Yakadhindwa Circuie Bhodhi (PCB) ipfupi kune Akadhindwa wedunhu Bhodhi. Kazhinji mune yekuisa zvinhu, zvinoenderana neyakafanorongedzwa dhizaini, yakagadzirwa nedhijitari yakadhindwa, zvakadhindwa zvikamu kana mubatanidzwa wezvose zviri zviviri zvinoitisa mifananidzo inonzi yakadhindwa wedunhu. Iko iriko ingangoita ese emagetsi zvigadzirwa isu zvatinoona hazvigone kuita pasina iyo, zvidiki kune zvemagetsi wachi, macalculator, akajairika makomputa, kumakomputa, kutaurirana zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, zvemauto zvombo masystem, sekureba sekunge kune akabatanidzwa macircuit uye zvimwe zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, iyo kubatana kwemagetsi pakati pavo vese vanoda kushandisa PCB.

Iyo inoitisa girafu yekubatana kwemagetsi pakati pezvinhu zvinopihwa pane insulating substrate inonzi yakadhindwa wedunhu. Nenzira iyi, rakadhindwa redunhu kana rakadhindwa mutsetse webhodhi rakapedzwa rinonzi rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, inozivikanwawo sebhuku rakadhindwa kana rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi. Inopa michina rutsigiro rweyakagadziriswa gungano yezvinhu zvakasiyana zvemagetsi senge akasanganiswa macircuit, anoziva wiring uye magetsi kubatana kana kwemagetsi kuputira pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana zvemagetsi senge akasanganiswa macircuit, uye inopa inodiwa magetsi maficha, senge hunhu impedance, nezvimwe. Panguva imwecheteyo kuti ipe otomatiki solder ichivhara girafu; Ipa mavara ekuzivikanwa uye magiraidhi ekuisirwa kwechinhu, kuongorora uye kugadzirisa.

PCBS inogadzirwa sei? Kana isu tavhura chigunwe chekutyaira cheyakajairika-chinangwa komputa, isu tinogona kuona yakapfava firimu (inoshanduka inodzivirira substrate) yakadhindwa nesirivha-chena (sirivheri pasita) inoitisa giraidhi uye inogona mifananidzo. Nekuda kwenzira yepasirese yekudhinda nzira yekuwana girafu iyi, saka tinodaidza iyi yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi inoshanduka sirivheri yekunamatira yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi. Zvakasiyana nemamaboardboard, makadhi emifananidzo, makadhi enetiweki, modemu, makadhi eruzha uye akadhindwa emabhodhi edunhu pamidziyo yemumba yatinoona muComputer City. Chinyorwa chepasi chinoshandiswa chakagadzirwa nepepa chigadziko (chinowanzo shandiswa kune rimwe divi) kana girazi jira base (inowanzo shandiswa kune maviri-mativi uye akawanda-masenduru), pre-akaiswa mushonga wepeniki kana epoxy resin, rimwe kana maviri mativi epasi akasungirirwa ne mhangura bhuku uyezve laminated kurapa. Rudzi urwu redunhu bhodhi rinofukidza mhangura bhuku bhodhi, isu tinoriidza rakaoma bhodhi. Ipapo isu tinogadzira rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, isu tinoridaidza kuti rakaomarara rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi. Iyo yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi ine yakadhindwa wedunhu magiraidhi kune rimwe divi inonzi imwechete-mativi akadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi, uye yakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi ine yakadhindwa wedunhu magiraidhi kune ese mativi inosunganidzwa pamativi ese ari maviri kuburikidza nesimbi metallization yemaburi, uye isu tinoidaidza iyo yakapetwa -pane. Kana uchishandisa lining yakapetwa kaviri, imwe-nzira-yekunze yekunze kana mbiri mbiri, mabhuroko maviri eimwe yekunze dura reiyo yakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi, kuburikidza nemamiriro ekumisikidza uye neimwe nzira yekunamatira zvinhu zvekunamatira uye inoitisa giraidhi yekubatana zvinoenderana dhizaini dhizaini bhodhi inova ina, nhanhatu dura rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, inozivikanwawo se multilayer yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi. Ikozvino pane anodarika zana maseturu emamwe anoshanda akadhindwa wedunhu mabhodhi.

Maitiro ekugadzira ePBB akaomesesa, ayo anoverengeka maitiro, kubva pamashini akaomeswa kusvika pakuomarara kwekugadzirisa, kusanganisira zvakajairika zvemakemikari, photochemistry, electrochemistry, thermochemistry uye mamwe maitiro, komputa-yakabatsirwa dhizaini (CAM) uye rumwe ruzivo . Uye mukuita kwezvinetso zvekugadzira zvigadzirwa uye zvinogara zvichisangana nematambudziko matsva uye mamwe matambudziko mu haana kuwana chikonzero chikonzero chinonyangarika, nekuti maitiro acho ekugadzira ndeemhando yeiyo inoenderera mutsara fomu, chero chinongedzo chisina kunaka chingakonzera kugadzirwa kubhodhi kana iyo mhedzisiro yenhamba yakakura yezvimedu, yakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi kana pasina chekushandisa patsva, Ma processor enjiniya anogona kunetsa, saka mainjiniya mazhinji anosiya indasitiri kunoshanda mukutengesa nehunyanzvi masevhisi ePCB kana michina yezvinhu.

