Iyada oo qayb muhiim ah ka ah alaabta elektiroonigga ah, guddiga wareegsan oo daabacan (PCB) wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door muhiim ah xaqiijinta shaqada alaabada elektiroonigga ah, taas oo horseedaysa ahmiyadda sii kordheysa ee naqshadeynta PCB, maxaa yeelay waxqabadka naqshadeynta PCB wuxuu si toos ah u go’aamiyaa shaqada iyo qiimaha alaabada elektiroonigga ah. Naqshadeynta PCB -ga wanaagsan waxay ka ilaalin kartaa alaabada elektiroonigga ah dhibaatooyin badan, sidaas darteed waxay hubineysaa in alaabada si habsami leh loo soo saari karo loona dabooli karo dhammaan baahiyaha codsiyada wax ku oolka ah.

Dhammaan walxaha wax ku biiriya naqshadeynta PCB, Naqshadaynta wax soo saarka (DFM) gabi ahaanba waa lama huraan maxaa yeelay waxay isku xireysaa naqshadda PCB -ga iyo soo -saaridda PCB si loo helo dhibaatooyin waqti hore oo lagu xaliyo waqtiga wareegga nolosha ee alaabada elektiroonigga ah. One myth is that the complexity of PCB design will increase as manufacturability of electronics is considered at the PCB design stage. In the design life cycle of electronic products, DFM can not only make electronic products participate in automatic production smoothly, and save labor costs in the manufacturing process, but also effectively shorten the manufacturing time to ensure the timely completion of the final electronic products.

Wax soo saar PCB

Marka la isku daro wax -soo -saarka iyo naqshadda PCB, naqshadeynta wax -soo -saarku waa qodob muhiim ah oo horseed u ah wax -soo -saar hufan, tayo sare leh iyo qiime jaban. The research of PCB manufacturability covers a wide range, usually divided into PCB manufacturing and PCB assembly.

LPCB production

For PCB manufacturing, the following aspects should be considered: PCB size, PCB shape, process edge and Mark point. Haddii dhinacyadan aan si buuxda loo tixgelin marxaladda naqshadeynta PCB, mashiinnada wax lagu dhejiyo ee si otomaatig ah ayaa laga yaabaa inaysan awoodin inay aqbalaan guddiyada PCB ee la diyaariyey haddii aan la qaadin tallaabooyin wax -qabad oo dheeri ah. Kaaga sii darane, taarikada qaar si toos ah looma samayn karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo alxanka gacanta. As a result, the manufacturing cycle will be longer and labor costs will increase.

1. PCB size

Fiile kasta oo guntin leh wuxuu leeyahay cabbirka PCB -ga la rabo, kaas oo ku kala duwan sida ay u kala duwan yihiin rakibayaasha kasta. Tusaale ahaan, rakibiyaha chip wuxuu aqbalaa cabbirka ugu sarreeya PCB ee 500mm * 450mm iyo cabbirka PCB ugu yar ee 30mm * 30mm. Tani micnaheedu ma aha inaanan xamili karin qaybaha guddiga PCB -ka ee ka yar 30mm illaa 30mm, waxayna ku tiirsanaan karaan looxyada jigsaw marka loo baahdo cabbirro yaryar. Markaad ku tiirsanaan karto oo keliya rakibidda gacanta iyo kharashyada shaqadu ay sii kordhayaan oo wareegyada wax -soo -saarku ay ka baxsan yihiin xakamaynta, mashiinnada SMT -chip -ka waligood ma aqbali doonaan guddiyada PCB oo aad u weyn ama aad u yar. Therefore, in the PCB design stage, the PCB size requirements set by automatic installation and manufacturing must be fully considered, and it must be controlled within the effective range.

Jaantuska soo socda ayaa muujinaya dokumentiga naqshadaynta guddiga PCB oo ay dhammaystirtay software Huaqiu DFM. Sida loox 5 × 2, cutub kasta oo laba jibbaaran waa hal xabbadood, oo cabirkeedu yahay 50mm 20mm. The connection between each unit is achieved by V-cut/V-scoring technology. In this image, the entire square is shown with a final size of 100mm by 100mm. Marka la eego shuruudaha kor ku xusan, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in cabirka guddigu ku jiro xadka la aqbali karo.

2. PCB shape

In addition to PCB size, all chip SMT machines have requirements for PCB shape. PCB -ga caadiga ah waa inuu ahaadaa qaab afargeesle leh oo dherer ilaa saamiga ballaadhkiisu yahay 4: 3 ama 5: 4 (ugu fiican). If the PCB is irregularly shaped, additional measures must be taken prior to SMT assembly, resulting in increased costs. Si looga hortago inay taasi dhacdo, PCB -ga waa in loo qaabeeyaa qaab caadi ah inta lagu jiro marxaladda naqshadeynta PCB si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha SMT. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani way adag tahay in la sameeyo ficil ahaan. Marka qaabka qaar ka mid ah alaabta elektaroonigga ah ay noqoto mid aan joogto ahayn, godadka shaambadda waa in la isticmaalaa si PCB -ga ugu dambeeya loo siiyo qaab caadi ah. Marka la soo ururiyo, wareeriyayaal kaabayaal ah oo aan laga maarmi karin ayaa laga saari karaa PCB -ga si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha rakibaadda otomaatiga ah iyo meelaha bannaan.

Sawirka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa PCB -ga oo leh qaab aan joogto ahayn, iyo geeska wax -qabadka waxaa ku daray software Huaqiu DFM. The whole circuit board size is 80mm * 52mm, and the square area is the size of the actual PCB. The size of the upper right corner area is 40mm by 20mm, which is the auxiliary craft edge produced by the bridge of the stamp hole.

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3. Dhinaca geedi socodka

To meet the requirements of automatic manufacturing, process edges must be placed on the PCB to secure the PCB.

Heerka naqshadeynta PCB, geeska geedi socodka ballaaran ee 5mm waa in horay loo sii dhigaa, iyada oo aan laga tagin wax qaybo ah iyo fiilooyin. Hagaha farsamada waxaa badanaa la dhigaa dhinaca gaaban ee PCB, laakiin dhinaca gaagaaban ayaa la dooran karaa marka saamiga dhinacyadu ka badan yahay 80%. Kulanka ka dib, geeska geedi socodka ayaa laga saari karaa door wax soo saar oo kaabayaal ah.

4. Mark point

For PCBS with components installed, Mark points should be added as a common reference point to ensure that component locations are accurately determined for each assembly device. Sidaa darteed, Calaamadaha Calaamaduhu waa halbeegyada wax -soo -saarka SMT ee looga baahan yahay wax -soo -saarka otomaatiga ah.

Components require 2 Mark points and PCBS require 3 Mark points. These marks should be placed on the edges of the PCB board and cover all SMT components. Masaafada u dhexeysa barta Mark iyo geeska saxanka waa inay ahaataa ugu yaraan 5mm. PCBS-yada leh qaybaha SMT ee labada dhinac leh, Calaamadaha waa in la dhigaa labada dhinacba. If the components are too close together to place Mark points on the board, they can be placed on the edge of the process.

LPCB assembly

Shirka PCB, ama PCBA marka la soo gaabiyo, dhab ahaantii waa geedi socodka alxanka ee looxyada qaawan. Si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha wax -soo -saarka otomaatiga ah, shirka PCB wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo loogu talagalay xirmada shirka iyo qaabeynta shirka.

1. Baakadaha qaybaha

Inta lagu jiro naqshadaynta PCBA, haddii baakadaha qaybtu aysan buuxin heerarka ku habboon oo qaybaha ay aad isugu dhow yihiin, rakibidda otomaatiga ah ma dhici doonto.

Si aad u hesho baakadaha qaybaha ugu fiican, software naqshadeynta EDA ee xirfadda leh waa in loo adeegsadaa si loogu hoggaansamo heerarka baakadaha qaybaha caalamiga ah. During PCB design, the aerial view area must not overlap with other areas, and the automatic IC SMT machine will be able to accurately identify and mount the surface.

2. Component layout

Qaab -dhismeedka qaybaha waa hawl muhiim u ah naqshadeynta PCB maxaa yeelay wax -qabadkiisu wuxuu si toos ah ula xiriiraa kakanaanta muuqaalka PCB iyo habka wax -soo -saarka.

Inta lagu guda jiro qaabaynta qaybaha, waa in la go’aamiyaa sagxadda isu -imaatinka ee qaybaha SMD iyo THD. Halkaan, waxaan u dhignay PCB -ga hore sida qaybta A iyo xagga dambe sida qaybta B. The assembly layout should consider the assembly form, including single layer single package assembly, double layer single package assembly, single layer mixed package assembly, Side A mixed package and side B single package assembly and side A THD and side B SMD assembly. Kulammada kala duwan waxay u baahan yihiin habab wax soo saar iyo farsamooyin kala duwan. Therefore, in terms of component layout, the best component layout should be selected to make manufacturing simple and easy, so as to improve the manufacturing efficiency of the whole process.

In addition, consideration must be given to the orientation of component layout, spacing between components, heat dissipation, and component height.

Guud ahaan, jihaynta qaybaha waa inay ahaataa mid joogto ah. Components are laid out in accordance with the principle of minimum tracking distance, based on which components with polarity markers should have uniform polarity directions, and components without polarity markers should be neatly aligned along the X or Y axis. Dhererka qaybtu waa inuu ahaadaa ilaa 4mm, iyo jihada gudbinta ee u dhexeysa qaybta iyo PCB waa inay ahaataa 90 °.

Si loo hagaajiyo xawaaraha alxanka ee qaybaha oo loo fududeeyo kormeerka xiga, kala fogaanshaha qaybaha waa inay ahaataa mid joogto ah. Components in the same network should be close to each other and a safe distance should be left between different networks according to the voltage drop. Shaashadda silk -ga iyo suufka waa inaysan is -dul saarin, haddii kale qaybaha lama rakibi doono.

Due to the actual operating temperature of the PCB and the thermal characteristics of the electrical components, heat dissipation should be considered. Qaab -dhismeedka qaybaha waa in ay xoogga saaraan kala -baxa kuleylka. Haddii loo baahdo, isticmaal marawaxad ama weelka kuleylka. Kuleyliyaha ku habboon waa in loo xushaa qaybaha korontada iyo qeybaha xasaasiga ah kuleylka waa in laga fogeeyo kuleylka. Qeybta sare waa in la dhigaa ka dib qeybta hoose.

Faahfaahin dheeraad ah waa in diiradda la saaraa PCB DFM, iyo waaya -aragnimadu waa inay ku urursan tahay ficil ahaan. Tusaale ahaan, shuruudaha nashqadda PCB-ga ee xawaaraha sare leh waxay leeyihiin shuruudo impedance oo gaar ah waana in lagala hadlaa soo-saaraha guddiga ka hor inta aan la samayn wax-soo-saar dhab ah si loo go’aamiyo is-dul-taag iyo xog-qaadis. Si loogu diyaariyo wax-soo-saarka looxyada PCB-ga oo cabbirkoodu yar yahay oo leh fiilooyin cufan, baaxadda ugu yar ee xarkaha iyo awoodda wax-soo-saarka dhexroorka daloolka waa in lagala hadlaa soo-saaraha PCB si loo hubiyo soo-saaridda habsami leh ee PCBS-kan.