Ephrintiwe Circuie Board (I-PCB) ifushane ngeBhodi Yesifunda Ephrintiwe. Imvamisa ezintweni zokwambathisa, ngokusho komklamo onqunyelwe kusengaphambili, owenziwe ngesekethe ephrintiwe, izinto eziphrintiwe noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili ihluzo eziqhubayo ezibizwa ngesifunda esiphrintiwe. Ikhona cishe yonke imishini ye-elektroniki esiyibonayo engenakwenza ngaphandle kwayo, amawashi amancane kuya kogesi, ama-calculator, amakhompyutha ajwayelekile, kumakhompyutha, ezokuxhumana ngogesi, amasistimu ezikhali zamasosha, inqobo nje uma kukhona amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe nezinye izinto zikagesi, ukuxhumana kagesi phakathi kwabo bonke badinga ukusebenzisa i-PCB.

Igrafu eqhubayo yokuxhuma kagesi phakathi kwezingxenye ezinikezwe kwi-substrate yokuvikela ubizwa ngokuthi isifunda esiphrintiwe. Ngale ndlela, isifunda esiphrintiwe noma umugqa oprintiwe webhodi eliqediwe ubizwa ngokuthi ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhodi ephrintiwe noma ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Inikeza ukwesekwa kwemishini yokuhlangana okungaguquki kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi ezifana namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, iyabona ukuxhuma kwezintambo nokuxhuma kagesi noma ukwahlukanisa kagesi phakathi kwezakhi ezahlukahlukene zikagesi ezifana namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, futhi inikezela ngezici zikagesi ezidingekayo, njenge-impedance yesici, njll. Ngasikhathi sinye ukuhlinzeka nge-othomathikhi yokuvimba igrafu; Nikezela ngezinhlamvu zokuhlonza kanye nemidwebo yokufakwa kwezinto, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa.

Enziwa kanjani ama-PCBS? Lapho sivula isithupha sedrayivu yekhompiyutha ejwayelekile, singabona ifilimu elithambile (i-flexible insuring substrate) ephrintiwe ngemifanekiso yesiliva emhlophe (yesiliva) nemifanekiso engaba khona. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphrinta yesikrini yendawo yonke ukuthola leli grafu, ngakho-ke silibiza ngokuthi leli bhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe linamathisela isiliva lebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Okuhlukile kumabhodi womama, amakhadi wehluzo, amakhadi enethiwekhi, amamodemu, amakhadi womsindo namabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe ezintweni zasekhaya esizibona eComputer City. Izinto eziyisisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe zenziwe ngephepha lesisekelo (imvamisa lisetshenziselwa uhlangothi olulodwa) noma isendwangu sendwangu yengilazi (esivame ukusetshenziselwa uhlangothi olunamacala amabili nochungechunge oluningi), i-phenolic noma i-epoxy resin efakwe ngaphambili, uhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili zobuso ezinanyathiselwe incwadi yethusi bese kuphulukiswa ngopende. Lolu hlobo lwebhodi lesifunda luhlanganisa ibhodi lezincwadi zethusi, silibiza ngokuthi ibhodi eliqinile. Ngemuva kwalokho senza ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, silibiza ngokuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliqinile eliphrintiwe. Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinemidwebo yesifunda ephrintiwe ohlangothini olulodwa ibizwa ngebhodi lesifunda elilodwa eliphrintiwe, futhi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinemidwebo yesekethe ephrintiwe ezinhlangothini zombili lixhunywe ezinhlangothini zombili ngokusebenzisa insimbi yokwenza izimbobo, futhi sikubiza ngokuthi -phaneli. Uma usebenzisa ulwelwesi oluphindwe kabili, indlela eyodwa yoqweqwe lwangaphandle noma ulwelwesi olumbili, amabhulokhi amabili woqweqwe lwangaphandle olulodwa lwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, ngohlelo lokubeka izinto nangezinye izinto zokunamathisela zokunamathisela kanye nokuhlangana kwehluzo okwenziwe ngokuya ngemfuneko yedizayini yesekethe ephrintiwe ibhodi iba ngamabhodi wesifunda amane, ayisithupha wesifunda ephrintiwe, awaziwa nangokuthi ibhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe enhlobonhlobo. Manje kunezingqimba ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe asebenzayo.

Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ebandakanya izinqubo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ekusebenzeni okulula kwemishini kuya ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemishini, kufaka phakathi ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okuvamile, i-photochemistry, i-electrochemistry, i-thermochemistry nezinye izinqubo, ukwakheka okusizwa yikhompyutha (CAM) nolunye ulwazi . Futhi enqubeni yezinkinga zenqubo yokukhiqiza futhi izohlala ihlangabezana nezinkinga ezintsha futhi ezinye izinkinga ku azitholakalanga ukuthi isizathu siyanyamalala, ngoba inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza iwuhlobo lwendlela yomugqa eqhubekayo, noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okungalungile okungadala ukukhiqizwa ebhodini noma imiphumela yenani elikhulu lezinto ezilahliwe, ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe uma kungekho okusetshenziswayo kabusha, Abanjiniyela bezinqubo bangaba nengcindezi, onjiniyela abaningi bashiya imboni bayosebenza kwezentengiso nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe bemishini ye-PCB noma izinkampani zezinto zokwakha.

Ukuze uqhubeke nokuqonda i-PCB, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqonde inqubo yokukhiqiza yebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elekelela uhlangothi olulodwa kanye nebhodi ejwayelekile ye-multilayer, ukujulisa ukuqonda kwayo.

Ibhodi ephrintiwe ehlangothini elilodwa: – okugqokiwe ithusi okukodwa – ukungabi nalutho ukukhuhla, ukoma), ukubhola noma ukushaya isibhakela -> imigqa yokuphrinta kwesikrini iphethini egxiliwe noma ukusebenzisa ukumelana kwefilimu okomile ekwelapheni isheke lokulungisa ipuleti, ukufakwa kwethusi nokwomile ukumelana nezinto zokuphrinta, ukukhuhla, ukoma, ukumelana nokuphrinta kwesikrini Welding ihluzo (uwoyela oluhlaza oluvame ukusetshenziswa), UV elapha ukuze uhlamvu wokugubha ihluzo kwesikrini wokunyathelisa, UV elapha, preheating, isibhakela, futhi ukuma – kagesi ovulekile futhi iDemo test wesifunda – ukukhuhla, omiswe → pre-enamathela Welding anti-oxidant (ezomile) noma ithini-sishaye hot air yokululama → ukuhlolwa emaphaketheni → imikhiqizo eseqedile ifektri.

Amabhodi aphrintiwe anezinhlangothi ezimbili: – Amabhodi ambozwe ngethusi anezinhlangothi ezimbili – ukuvaleka ngamehlo – laminated – imbobo yomhlahlandlela we-nc drill – ukuhlolwa, ukukhuhla okwehla kwesikhumba – ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali (i-guide hole metallization) – ipuleti elincane lethusi (ibhodi eligcwele) – ukuhlolwa kokwehla -> ukuphrinta kwesikrini ihluzo zesekethe ezingezinhle, ikhambi (ifilimu eyomile / ifilimu emanzi, ukuvezwa nentuthuko) – ukuhlola nokulungisa amapuleti we-plate-line kanye ne-electroplating tin (ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-nickel / igolide) -> ukuphrinta impahla (ukumboza) – ithusi lokuchopha – (i-annealing tin ) ukukhuhla ukuhlanza okuhlanzekile, okuvame ukusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwesikrini ukushisa ukushisa ukuphulukisa uwoyela oluhlaza (ifilimu eyomile noma ifilimu emanzi, ukuvezwa, ukuthuthukiswa nokuphulukiswa kokushisa, imvamisa ukushisa ukuphulukisa uwoyela ohlaza okotshani) nokuhlanza okomile, ukuhlola imidwebo yezimpawu zemibhalo, ukuphulukisa , (ifilimu noma ifilimu le-Welding Welded organic) ukwakha ukucubungula, ukuhlanza, ukumisa ekuhloleni kukagesi okuvaliwe, ukupakisha nemikhiqizo eqediwe.

