Yini i-PCB emgodini futhi kungani kubalulekile kuyo ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe? I-PCB idinga izimbobo noma izimbobo ukuxhuma izingqimba zayo. Understanding the standard through-hole sizes used by PCB manufacturers can help you design boards to meet common bit sizes.

Standard through hole size

Abakhiqizi be-PCB baneqoqo labo losayizi bemigodi abajwayelekile ongakhetha kubo lapho kubhola izimbobo, kepha imvamisa bangasebenzisa noma yimuphi usayizi wembobo ojwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi be-PCB bangenza ubukhulu be-PCB ngokusebenzisa izimbobo bube bancane njengo-0.15 mm, uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi ojwayelekile ongu-0.6 mm.

Izidingo ze-PCB ngokusebenzisa imbobo

Lolu wucwaningo olunzulu lwezidingo zosayizi.

PCB ngosayizi imbobo

Ubukhulu be-PCB ngembobo bungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, nezinye izinto, yingakho wonke umakhi we-PCB enikeza osayizi abambalwa be-PCB. Most manufacturers can make holes as small as 0.15 mm or larger holes of 1 mm or larger. Uma ucubungula ubukhulu bomgodi odingekayo, udinga futhi ukubheka iringi noma iphedi yethusi ezungeze imbobo, ezokwakhiwa.

How do you calculate rings? The ideal ring is equal to the sum of the diameter of the copper pad minus the diameter of the drill hole divided by 2, which gives the rig the best chance of hitting the center of the pad for optimal connectivity.

Standard through hole size

Akunasidingo sokuthi kube nosayizi ojwayelekile we-PCB ngokusebenzisa imbobo ekukhiqizeni i-PCB, njengoba usayizi ojwayelekile we-PCB ngokusebenzisa imbobo uvame ukwehluka ukusuka kumkhiqizi kuye kumkhiqizi we-PCB. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi be-PCB bakhetha ukusebenzisa osayizi abajwayelekile, abangabiza ngabo njengosayizi abajwayelekile be-PCB. Obunye bosayizi abavame kakhulu ngu-0.6 mm, kepha u-0.2 mm no-0.3 mm nawo asetshenziswa kakhulu.

Type of PCB through hole

Ungasebenzisa usayizi ngamunye ojwayelekile wokugoqa imbobo ukudala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-PCB ngokusebenzisa izimbobo, kuya ngongqimba, ukwakhiwa, ukuklanywa, nenhloso ye-PCB. Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-PCB ezivuleke kakhulu yilezi:

Kuhlanganiswe imbobo

Electroplated through-holes (PTH) are through-holes that run through all layers of a PCB to connect the top and bottom layers. Kufanele ukwazi ukubona i-PTH kusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwe-PCB kuya kolunye. I-PTH ingafakwa noma ingafakwa. Okungafakwanga izimbobo akuwenzi ugesi, kanti okufakwe emigodini kufakwa ugesi, okusho ukuthi bahambisa ugesi kuzo zonke izingqimba ze-PCB.

Imbobo eyimpumputhe

Blind holes connect the outer (top or bottom) layers of the PCB to one or more inner layers, but do not completely drill through the board. Precise drilling of blind holes can be challenging, so they are typically more expensive to manufacture than PTH.

esishumekiwe

Embedded holes can also increase the cost of PCB because they are difficult to manufacture. The holes are located in the inner layer of the PCB to connect two or more inner layers. Awukwazi ukubona okokungcwatshwa kusendlalelo sangaphandle se-PCB.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele

Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele lapho udala i-PCB. Okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi isiphi isilinganiso sesici esiku-PCB design. The aspect ratio is the PCB thickness relative to the diameter of the through hole, which determines the reliability of the copper plating on the PCB. The higher the ratio, the more difficult it is to obtain reliable plating, which affects the type of hole and plating method you choose.

Izimbobo ezishumekiwe noma eziyimpumputhe zingasebenzela i-PCB yakho kangcono ngesilinganiso esingu-15: 1, kuyilapho i-PTH ingasebenza kahle ngesilinganiselo esiphansi esingu-2: 1. How do you choose the thickness of PCB copper? Usually, through holes in the outer layer (e.g., through holes) require a thicker layer of copper than the buried through holes inside. Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yi-PCB nawo athinta ukushuba kwethusi. High voltage applications typically require thicker PCB copper than low voltage applications.