Kuti uwedzere kunzwisisa iyo pcb, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise kugadzirwa kwemaitiro kazhinji asina-mativi, maviri-mativi akadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi uye zvakajairika multilayer bhodhi, kudzamisa kunzwisisa kwayo.

Imwe-mativi akaomarara akadhindwa bhodhi: – imwechete yemhangura yakapfeka – kuvhara kusvuura, kuoma), kuchera kana kubaya -> screen yekudhinda mitsara yakatemwa pateni kana kushandisa yakaoma firimu kuramba kurapa cheki gadziriso ndiro, mhangura etching uye yakaoma kurwisa kudhinda zvinhu, kukwesha, kuoma, skrini yekudhinda kuramba Weld mifananidzo → pre-bemhapemha anti-oxidant (yakaoma) kana tini-yekumwaya inopisa mweya yekumisikidza → kuongorora kuputira → zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa.

Yakapetwa-kaviri yakaoma yakaoma yakadhindwa bhodhi: – maviri-mativi emhangura-akapfeka mabhodhi – kuvhara – laminated – nc yekuboora gomba gomba – kuongorora, kutsvaira kukwesha – makemikari yakanamirwa (giraidhi metallization) – yakatetepa mhangura yakanamirwa (bhodhi izere) – kuongorora kukwesha -> skrini yekudhinda isina kunaka wedunhu mifananidzo, mushonga (yakaoma firimu / yakanyorovera firimu, kuburitsa nekusimudzira) – kuongorora uye kugadzirisa ndiro – mutsara giraidhi yekunamatira uye electroplating tini (ngura kuramba kwe nickel / goridhe) -> kudhinda zvinhu (kupfeka) – kuchenesa mhangura – (annealing tin ) kukwesha yakachena, inowanzo shandiswa giraidhi skrini yekudhinda kumisikidza kupisa kupisa girini mafuta (photosensitive yakaoma firimu kana nyoro firimu, kuratidzwa, kuvandudza uye kupisa kupisa, kazhinji kupisa kupisa photosensitive girini mafuta) uye kuoma kuchenesa, kuongorora kudhinda mucherechedzo hunhu magiraidhi, kurapa , (tini kana organic inodzivirirwa yekutenderera firimu) kugadzira kugadzira, kuchenesa, kuomesa kumagetsi ku-off kuyedza, kurongedza uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa.

Kubudikidza negomba metallization nzira yekugadzira multilayer maitiro kuyerera kune yemukati rukoko mhangura yakapetwa-mativi kucheka, kukwesha kubaya kumisikidza gomba, kunamatira kune yakaoma kupfeka kana kupfeka kuramba kuratidzira, kuvandudza uye etching uye firimu – yemukati coarsening uye oxidation – cheki yemukati – (yekunze mutsara kugadzirwa kweimwe-mativi emhangura akapfeka laminates, kubatanidza jira, ndiro yekubatanidza jira B – kurongedza kuongorora, kuboora chinzvimbo chegomba) kuita laminate, akati wandei kudzora kuchera -> Horo uye tarisa usati warapwa uye chemakemikari mhangura yakakwenenzverwa – yakazara bhodhi uye yakatetepa mhangura yakanamirwa pamadziro yekutarisa – kunamira pakuramba kuomesa firimu yakanamirwa pamoto kana kupfeka kune yekumiririra mumiririri kupfeka kuzasi kwekuratidzira, kusimudzira uye kugadzirisa ndiro – mutsara giraidhi electroplating – kana nickel / goridhe. ra uye electroplating tini inotungamira chiwanikwa kune firimu uye iyo etching – cheki – skrini yekudhinda yekudzivirira kuwelda magirafu kana mwenje inokonzeresa kurwisa kutema mifananidzo – yakadhindwa hunhu magiraidhi – (inopisa mweya yekumisikidza kana organic inodzivirirwa yekutenderera firimu) uye kuwanda kudzora Kushambidza chimiro → kuchenesa, kuomesa → kubatana kwemagetsi kuona → kupedzisa chigadzirwa kuongorora → kurongedza fekitori.

Inogona kuoneka kubva pane inoyerera kuyerera chati iyo multilayer maitiro inogadzirwa kubva kune maviri-kumeso metallization maitiro. Kuwedzera kune maviri-mativi maitiro, ine akati wandei zvirimo: metallized gomba mukati kubatanidza, kuchera uye epoxy kudonhedza, yekumisikidza system, lamination, uye yakakosha zvinhu.