Ngokusebenzisa imbobo yensimbi yokwenza inqubo yokugeleza kwenqubo ye-multilayer iye kusika wangaphakathi wethusi ogqoke ukusika emaceleni omabili, khuhla ukubhoboza imbobo yokuma, unamathele enamatheni owomile noma enamathela ukumelana nokuchayeka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuchithwa kwefilimu – ukufutheka kwangaphakathi ne-oxidation – Isheke langaphakathi – (ukukhiqizwa komugqa wangaphandle wezingubo ezigqokiwe zethusi ezihlangene, ishidi lokuxhuma, ishidi lokuxhuma ipuleti B – ukuhlolwa koku-oda, imbobo yokubeka umgxobhozo) ukunamathisela, imishini eminingana yokulawula -> I-Hole bese uhlola ngaphambi kokwelashwa nokufakwa kophahla wamakhemikhali – ibhodi eligcwele nokuhlolwa kokumbozwa kwethusi elincane – namathela ekumelaneni nokufakwa kwefilimu noma ukumbozwa kumenzeli wokufaka ukuze ugqoke ukuvezwa okungezansi, ukuthuthukiswa nokulungisa ipuleti – umugqa wehluzo elenza i-electroplating – noma i-nickel / igolide i-plating ne-electroplating tin lead alloy kwifilimu kanye ne-etching – isheke – ukuphrinta kwesikrini sokumisa imidwebo yewelding noma imidwebo ekhanyisayo ye-welding graphing – ihluzo zezinhlamvu eziphrintiwe – (ukushisa komoya oshisayo noma ifilimu le-welded welding) nokulawulwa kwamanani Ukuwasha umumo → ukuhlanza, ukomisa → ukutholakala koxhumano kagesi → ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo okuqediwe → ukupakisha ifektri.

Kungabonakala kusuka eshadini lokugeleza kwenqubo ukuthi inqubo ye-multilayer ithuthukiswa kusuka enqubeni yensimbi enobuso obubili. Ngaphezu kwenqubo emaceleni amabili, inokuqukethwe okuyingqayizivele okuningana: imbobo yensimbi exhumene ngaphakathi, ukubhola nokuncipha kwe-epoxy, uhlelo lokubeka, ukuvikela, nezinto ezikhethekile.

Ikhadi lethu lebhodi lekhompyutha elijwayelekile ngokuyisisekelo liyibhodi lendawo epoxy ingilazi emaceleni emabili ephrintiwe, enecala elilodwa elifakwe izingxenye kanti olunye uhlangothi luyindawo yokushisela yonyawo lwenyawo, iyabona ukuthi amalunga e-solder ajwayelekile kakhulu, ingxenye yensimbi yokushisela ehlukile Ingaphezulu lalezi zinhlanganisela ze-solder silibiza ngokuthi iphedi. Kungani ezinye izintambo zethusi zingenathayela kuzo? Ngoba ngaphezu kwepuleti le-solder nezinye izingxenye zesidingo sokunamathisela ngomthofu, yonke enye indawo inengqimba yefilimu lokumelana ne-wave. Ifilimu yayo ye-solder enkulu iluhlaza okotshani, kanti abambalwa basebenzisa okuphuzi, okumnyama, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll., Ngakho-ke uwoyela we-solder uvame ukubizwa ngamafutha aluhlaza embonini ye-PCB. Umsebenzi wawo ukuvimbela i-wave welding bridge phenomenon, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-welding nokugcina i-solder njalonjalo. Kubuye kube ungqimba oluvikela unomphela webhodi eliphrintiwe, lungadlala indima yomswakama, ukugqwala, isikhutha nokuhuzuka ngomshini. Kusuka ngaphandle, ubuso bushelelezi futhi bukhanya ifilimu oluhlaza oluhlaza, olubukeka luqonde kupuleti lefilimu nokushisa kuphulukisa uwoyela oluhlaza. Akukhona ukubukeka okungcono kuphela, kubalulekile ukuthi ukunemba kwephedi kuphakeme, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kwejoyini le-solder.

