Kusindikizidwa Circuie Board (PCB) ndichidule kwa Board yosindikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri pazinthu zotchingira, kutengera makonzedwe omwe adakonzedweratu, opangidwa ndi makina osindikizidwa, zigawo zosindikizidwa kapena kuphatikiza kwa zithunzi zonse zotsogola zotchedwa dera losindikizidwa. Zilipo pafupifupi zida zonse zamagetsi zomwe titha kuwona sizingachite popanda izo, mawotchi ang’onoang’ono pamagetsi, ma makina owerengera, makompyuta onse, makompyuta, kulumikizana ndi zida zamagetsi, zida zankhondo, bola ngati pali ma circuits ophatikizika ndi zida zina zamagetsi, kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pawo onse ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito PCB.

Gulu loyendetsa bwino lolumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pazinthu zoperekedwa pagawo lotetezera limatchedwa dera losindikizidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, makina osindikizidwa kapena mzere wosindikizidwa wa board yomalizidwa amatchedwa board board, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti board yosindikizidwa kapena board board. Amapereka chithandizo chamakina pamisonkhano yokhazikitsidwa yazipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi monga ma circuits ophatikizika, imazindikira kulumikizana kwa magetsi ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi kapena kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi pakati pazinthu zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana monga ma circuits ophatikizika, ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe amagetsi, monga ma impedance amakanema, ndi zina zambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo kupereka zodziwikiratu solder kutsekereza graph; Fotokozerani zilembo ndi zithunzi kuti mupangitse kukhazikitsa, kuyang’anira ndi kukonza.

Kodi PCBS amapangidwa bwanji? Titsegula chala chamakompyuta chazonse, titha kuwona kanema wofewa (wosinthasintha gawo lotetezera) wosindikizidwa ndi zoyera zasiliva zoyera (zithunzi zasiliva) ndi zithunzi zomwe zingakhalepo. Chifukwa cha njira yosindikizira pazenera kuti tipeze graph iyi, chifukwa chake timayitcha kuti board board yosindikiza yosinthasintha board yosindikiza. Mosiyana ndi ma boardboard, ma makadi ojambula, ma kirediti network, ma modem, makhadi omvera ndi ma board osindikizidwa pazida zapanyumba zomwe timawona ku Computer City. Zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito amapangidwa ndi pepala (lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mbali imodzi) kapena nsalu yamagalasi (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza mbali ziwiri). mkuwa buku kenako laminated kuchiritsa. Gulu lamtunduwu limakhudza bolodi lamkuwa, timalitcha bolodi yolimba. Kenako timapanga bolodi losindikiza, timalitcha bolodi yosanjikiza yolimba. Bokosi losindikizidwa lokhala ndi zithunzi zosindikizidwa mbali imodzi limatchedwa bolodi yosanjikiza ya mbali imodzi, ndipo bolodi losindikizidwa lokhala ndi zithunzi zosindikizidwa mbali zonsezo limalumikizidwa mbali zonse ziwiri kudzera pakulimba kwa mabowo, ndipo timalitcha kutiwiri -panelo. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira ziwiri, njira ziwiri zosanjikiza zakunja kapena zolumikizira ziwiri, mabuloko awiri osanjikiza akunja a bolodi losindikizidwa, kudzera pamakina oyikapo ndi zinthu zina zomatira zotchingira komanso kulumikizana kwazithunzi mogwirizana bolodi amakhala anayi, asanu wosanjikiza kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, amatchedwanso multilayer kusindikizidwa dera bolodi. Tsopano pali zigawo zoposa 100 zama board osindikizidwa othandiza.

Kupanga kwa PCB kumakhala kovuta, komwe kumakhudza njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kukonza makina mpaka kukonza makina, kuphatikiza machitidwe amachitidwe, photochemistry, electrochemistry, thermochemistry ndi njira zina, kapangidwe kothandizidwa ndi makompyuta (CAM) ndi chidziwitso china . Ndipo pakakhala zovuta pakupanga ndipo nthawi zonse amakumana ndi mavuto ena ndipo mavuto ena sanapeze chifukwa chake chimazimiririka, chifukwa kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa mzere wopitilira, ulalo uliwonse wolakwika ungapangitse kupanga kudera lonse kapena zotsatira za zidutswa zambiri, kusindikizidwa kwa bolodi loyenda ngati kulibe zotsalira zobwezeretsanso, Akatswiri opanga ma processor amatha kukhala opanikiza, mainjiniya ambiri amasiya ntchito kuti akagulitse ndi ntchito zaukadaulo za zida za PCB kapena makampani azinthu.

