparameter zombane kwibhodi eprintiweyo.

I-4) Kulula ukuqonda ukuzenzekelayo kunokuba ufake iplagi, ukuphucula isantya sokufaka kunye nemveliso yabasebenzi, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zebandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Njengoko kunokubonwa kwitekhnoloji yokhuseleko yomphezulu womhlaba, ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yebhodi yesekethe kuphuculwe ngokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokupakisha ye-chip kunye netekhnoloji yokunyusa umphezulu. Ibhodi yekhompyuter esiyibonayo ngoku ikhadi layo elingaphezulu lifakela inqanaba lokunyuka ngokungapheliyo. Ngapha koko, olu hlobo lwebhodi yesekethe yokuphinda isebenzise ukuhanjiswa kwemizobo yokuhambisa kwimizobo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa. Ke ngoko, ibhodi yesekethe ephezulu yokuchaneka okuphezulu, imizobo yayo yomgca kunye nemizobo ye-welding ziisekethe ezibuthathaka kunye nenkqubo yemveliso yeoyile eluhlaza.

Kusekho ulwazi oluninzi lobuchwephesha malunga neebhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo, kunye nophuculo lokuxinana okuphezulu, kuya kubakho ubuchwepheshe obutsha ngakumbi nangakumbi. Nantsi intshayelelo elula, ndiyathemba ukuba unganika uncedo kubahlobo abanomdla kwitekhnoloji yePCB.