In PCB kamangidwe ka masanjidwe, pali njira zonse zowonjezerera kuchuluka kwa masanjidwe. Apa, tikukupatsirani njira zabwino zosinthira masinthidwe ndi kapangidwe kake kamangidwe ka PCB, zomwe sizimangopulumutsa kuzungulira kwa polojekiti kwa makasitomala, komanso kumakulitsa Malire amatsimikizira mtundu wa zomwe zidapangidwa.

1. kudziwa chiwerengero cha zigawo za PCB

Kukula kwa bolodi la dera ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo za wiring ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe. Ngati mapangidwewo amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagulu amtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wamagulu (BGA), kuchuluka kwa ma waya omwe amafunikira kuti azilumikiza zida izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Chiwerengero cha zigawo za mawaya ndi njira yosungiramo zinthu zidzakhudza mwachindunji mawaya ndi kulepheretsa mizere yosindikizidwa. Kukula kwa bolodi kumathandizira kudziwa njira ya stacking ndi m’lifupi mwa mzere wosindikizidwa kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna kupanga.

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zigawo za bolodi la dera, kutsika mtengo, koma pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wopanga bwalo la dera. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa matabwa a multilayer kwachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zambiri zozungulira ndikugawa mofanana mkuwa, kuti musazindikire kuti zizindikiro zochepa sizikugwirizana ndi malamulo omwe atchulidwa komanso zofunikira za malo kumapeto kwa mapangidwe, motero. amakakamizika kuwonjezera zigawo zatsopano. Kukonzekera mosamala musanayambe kupanga kudzachepetsa mavuto ambiri mu waya.

2. malamulo kapangidwe ndi zoletsa

Chida chodzipangira chokha sichidziwa choti chichite. Kuti amalize ntchito yolumikizira ma waya, chida cholumikizira chimayenera kugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo ndi zoletsa zolondola. Mizere yama siginecha yosiyana imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamawaya. Mizere yonse yazizindikiro yokhala ndi zofunikira zapadera iyenera kugawidwa m’magulu, ndipo magulu osiyanasiyana amapangidwe ndi osiyana. Gulu lililonse lazizindikiro liyenera kukhala loyambirira, lokwera kwambiri, malamulo okhwima. Malamulowa akuphatikizapo m’lifupi mwa mizere yosindikizidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma vias, kuchuluka kwa kufanana, kukopana pakati pa mizere yosindikizira, ndi kuchepetsa zigawo. Malamulowa ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito chida cholumikizira ma waya. Kuganizira mozama zofunikira za mapangidwe ndi sitepe yofunikira pa mawaya opambana.

3. kamangidwe ka zigawo zikuluzikulu

Pofuna kukhathamiritsa ndondomeko ya msonkhano, malamulo a Design for Manufacturability (DFM) adzaletsa masanjidwe a zigawo. Ngati dipatimenti ya msonkhano imalola kuti zigawozo zisunthike, dera likhoza kukonzedwa bwino, lomwe limakhala losavuta kwa mawaya okha. Malamulo ofotokozedwa ndi zopinga zidzakhudza mapangidwe apangidwe.

Njira yolowera (njira yolowera) ndi malo opitilira muyeso iyenera kuganiziridwa pakusanja. Njira ndi maderawa ndi odziwikiratu kwa wopanga, koma chida chodzipangira chokha chimangoganizira chizindikiro chimodzi panthawi imodzi. Pokhazikitsa zopinga zamayendedwe ndikuyika mzere wa mzere wa siginecha, chida cholumikizira chimatha kupangidwa monga momwe wopanga amaganizira.

4. Mapangidwe a fan-out

Mu gawo la mapangidwe a fan-out, kuti athe zida zosinthira zokha kuti zilumikize zikhomo zachigawo, pini iliyonse ya chipangizo chokwera pamwamba iyenera kukhala ndi imodzi kudzera, kotero kuti pakufunika maulumikizidwe ambiri, bolodi yozungulira ikhoza kukhala yolumikizidwa mkati, pa intaneti. kuyesa (ICT) ndi kukonzanso dera.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la chida chodzipangira okha, chachikulu kwambiri kudzera mu kukula ndi mzere wosindikizidwa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe mungathere, ndipo nthawiyo imayikidwa kuti ikhale 50mil. Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa kudzera womwe umakulitsa kuchuluka kwa njira zamanjira. Mukamapanga mawonekedwe a fan-out, ndikofunikira kuganizira za vuto la kuyesa kwapaintaneti. Mayesero amatha kukhala okwera mtengo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalamulidwa akatsala pang’ono kupanga zonse. Mukangoganizira zowonjezera ma node kuti mukwaniritse 100% kuyesa, kudzakhala mochedwa.

Pambuyo poganizira mozama komanso kulosera, mapangidwe a mayeso a pa intaneti amatha kuchitika koyambirira kwa mapangidwewo ndikuzindikira pambuyo pake popanga. Mtundu wa kudzera pa fan-out umatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi njira yolumikizira waya komanso kuyesa kwapaintaneti. Kuyika kwamagetsi ndi kuyika pansi kudzakhudzanso mapangidwe a mawaya ndi ma fan-out. . Pofuna kuchepetsa reactance inductive kwaiye kugwirizana mzere wa fyuluta capacitor, vias ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi zikhomo za pamwamba phiri chipangizo, ndi mawaya Buku angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati n’koyenera. Izi zitha kukhudza njira yolumikizira ma waya yomwe inkaganiziridwa poyamba, ndipo zitha kukupangitsani kuti muganizirenso mtundu wa njira yoti mugwiritse ntchito, kotero ubale pakati pa kudzera ndi pini inductance uyenera kuganiziridwa ndipo chofunikira kwambiri pazidziwitso chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa.