Waa maxay PCB-da-godka iyo sababta ay muhiim ugu tahay guddiga wareegsan oo daabacan? PCB-ga wuxuu u baahan yahay daloollo ama ceelal-biyoodyo si ay ugu xirmaan lakabyadiisa. Understanding the standard through-hole sizes used by PCB manufacturers can help you design boards to meet common bit sizes.

Heerka cabbirka daloolka

Soo -saareyaasha PCB waxay leeyihiin cabbirro dalool oo u gaar ah oo ay ka doortaan marka ay qodayaan godadka, laakiin badiyaa waxay isticmaali karaan cabbir kasta oo dalool ah. Guud ahaan, soo saarayaasha PCB waxay ka dhigi karaan dhexroorka PCB daloollada ugu yar 0.15 mm, marka la barbar dhigo cabbirka caadiga ah ee 0.6 mm.

PCB shuruudaha cabbirka daloolka

Tani waa daraasad qoto dheer oo ku saabsan shuruudaha cabbirka.

PCB iyada oo loo marayo cabbirka daloolka

Cabbirka PCB -ga daloolku wuu kala duwanaan karaa iyadoo ku xiran goobtiisa, isticmaalkiisa, iyo qodobo kale, taas oo ah sababta soo -saare kasta oo PCB uu u bixiyo dhowr cabbir oo PCB ah. Most manufacturers can make holes as small as 0.15 mm or larger holes of 1 mm or larger. Markaad tixgelinayso baaxadda godka loo baahan yahay, waxaad sidoo kale u baahan tahay inaad tixgeliso giraanta ama suufka naxaasta ah ee ku wareegsan daloolka, kaas oo samaysmi doona.

How do you calculate rings? The ideal ring is equal to the sum of the diameter of the copper pad minus the diameter of the drill hole divided by 2, which gives the rig the best chance of hitting the center of the pad for optimal connectivity.

Heerka cabbirka daloolka

Ma aha qasab in PCB-ga caadiga ah lagu cabbiro daloolka wax-soo-saarka PCB-ga, maadaama cabbirka daloolka ee PCB-ga uu inta badan ku kala duwan yahay soo-saaraha ilaa soo-saaraha PCB. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soosaarayaal badan oo PCB waxay doorbidaan inay isticmaalaan cabbirrada yara ee caadiga ah, oo laga yaabo inay u tixraacaan cabbirrada yara ee PCB. Mid ka mid ah cabbirka ugu badan waa 0.6 mm, laakiin 0.2 mm iyo 0.3 mm ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan la isticmaalaa.

Type of PCB through hole

Waxaad u adeegsan kartaa cabbir kasta oo dalool ah si aad u abuurto noocyo kala duwan oo PCB-daloollada ah, iyadoo ku xiran lakabka, dhismaha, naqshadeynta, iyo ujeeddada PCB-ga. Saddexda nooc ee ugu badan ee PCB-ga dalool waa:

Ku dahaadhay daloolka

Daloollada korontada ku shaqeeya (PTH) waa daloollo dhex mara dhammaan lakabyada PCB-ga si loogu xiro lakabyada sare iyo hoose. Waa inaad awood u yeelatid inaad ka aragto PTH gees ilaa PCB ilaa gees kale. PTH waxaa laga yaabaa in la huwado ama aan la dahaadhin. Daloollada aan dahaarka lahayn ma sameeyaan koronto, halka daloolada dahaarka lehna ay yihiin koronto, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay koronto ku sameeyaan dhammaan lakabyada PCB-ga.

Daloolka indha la ‘

Blind holes connect the outer (top or bottom) layers of the PCB to one or more inner layers, but do not completely drill through the board. Precise drilling of blind holes can be challenging, so they are typically more expensive to manufacture than PTH.

gundhig

Embedded holes can also increase the cost of PCB because they are difficult to manufacture. The holes are located in the inner layer of the PCB to connect two or more inner layers. Ma arki kartid alaabta la aasay ee ku jirta lakabka sare ee PCB.

Waxyaabaha la tixgelinayo

Waxaa jira dhowr arrimood oo la tixgelinayo marka la samaynayo PCB. Marka hore, waa inaad taqaanaa saamiga dhinac ee ku jira naqshadda PCB. The aspect ratio is the PCB thickness relative to the diameter of the through hole, which determines the reliability of the copper plating on the PCB. The higher the ratio, the more difficult it is to obtain reliable plating, which affects the type of hole and plating method you choose.

