He aha kahi PCB puka-puka a no ke aha he mea nui ia papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia? Pono kahi PCB ma o nā puka a i ʻole nā ​​lua e hoʻopili i kāna mau papa. Understanding the standard through-hole sizes used by PCB manufacturers can help you design boards to meet common bit sizes.

Maʻamau ma o ka nui o ka lua

Loaʻa i nā mea hana PCB kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī o nā nui puka maʻamau e koho ai i ka wā e ʻeli ana i nā lua, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana maʻamau i ka nui o ka puka maʻamau. Ma ka laulā, hiki i nā mea hana PCB ke hana i ke anawaena o PCB ma o nā lua e like me ka 0.15 mm, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui maʻamau o 0.6 mm.

PCB ma-puka nui koi

ʻO kēia kahi noiʻi hohonu o nā koina nui.

PCB ma o ka nui o ka lua

Hiki ke loli ka nui o kahi PCB ma o ka lua e pili ana i kona wahi, hoʻohana, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu e hāʻawi ai kēlā me kēia mea hana PCB i nā nui iki o PCB. Most manufacturers can make holes as small as 0.15 mm or larger holes of 1 mm or larger. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka nui o ka lua e koi ai, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ke apo a i ʻole ke keleawe keleawe e pili ana i ka lua, e hana ana.

How do you calculate rings? The ideal ring is equal to the sum of the diameter of the copper pad minus the diameter of the drill hole divided by 2, which gives the rig the best chance of hitting the center of the pad for optimal connectivity.

Maʻamau ma o ka nui o ka lua

ʻAʻole pono kekahi PCB ma waena o ka lua o ka nui ma ka hana ʻana PCB, ʻoiai ka maʻamau o ka nui o ka PCB ma waena o ka puka i loli pinepine ʻia mai ka mea hana i ka mea hana PCB. Eia nō naʻe, makemake nui nā mea hana PCB e hoʻohana i nā nui liʻiliʻi, a hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi ma ke ʻano he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi PCB. ʻO kekahi o nā nui maʻamau ʻo 0.6 mm, akā 0.2 mm a me 0.3 mm hoʻi e hoʻohana maʻamau.

Type of PCB through hole

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kēlā me kēia maʻamau ma o ka nui o ka puka e hana i nā ʻano like o PCB ma o nā lua, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka papa, kūkulu, hoʻolālā, a me ke kumu o ka PCB. ʻO ʻekolu mau ʻano PCB ma o ka puka nui nā:

Kau ʻia ma o ka lua

ʻO nā electroplated through-hole (PTH) nā puka-lua e holo i nā papa āpau o kahi PCB e hoʻohui i nā papa luna a me lalo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā PTH mai kekahi wēlau o ka PCB a i kekahi. Pākuʻi ʻia paha ʻo PTH a i ʻole papa ʻole. ʻAʻole plated nā lua i loko o nā lua i ka uila, akā hoʻopili ʻia i nā puka i electroplated, ʻo ia hoʻi alakaʻi lākou i ka uila i nā papa āpau o ka PCB.

Lua makapō

Blind holes connect the outer (top or bottom) layers of the PCB to one or more inner layers, but do not completely drill through the board. Precise drilling of blind holes can be challenging, so they are typically more expensive to manufacture than PTH.

i loko iho

Embedded holes can also increase the cost of PCB because they are difficult to manufacture. The holes are located in the inner layer of the PCB to connect two or more inner layers. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea i kanu ʻia ma ka papa waho o PCB.

Nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai

Aia kekahi mau mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi PCB. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka lākiō hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻolālā PCB. The aspect ratio is the PCB thickness relative to the diameter of the through hole, which determines the reliability of the copper plating on the PCB. The higher the ratio, the more difficult it is to obtain reliable plating, which affects the type of hole and plating method you choose.