By filling program

Sometimes PCB through-holes need to be filled, for example to reduce the risk of trapping air or increase electrical conductivity. Some common ways to fill through holes include:

Ngasetendeni

Itende elinezimbobo lenza ungqimba lwesithiyo se-solder ngaphezulu kwe-PCB ngokusebenzisa imbobo kunokugcwalisa umgodi ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kungaba inketho esheshayo, elula futhi engabizi kakhulu ukumboza izimbobo zokungena, kepha isitayela setende lokumboza lingavulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokuvimba

Inqubo yokufaka imbobo yokufaka imbobo igcwalisa umgodi ngezinto ezingahambisi futhi iwuvale ngesifonyo. Through-hole clogging also covers the ring and does not produce a smooth, glossy surface.

Ngokugcwalisa

Ukugcwaliswa okumbobo kusetshenziswa i-resin ukudala umgodi ogcwaliswe unomphela. Ukugcwaliswa okumbobo yomgodi ukugcwaliswa okujwayelekile kwembobo lapho umenzi egcwalisa khona umgodi ngezinto eziqhubayo, agqoke ingaphezulu ngethusi, bese esika ingaphezulu. This process can route signals to other areas of the PCB.

PCB ngokusebenzisa izimbobo Plating izicelo

Abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa amasu amaningi ahlukahlukene ukusebenzisa i-PCB nge-pit-through plating ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo. One common method is to use a low viscosity ink that covers the inside of the through-hole to form a conductive layer. Then through the heat curing process to bond the ink.

Enye indlela i-electroplating, lapho i-PCB ingena khona kubhavu we-electroplating. Kule nqubo, ithusi limboza izindonga ze-PCB ngayinye ngemigodi, okuholele ekuqineni kwempahla eqhubayo. Le ndlela ivame ukuba yinde futhi ibize kakhulu kunenqubo yokufaka inki, kepha futhi ingakha ukugqoka nokuqina okuthembekile.

Sequential drilling blind drilling and deep drilling

Ama-PCBS anezimbobo eziyimpumputhe angenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokubhola kwe-laser noma ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kongqimba oluqhubekayo. Using the sequential construction method, pairs of layers can be drilled and electroplated before bonding is applied. Because they have holes at both ends, electroplating is easy to penetrate for chemical coatings. It also allows blind holes to be designed in such a way that they can pass through multiple layers.

Ikhono lokuhlanganisa ukulandelana okufanelekile, ukubhola nokulandelana kwesilayidi lenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala izakhiwo zemigodi eminingi engaboni. Konke kuncike ekutheni umgodi oyimpumputhe ungadlula ngisho nezendlalelo ezivela kusendlalelo sangaphandle.

Simultaneous deep drilling or reverse drilling is the process of removing any unused copper drum residue from the through hole. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho izimpawu ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu zihlanekezelwa njengoba zidlula kumashubhu ethusi phakathi kwezendlalelo ze-PCB. Uma ukusebenzisa ungqimba lwesiginali kuphumela ekuhambeni okude, kuzoba nokuphazamiseka okuningi.

Isilinganiso sesici se-PCB sichazwa njengesilinganiso sobukhulu bepuleti nobubanzi bebhora. Izimbobo eziyimpumputhe zidinga ukulinganiswa okungu-1 kuye ku-1 noma ngaphezulu.

Lapho kwenziwa imishini ejulile, ukujula komgodi kuchazwa ngokusetha izimbobo ezimbili ezicacisa izingqimba zokuqala nezokugcina ohlangothini lwebhodi. Ububanzi obuncane bokubhola okujulile bubalwa ngefomula elandelayo:

Usayizi wokubhola emuva = Usayizi wembobo yomgodi / wephedi + 2 x Imithetho yokwakha Usayizi we-drill yangemuva mkhulu kakhulu

PCB overinductance calculator

I-PCB through-hole inductance incike ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi usayizi we-hole, usayizi wendandatho, isilinganiso sesici, nokunemba kokumba. Ungathola ama-calculator aku-inthanethi ukukusiza ukubala i-PCB efanele ngokuya ngosayizi odinga ukuwusebenzisa.