Pofuna kumvetsetsa PCB, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito amtundu umodzi, wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zosindikizira ndi bolodi wamba wa multilayer, kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwake.

Makina osindikizira okhwima okha: – chovala chamkuwa chokhachokha – chosalaza, chowuma), kuboola kapena kukhomerera -> mizere yosindikiza pazenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kanema wouma kukana kuchiza mbale yolembetsera, mkuwa wamkuwa ndi wouma kukana zinthu zosindikiza, kukanda, kuuma, kukana kusindikiza pazenera zithunzi zowotcherera (mafuta obiriwira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri), kuchiritsa kwa UV kuwonetsa makina osindikiza pazithunzi, kuchiritsa kwa UV, kutentha, kukhomerera, ndi mawonekedwe – kuyeserera kwamagetsi ndi mayeso amfupi – kusesa, kuyanika → pre-coating kuyanika kuwotcherera odana ndi okosijeni (youma) kapena malata-kupopera otentha mpweya kukhazikika → anayendera ma CD → yomalizidwa mankhwala fakitale.

Bokosi losindikizidwa kawiri: – matabwa azovala zazitsulo zamkuwa – blanking – laminated – nc drill guide hole – kuyendera, kusungunula kopukutira – kupaka mankhwala (kalozera dzenje lazitsulo) – zopaka zamkuwa zopyapyala (bolodi lathunthu) – zowunikira – -> kusindikiza pazithunzi zojambula zoyipa, machiritso (kanema wouma / filimu yonyowa, kuwonekera ndi chitukuko) – kuyendera ndikukonza mapangidwe azithunzi za mbale – mbale yolumikizira (dzimbiri / nickel) ) kupukuta zoyera, zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazithunzi zosindikizira kukana kutentha kwa mafuta obiriwira (kanema wowoneka bwino kapena kanema wonyowa, kuwonekera, chitukuko ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, nthawi zambiri kutentha kumachiritsa mafuta obiriwira obiriwira) ndikuyeretsa kouma, kuwonetsa zojambula zojambula, kuchiritsa , (malata kapena kanema wotetezedwa ndi kanema) kuti apange kukonza, kuyeretsa, kuyanika pamagetsi oyesera, kulongedza ndi zomaliza.

Kudzera njira ya metallization yopanga njira yama multilayer yoyenda mpaka mkati wosanjikiza wamkuwa wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri, kutsuka kuti kuboola masanjidwe, kumamatira pachipilala chouma kapena zokutira kuti mupewe kuwonekera, chitukuko ndi kutentha ndi kanema – kuzizira kwamkati ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni – cheke chamkati – (mzere wakunja wopanga ma laminates amkuwa amtundu umodzi, pepala lokulumikiza, pepala lolumikizira mbale B – kuyang’anira, kubowola poyikapo dzenje) kuti muthane, kuboola zingapo -> Dzenje ndikuwunika musanalandire chithandizo ndi ma plating amkuwa – bolodi yathunthu ndikuwunika koyika kophatikizana kwamkuwa – gwiritsirani ntchito kukana kuyanika kwa kanema kapena zokutira kwa wothandizila kuti avale pansi, chitukuko ndikukonzekera mbale – mzere wazithunzi zamagetsi – kapena faifi tambala / golide zokutira ndi kusanja malata otsogolera aloyi ku kanema ndikuwononga – cheke – kusindikiza pazithunzi zosawotcherera zithunzi kapena zithunzi zowunikira zotsalira – zithunzi zosindikizidwa – (kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha kapena kanema wotetezedwa ndi organic) ndikuwongolera manambala Kusamba mawonekedwe → kuyeretsa, kuyanika → kulumikiza kwa magetsi → kuyang’anira kuyesedwa kwa mankhwala → fakitale yolongedza.

Titha kuwona kuchokera pa tchati chakutuluka komwe njira yama multilayer imapangidwa kuchokera pamakina azitsulo zazitsulo ziwiri. Kuphatikiza pa njira ziwiri, ili ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera: metallized hole interconnect, kuboola ndi epoxy decontamination, systeming, lamination, ndi zida zapadera.