Hiki ke lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā puka i paʻa a makapō paha i kāu PCB me ka lākiō hiʻohiʻona o 15: 1, ʻoiai e hiki ke hana maikaʻi ʻo PTH me ka lakio haʻahaʻa o 2: 1. Pehea ʻoe e koho ai i ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe PCB? Usually, through holes in the outer layer (e.g., through holes) require a thicker layer of copper than the buried through holes inside. Hoʻololi ka uila i hoʻohana ʻia e ka PCB i ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe. High voltage applications typically require thicker PCB copper than low voltage applications.

By filling program

Sometimes PCB through-holes need to be filled, for example to reduce the risk of trapping air or increase electrical conductivity. Some common ways to fill through holes include:

Ma o ka hale lole

Hoʻokumu ka hale lole ma o ka puka i kahi papa pale solder ma luna o ka puka PCB ma mua o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua me nā mea. This can be a quick, easy and cost-effective option to cover the through-holes, but the tent-style through-holes may reopen over time.

Ma ke ālai ʻana

Hoʻopiha ke kaʻina hana o-hole i ka lua me nā mea conductive ʻole a hoʻopaʻa iā ia me kahi pale maka. Through-hole clogging also covers the ring and does not produce a smooth, glossy surface.

Ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana

Hoʻohana ka hoʻopiha ma o ka puka i ka resin e hana i kahi puka piha piha. A through-hole fill is a common through-hole fill in which the manufacturer fills the through-hole with conductive material, coats the surface with copper, and then trims the surface. This process can route signals to other areas of the PCB.

PCB ma o nā noi plating hole

Hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole e hoʻopili i ka PCB ma o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka puka e hōʻoia i kona pono. One common method is to use a low viscosity ink that covers the inside of the through-hole to form a conductive layer. Then through the heat curing process to bond the ink.

ʻO kekahi hana hana i ka uila I kēia kaʻina hana, uhi ke keleawe i nā paia o kēlā me kēia PCB ma o nā puka, e hopena ana i ka mānoanoa o nā mea conductive. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi a me ke kumukūʻai o kēia hana ma mua o ke kaʻina inking, akā hiki ke hana i kahi uhi pono a me ka paʻa.

Sequential drilling blind drilling and deep drilling

PCBS me nā puka makapō hiki ke hana ʻia i ʻelua ala. This can be done by laser drilling or by a method called continuous layer construction. Using the sequential construction method, pairs of layers can be drilled and electroplated before bonding is applied. Because they have holes at both ends, electroplating is easy to penetrate for chemical coatings. It also allows blind holes to be designed in such a way that they can pass through multiple layers.

ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohui i nā hoʻopaʻa pono, ʻeli a me nā papa plating e hiki ai ke hana i nā hanana puka makapō he nui. Aia ia i ka hilinaʻi o ka puka makapō i loko o nā papa mai ka papa waho.

Simultaneous deep drilling or reverse drilling is the process of removing any unused copper drum residue from the through hole. Hana ʻia kēia ke kuhi hewa nā hōʻailona wikiwiki ke hele lākou ma waena o nā paipu keleawe ma waena o nā papa PCB. Inā hoʻohana i kahi papa hōʻailona hōʻailona i nā transversals lōʻihi, e nui loa ka ʻokoʻa.

Hoʻākāka ʻia ka lākiō hiʻohiʻona PCB e like me ka lakio o ka mānoanoa o ka pā i ke anawaena o ka lua. Koi ʻia nā lua makapō i nā lakio hiʻohiʻona o 1 a 1 a ʻoi paha.

Ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana hohonu, wehewehe ʻia ka hohonu o ka lua e ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i mau lua e kuhikuhi i nā papa hoʻomaka a me ka hopena mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa. Hoʻomaulia ʻia ke anawaena bit no ka ʻeli hohonu ʻana e ke ʻano aʻe:

Ka nui o ka ʻūhā hoʻi = Hole / pad hole size + 2 x Hoʻolālā i nā lula hoʻolālā nui ka ʻeʻa hoʻi

PCB overinductance calculator

PCB ma-puka inductance hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kekahi mau kumu, a me ma-puka nui, apo nui, hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, a me ka ʻeli pono. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā helu helu pūnaewele e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaulia i ka PCB kūpono e like me ka nui āu e pono ai e hoʻohana.