Yedu yakajairika komputa bhodhi kadhi iri chaizvo epoxy girazi jira-maviri-mativi akadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi, iro rine rimwe divi rakaisirwa zvinhu uye rimwe divi chinhu chechikamu chetsoka kutenderera pamusoro, unogona kuona kuti majoini esoder anowanzoitika, chikamu chetsoka discrete welding pamusoro peaya majoini esolder tinoiti iyo pad. Sei dzimwe waya dzemhangura dzisina tini pavari? Nekuti mukuwedzera kune iyo solder ndiro uye zvimwe zvikamu zvekudiwa kwekunamatira, iyo yese yepasirese ine nhete yeiyo wave kuramba nemoto firimu. Yayo yepamusoro solder firimu inowanzo kuve yakasvibira, uye vashoma vanoshandisa yero, nhema, bhuruu, nezvimwewo, saka iyo solder mafuta inowanzozodaidzwa kuti green mafuta muIPBB indasitiri. Basa rayo nderekudzivirira wave wave welding bridge phenomenon, kunatsiridza mhando yemhando uye chengetedza solder uye zvichingodaro. Ichowo chigaro chekudzivirira chenguva dzose chebhodhi rakadhindwa, inogona kutamba chinzvimbo chehunyoro, ngura, chakuvhe uye kugadzirwa kwemishini. Kubva kunze, iko pamusoro kwakatsetseka uye kwakajeka girini ichivharira firimu, inova photosensitive kune firimu ndiro uye kupisa kurapa girini mafuta. Kwete chete kutaridzika kuri nani, zvakakosha kuti iyo pad chaiyo iri pamusoro, kuitira kuti ivandudze kuvimbika kweiyo solder mubatanidzwa.

Sezvo isu tichiona kubva kubhodhi bhodhi, zvikamu zvinoiswa munzira nhatu. Iyo plug-in yekumisikidza nzira yekutapurirana umo chinhu chemagetsi chinoiswa mukati-kuburikidza-gomba pane rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi. Zviri nyore kuona kuti maviri-mativi akadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi kuburikidza nemakomba ndeaya anotevera: imwe iri nyore chinhu chikamu isa gomba; Yechipiri ndiko kuiswa kwechinhu uye kubatana kwepadivi kaviri kuburikidza neburi; Nhatu yakapusa yakapetwa kaviri-kuburikidza nepaburi; Chechina ndiyo yekuisa ndiro yepasi uye yekuisa gomba. Idzi dzimwe nzira mbiri dzekumisikidza ndeyekumusoro kwepamusoro uye kukwidza chip zvakananga. Muchokwadi, chip yakananga yekumisikidza tekinoroji inogona kutariswa sebazi rekumusoro kusimudzira tekinoroji, ndiyo chip yakanamatira zvakananga kune rakadhindwa bhodhi, uyezve rakabatanidzwa kune rakadhindwa bhodhi netambo yekucheka nzira kana bhandi kurodha nzira, flip nzira, danda lead nzira uye imwe kavha tekinoroji. Icho chinotenderera pamusoro chiri pane chikamu chemukati.

Pamusoro yekumisikidza tekinoroji ine zvinotevera zvakanakira:

1) Nekuti iro rakadhindwa bhodhi rinobvisa hombe kuburikidza negomba kana yakavigwa gomba yekubatana tekinoroji, inovandudza wiring density pairi rakadhindwa bhodhi, inoderedza yakadhindwa bhodhi nzvimbo (kazhinji chetatu cheiyo plug-in yekuisa), uye inogona zvakare kudzikisa huwandu yemadhizaini ekugadzira uye mutengo webhodhi rakadhindwa.

2) Yakaderedzwa uremu, yakagadziriswa seismic performance, iko kushandiswa kweiyo colloidal solder uye nyowani yekutengesa tekinoroji, kugadzirisa chigadzirwa chigadzirwa uye kuvimbika.

3) Nekuda kwekuwedzera kweiyo wiring diki uye kupfupisa kwehurefu kureba, iyo chisvetasimba capacitance uye chisvetasimba inductance yakaderedzwa, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira mukuvandudza magetsi emagetsi ebhodhi rakadhindwa.

4) Zviri nyore kuona otomatiki pane plug-in yekumisikidza, kunatsiridza kumisikidza kumhanyisa uye nekushanda kwevashandi, uye kudzikisa gungano mutengo zvinoenderana.

Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamusoro pamusoro pekuchengetedza tekinoroji, iko kuvandudzwa kwedunhu bhodhi tekinoroji kunovandudzwa pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwechip chip yekugadzira tekinoroji uye yepamusoro yekumisikidza tekinoroji. Iyo komputa bhodhi iyo yatinoona izvozvi kadhi yayo yepamusoro pemuti inoisa mwero kuti ikwire isingaregi. Muchokwadi, irworwu rudzi rwedunhu bhodhi reuse kutapurirana skrini yekudhinda mutsara giraidhi haigone kusangana nehunyanzvi zvinodiwa. Naizvozvo, akajairwa epamusoro chaiwo wedunhu bhodhi, mutsetse wayo magiraidhi uye machena macrafti ari akanyatso kunetsekana wedunhu uye akareruka girini oiri kugadzirwa maitiro.

Pachine ruzivo rwakawanda rwehunyanzvi nezve yakadhindwa mabhodhi edunhu, uye neyakagadziriswa mamiriro ehuremu hwakakwira, pachave neakawanda uye mazhinji matekinoroji matsva. Heino ingori sumo yakapusa, ndinotarisira kuti unogona kupa rubatsiro kushamwari dzinofarira tekinoroji yePBB.