Njengoba sikwazi ukubona ebhodini lekhompyutha, izingxenye zifakwa ngezindlela ezintathu. Inqubo yokufaka i-plug-in yokudlulisa lapho kufakwa khona into kagesi emgodini odlulayo ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Kulula ukubona ukuthi ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe emaceleni emigodini imi ngale ndlela elandelayo: enye imbobo yokufaka into elula; Okwesibili ukufakwa kwengxenye nokuxhuma okuhlangana okumbili emgodini; Isithathu sinamacala amabili alula ngembobo; Okune ukufakwa kwepuleti lesisekelo nomgodi wokubeka. Ezinye izindlela ezimbili zokufaka ukukhweza phezulu kanye nokufakwa kwe-chip ngqo. Eqinisweni, ubuchwepheshe bokufaka obucwiyiwe ngqo bungabhekwa njengegatsha lobuchwepheshe obukhuphuka ebusweni, yi-chip enamathele ngqo ebhodini eliphrintiwe, bese ixhunywe ebhodini eliphrintiwe ngendlela ye-welding noma indlela yokulayisha ibhande, indlela ye-flip, i-beam lead indlela nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha. Ingaphezulu le-welding liphezu kwengxenye yengxenye.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa ngaphezulu bunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1) Ngenxa yokuthi ibhodi eliphrintiwe lisusa enkulu ngokusebenzisa umgodi noma umgodi wokuxhuma umgodi wokungcwaba, ithuthukisa ukuminyana kwentambo ebhodini eliphrintiwe, inciphisa indawo yebhodi ephrintiwe (imvamisa ingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu yokufakwa kwe-plug-in), futhi inganciphisa nenombolo wezendlalelo zokwakhiwa nezindleko zebhodi eliphrintiwe.

2) Isisindo esehlisiwe, ukusebenza okuthuthukile kokuzamazama komhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwe-colloidal solder nobuchwepheshe obusha bokushisela, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuthembeka.

3) Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lezintambo kanye nokufinyezwa kobude bokuhola, amandla we-parasitic kanye ne-inductance ye-parasitic ancishisiwe, okulungele kakhulu ukwenza ngcono imingcele kagesi webhodi eliphrintiwe.

I-4) Kulula ukubona i-automation kunokufakwa kwe-plug-in, ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokufakwa nokusebenza komkhiqizo, nokunciphisa izindleko zomhlangano ngokufanele.

Njengoba kungabonakala kubuchwepheshe obungenhla bokuphepha komhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhodi lesifunda kuyathuthukiswa ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokupakisha i-chip nobuchwepheshe bokuphakama komhlaba. Ibhodi lamakhompiyutha esilibonayo manje linamakhadi okufakwa kwalo ebusweni lifaka izinga lokukhuphuka ngokungapheli. Eqinisweni, lolu hlobo lwebhodi lesifunda olusebenzisa kabusha ihluzo lokuphrinta kwesikrini lokudlulisa alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ibhodi lesifunda elijwayelekile lokunemba okuphezulu, ihluzo lalo lomugqa kanye nehluzo le-welding kuyisifunda esibucayi nokuzwela kwenqubo yokukhiqiza uwoyela oluhlaza.

Kusenolwazi oluningi lobuchwepheshe ngamabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe, futhi ngokuqhubeka kokuqina kwabantu abaningi, kuzoba nobuchwepheshe obusha obandayo. Nansi isingeniso esilula, ngethemba ukuthi unganikeza usizo kubangani abanentshisekelo kubuchwepheshe be-PCB.