Khadi lathu lofala lamakompyuta limakhala epoxy galasi lansalu yamagawo awiri osindikizidwa, omwe ali ndi mbali imodzi amalowetsedwera mbali inayo ndi mbali ina yophatikizira phazi, amatha kuwona kuti zolumikizira za solder ndizowoneka bwino, gawo lazitsulo zophatikizira Pamwamba pamalumikizidwe awa a solder timatcha pad. Chifukwa chiyani mawaya ena amkuwa alibe malata? Chifukwa kuwonjezera pa mbale ya solder ndi mbali zina zakufunika kwa soldering, malo ena onse amakhala ndi kanema wosanjikiza wamawonekedwe osakanikirana. Mafilimu ake otsekemera amakhala obiriwira, ndipo ochepa amagwiritsa ntchito chikasu, chakuda, buluu, ndi zina zambiri. Ntchito yake ndikuletsa mawonekedwe a mlatho wowotchera, kukonza mawonekedwe ndi kuwotcha ndi zina zotero. Ndiwotchinjiriza kosatha kwa bolodi losindikizidwa, imatha kusewera ndi chinyezi, dzimbiri, cinoni ndi kumva kuwawa kwa makina. Kuchokera panja, pamwamba pake pamakhala bwino komanso wowoneka bwino wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe umakhala wowoneka bwino pa mbale yamafilimu ndi kutentha komwe kumachiritsa mafuta obiriwira. Sikuti mawonekedwe okha ndiabwino, ndikofunikira kuti kulondola kwa pad ndikokwera, kuti pakhale kudalirika kwa cholumikizira cha solder.

Monga tikuwonera kuchokera pa bolodi la makompyuta, zida zimayikidwa m’njira zitatu. Ndondomeko yokonzera plug-in yofalitsira momwe zida zamagetsi zimayikidwa mu dzenje lapa bolodi losindikizidwa. Ndikosavuta kuwona kuti bolodi loyenda pamitundu iwiri kudzera m’mabowo ndi awa: imodzi ndi gawo losavuta lowonjezera; Chachiwiri ndikulowetsa gawo ndi kulumikizana kwaziphatikizi kudzera poboola; Zitatu ndizosanjikiza kawiri kupyola mdzenje; Chachinayi ndikukhazikitsa mbale yoyikira ndi dzenje loyikira. Njira ziwiri zowonjezerazi ndizokwera pamwamba ndi kukweza kwa chip mwachindunji. M’malo mwake, ukadaulo wa chip wolunjika ukhoza kuonedwa ngati nthambi yaukadaulo wapamwamba, ndi chip cholumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi bolodi losindikizidwa, kenako ndikulumikizidwa ndi bolodi losindikizidwa ndi njira yowotcherera waya kapena njira yokhotakhota, njira yoyambira, mtengo wotsogola njira ndi zina ma CD luso. Pamwamba powotcherera pamtundu wapano.

Ukadaulo wokwera pamwamba uli ndi maubwino awa:

1) Chifukwa bolodi lomwe limasindikizidwa limachotsa kwakukulu kudzera muukadaulo kapena ukadaulo wolumikizidwa wa dzenje, limathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwa bolodi pa bolodi losindikizidwa, kumachepetsa malo osindikizira (makamaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kukhazikitsa kwa pulagi), komanso kumachepetsa kuchuluka yazakapangidwe kapangidwe kake ndi mtengo wa zomwe zidasindikizidwa.

2) Kuchepetsa kulemera, magwiridwe antchito am’madzi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa colloidal solder ndi ukadaulo watsopano, kuwongolera mtundu wazogulitsa komanso kudalirika.

3) Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe ka zingwe komanso kufupikitsa kutalika kwa lead, mphamvu yamatenda ndi kuchepa kwa parasitic kwachepetsedwa, komwe kumathandizira kukweza magawo amagetsi a bolodi losindikizidwa.

4) Ndikosavuta kuzindikira zokhazokha kuposa kukhazikitsa kolowera, kukonza liwiro lokonzekera ndi zokolola pantchito, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamisonkhano moyenera.

Monga tingawonere kuchokera paukadaulo wapamwamba wotetezera pamwambapa, kusintha kwa ukadaulo wa board yoyenda kumawongoleredwa ndikusintha kwa ukadaulo wa chip ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba. Bokosi lamakompyuta lomwe tikuwona tsopano lili ndi chikwangwani chake chapamwamba chimakhazikitsa milingo yokwera mosalekeza. M’malo mwake, mtundu uwu wama board omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito makina osindikizira osindikizira sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Chifukwa chake, bolodi wamba wodalirika, mzere wake wazithunzi ndi zojambula zowotcherera ndizoyang’anira dera komanso makina opanga mafuta obiriwira.

Pakadali chidziwitso chambiri chazambiri zama board osindikizidwa, ndipo ndikukula kwachulukidwe, padzakhala ukadaulo watsopano. Nawo mawu oyamba osavuta, ndikhulupilira mutha kuthandiza anzanu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi ukadaulo wa PCB.