Godadka la galiyay ama indha la ‘ayaa laga yaabaa inay si fiican ugu adeegaan PCB -gaaga marka loo eego saamiga 15: 1, halka PTH ay si fiican ugu shaqayn karto saamiga dhinaca hoose ee 2: 1. Sidee u doorataa dhumucda naxaas PCB? Usually, through holes in the outer layer (e.g., through holes) require a thicker layer of copper than the buried through holes inside. Xoogga uu adeegsado PCB -gu wuxuu kaloo saameeyaa dhumucda naxaasta. High voltage applications typically require thicker PCB copper than low voltage applications.

By filling program

Sometimes PCB through-holes need to be filled, for example to reduce the risk of trapping air or increase electrical conductivity. Some common ways to fill through holes include:

Teendhada dhexdeeda

Teendhada daloolka leh waxay ka abuurtaa dahaarka xayndaabka dhejiska PCB-ga halkii laga buuxin lahaa daloolka wax. This can be a quick, easy and cost-effective option to cover the through-holes, but the tent-style through-holes may reopen over time.

Adoo xannibaya

Habka daloolka daloolka ayaa godka ka buuxiya walxo aan tabin oo ku dabool maaskaro. Through-hole clogging also covers the ring and does not produce a smooth, glossy surface.

By buuxinta

Buuxinta daloolka waxay isticmaashaa cusbi si ay u abuurto dalool si joogto ah u buuxsan. A through-hole fill is a common through-hole fill in which the manufacturer fills the through-hole with conductive material, coats the surface with copper, and then trims the surface. This process can route signals to other areas of the PCB.

PCB iyada oo loo marayo codsiyada dahaarka godka

Soo-saareyaashu waxay isticmaali karaan dhowr farsamooyin oo kala duwan si ay ugu adeegsadaan PCB-ga daloolka daloolka si loo hubiyo waxtarkiisa. One common method is to use a low viscosity ink that covers the inside of the through-hole to form a conductive layer. Then through the heat curing process to bond the ink.

Hab kale ayaa ah electroplating, kaas oo PCB -ga uu ku jiro qubeyska korontada. Geedi socodkan, naxaasku wuxuu daboolayaa darbiyada PCB kasta daloollada dhexdooda, taasoo keenta in dhumucdiisuna tahay walxaha tabinta. Habkani wuxuu u eg yahay inuu ka dheeraado oo ka qaalisan yahay habka gelinta, laakiin wuxuu kaloo samayn karaa dahaar iyo isku xidhnaan la isku hallayn karo.

Sequential drilling blind drilling and deep drilling

PCBS -da leh godad indha la ‘waxaa lagu soo saari karaa laba siyaabood. This can be done by laser drilling or by a method called continuous layer construction. Using the sequential construction method, pairs of layers can be drilled and electroplated before bonding is applied. Because they have holes at both ends, electroplating is easy to penetrate for chemical coatings. It also allows blind holes to be designed in such a way that they can pass through multiple layers.

Awoodda in la isku daro isku -xidhka habboon, qodidda iyo isku xigxiga dahaadhka ayaa suurtogal ka dhigaysa in la abuuro qaabab daloollo badan oo indha la ‘. Dhammaan waxay ku xiran tahay in daloolka indha la ‘uu dhaafi karo xitaa lakabyada ka yimaada lakabka sare.

Simultaneous deep drilling or reverse drilling is the process of removing any unused copper drum residue from the through hole. This usually happens when high-speed signals are distorted as they pass through copper tubes between PCB layers. Haddii adeegsiga lakabka signalada ay ka dhalanayso gudubyo dhaadheer, waxaa jiri doona dhalanrog badan.

Saamiga dhinaca PCB waxaa lagu qeexaa sida saamiga dhumucda saxanka iyo dhexroorka ceelka. Daloollada indhoolayaasha ah waxay u baahan yihiin saamiga dhinacyada 1 illaa 1 ama ka weyn.

Marka qodis qotodheer la sameeyo, qoto dheer ee daloolka waxaa lagu qeexaa iyadoo la samaynayo laba godad oo tilmaamaya lakabyada bilowga iyo dhammaadka ee dhinaca guddiga. Dhexdhexaadka qoditaanka qoditaanka qoto dheer waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa qaacidada soo socota:

Cabbirka daloolka dambe = Cabbirka daloolka/suufka + 2 x Xeerarka Naqshadaynta Cabbirka daloolinku aad buu u weyn yahay

PCB overinductance calculator

PCB daloolka daloolka wuxuu ku xiran yahay dhowr arrimood, oo ay ku jiraan cabbirka daloolka, cabbirka giraanta, saamiga dhinaca, iyo saxidda qodista. Waxaad ka heli kartaa xisaabiyeyaal onlayn ah oo kaa caawiya xisaabinta PCB -ga saxda ah marka loo eego cabirka aad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho.