A ’chiad cheum de PCB is e an riochdachadh a bhith a ’cur air dòigh agus a’ sgrùdadh Cruth PCB. Bidh an ionad saothrachaidh PCB a ’faighinn na faidhlichean CAD bhon chompanaidh dealbhaidh PCB. Leis gu bheil a chruth faidhle sònraichte fhèin aig gach bathar-bog CAD, bidh an lus PCB gan atharrachadh gu cruth aonaichte – Leudaichte Gerber RS-274X no Gerber X2. Then the engineer of the factory will check whether the PCB layout conforms to the production process, whether there are any defects and other problems.

Ann an aon de na PCBS dachaigh, tha cruth PCB air a chlò-bhualadh air pàipear a ’cleachdadh clò-bhualadair laser agus an uairsin air a ghluasad gu bòrd còmhdaichte le copar. Ach, anns a ’phròiseas clò-bhualaidh, leis gu bheil an clò-bhualadair buailteach a bhith a’ briseadh easbhaidh inc, feumar an inc a lìonadh le peann ola le làimh.

Tha beagan cinneasachaidh gu math, ach ma thèid an locht seo a ghluasad gu cinneasachadh gnìomhachais, lughdaichidh e èifeachdas toraidh gu mòr. Therefore, the factory generally adopts the way of photocopying, printing the PCB layout on the film. If it is a multi-layer PCB, the layout of each layer will be arranged in order.

The film is then punched with counterpoint holes. Counterpoint holes are very important, and are then used to align materials on each layer of the PCB.

Riochdachadh bòrd bunaiteach

Clean the copper clad plate, if dust may cause the final circuit short circuit or break.

The figure below is an illustration of an 8-layer PCB, which is actually made up of 3 copper-clad plates (core boards) plus 2 copper films and then glued together with semi-cured sheets. The production sequence starts from the core board (four or five layers of lines) in the middle, and is continuously stacked together before being fixed. Tha am PCB 4-filleadh air a dhèanamh san aon dòigh, ach le dìreach aon phlàta bunaiteach agus dà fhilm copair.

Transfer of inner PCB layout

Therefore, the two-layer circuit of the most central Core plate should be made first. After the copper-clad plate is cleaned, the surface is covered with a photosensitive film. Bidh am film a ’daingneachadh nuair a bhios e fosgailte do sholas, a’ dèanamh fiolm dìon thairis air foil copair a ’phlàta còmhdaichte le copar.

Insert two layers of PCB layout film and two layers of copper clad board, and finally insert the upper layer of PCB layout film to ensure that the upper and lower layers of PCB layout film stacking position is accurate.

Bidh Photosensitizer a ’cleachdadh lampa UV gus am film photosensitive air foil copair a irradachadh. Tha am film photosensitive air a dhaingneachadh fon fhilm fhollaiseach, agus chan eil am film photosensitive air a dhaingneachadh fon fhilm neo-shoilleir. The copper foil covered by solidified photosensitive film is the PCB layout line needed, equivalent to the role of laser printer ink of manual PCB. Ann an cruth pàipear PCB a ’chlò-bhualadair laser a bh’ ann roimhe, bha an Toner dubh air a chòmhdach le foil copair airson a chumail. In this case, the copper foil covered with black film will corrode away, while the transparent film will be preserved as the photosensitive film solidifies.

Tha am film neo-thorrach an uairsin air a nighe air falbh le lye agus tha an cuairteachadh foil copair riatanach air a chòmhdach leis an fhilm leigheis.

Inner core board etching

The unwanted copper foil is then etched away with a strong base, such as NaOH.

Cuir dheth am film fotosensitive leigheasach gus am foil copar a tha a dhìth airson cuairteachadh cruth PCB a nochdadh.

Drileadh agus sgrùdadh plàta bunaiteach

Chaidh a ’phrìomh phlàta a dhèanamh gu soirbheachail. Then make the opposite hole in the core plate for easy alignment with other raw materials.

Cho luath ‘s a thèid am bòrd bunaiteach a bhrùthadh le sreathan eile de PCB, cha ghabh e atharrachadh, agus mar sin tha e glè chudromach sgrùdadh a dhèanamh. Bidh an inneal gu fèin-obrachail a ’dèanamh coimeas le dealbhan cruth PCB gus mearachdan a sgrùdadh.

Chaidh a ’chiad dà shreath de bhùird PCB a dhèanamh

lannaichte

An seo feumaidh sinn stuth amh ùr ris an canar duilleag leth-leigheasach (Prepreg), a tha na phrìomh bhòrd agus am bòrd bunaiteach (àireamh còmhdach PCB & GT; 4), agus an adhesive eadar a ’phrìomh phlàta agus am foil copair a-muigh, ach tha àite aige cuideachd ann an insulation.

The lower layer of copper foil and two layers of semi-solidified sheet have been in advance through the positioning hole and the lower iron plate fixed position, and then the good core plate is also put into the positioning hole, and finally in turn two layers of semi-solidified sheet, a layer of copper foil and a layer of pressure aluminum plate covered on the core plate.

In order to improve work efficiency, the factory will stack three different PCB boards together and then fix them. The upper iron plate is magnetically attracted to facilitate counterpoint with the lower iron plate. Through the placement of the counterpoint needle, the two layers of iron plate counterpoint successfully, the machine as far as possible to compress the space between the iron plate, and then fixed with nails.

PCB board clamped by iron plate is placed on the support, and then into the vacuum hot press for lamination. The heat in the vacuum hot press melts the epoxy resin in the semi-cured sheet, holding the core and copper foil together under pressure.

After laminating, remove the top iron plate that presses the PCB. An uairsin thèid a ’phlàta alùmanum fo chuideam a thoirt air falbh. Tha pàirt aig a ’phlàta alùmanum cuideachd ann a bhith a’ dealachadh diofar PCBS agus a ’dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil am foil copair rèidh air uachdar a-muigh THE PCB. Tha gach taobh den PCB còmhdaichte le còmhdach de foil copair rèidh.

drileadh

Ciamar a cheanglas tu na ceithir sreathan de foil copair nach eil a ’suathadh ri chèile ann am PCB? Tha am PCB air a drileadh tro thuill an toiseach, agus an uairsin air a mheatachadh gus dealan a ghiùlan.

Tha an inneal drileadh X-ray air a chleachdadh gus prìomh bhòrd na còmhdach a-staigh a lorg. Bidh an inneal gu fèin-obrachail a ’lorg agus a’ lorg suidheachadh nan tuill air a ’bhòrd bunaiteach, agus an uairsin a’ dèanamh tuill suidheachaidh airson a ’PCB gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an drileadh a leanas tro mheadhan suidheachadh an toll.

Place a sheet of aluminum on the punch machine and then place the PCB on top. Leis gur e pròiseas caran slaodach a th ’ann an drileadh, gus èifeachdas a leasachadh, thèid 1 gu 3 bùird PCB co-ionann a chruachadh còmhla airson perforation a rèir an àireamh de shreathan PCB. Mu dheireadh, tha am PCB gu h-àrd air a chòmhdach le còmhdach de alùmanum, na sreathan àrd is ìosal de alùmanum gus nach bi an foil copair air a ’PCB a’ sileadh nuair a bhios an drile a ’drileadh a-steach agus a-mach.

The operator then only needs to select the correct drilling procedure and the drilling machine does the rest automatically. Tha am pìos drile air a stiùireadh le cuideam adhair, le cuairteachadh as àirde de 150,000 rèabhlaid gach mionaid, a tha àrd gu leòr gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil balla tuill rèidh.

Bidh an inneal ùr an àite a ’phìos drile cuideachd air a dhèanamh gu fèin-ghluasadach a rèir a’ phrògraim. The smallest drill can be 100 microns in diameter, while a human hair is 150 microns in diameter.

Anns a ’phròiseas laminating roimhe, chaidh an epoxy leaghte a thoirt a-mach gu taobh a-muigh a’ PCB, agus mar sin feumar a thoirt air falbh. Bidh an inneal bleith bàsachadh a ’gearradh iomall a’ PCB a rèir nan co-chomharran XY ceart.

Sileadh ceimigeach copair air balla pore

Since almost all PCB designs use perforations to connect different layers of lines, a good connection requires a 25 micron copper film on the hole wall. This thickness of copper film is achieved by electroplating, but the hole wall is made of non-conductive epoxy resin and fiberglass board. Mar sin, is e a ’chiad cheum sreath de stuth giùlain a chruinneachadh air balla an toll, agus fiolm copair 1-micron a chruthachadh air uachdar iomlan PCB, a’ toirt a-steach balla an toll, tro thasgadh ceimigeach. Tha am pròiseas gu lèir, leithid làimhseachadh agus glanadh ceimigeach, fo smachd innealan.

PCB stèidhichte

Glan am PCB

Delivery of PCB

Chemical precipitation of copper film

Transfer the layout of the outer PCB

Next, the layout of the outer PCB will be transferred to the copper foil. The process is similar to that of the PCB layout of the inner core board, which is transferred to the copper foil using photocopied film and photosensitive film. The only difference is that the positive plate will be used as the board.

The transfer of inner PCB layout introduced above adopts the subtraction method and adopts the negative plate as the board. PCB covered by solidified photosensitive film is circuit, clean the unsolidified photosensitive film, exposed copper foil is etched, PCB layout circuit is protected by solidified photosensitive film. The outer PCB layout is transferred by the normal method, and the positive plate is used as the board. The area covered by a cured film on a PCB is a non – line area. After cleaning the uncured film, electroplating is carried out. Chan urrainn dha film a bhith dealanach, agus chan eil film ann, an toiseach copar agus an uairsin plathadh staoin. Às deidh am film a thoirt air falbh, thèid searbhag alcaileach a dhèanamh, agus mu dheireadh tha staoin air a thoirt air falbh. The circuit pattern is left on the board because it is protected by tin.

Clean both sides of the copper foil PCB into the press, the press will be sensitive to the copper foil mold pressing.

Fix film cruth PCB de na sreathan àrda is ìosal de leth-bhreac tron ​​toll suidheachaidh, agus cuir am bòrd PCB sa mheadhan. The photosensitive film under the transmittance film is then solidified by UV lamp irradiation, which is the line that needs to be preserved.

After cleaning the film that is not needed and has not been cured, inspect it.

Clamp am PCB agus electroplate an copar. Mar a chaidh ainmeachadh roimhe, gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil deagh ghiùlan dealain anns an toll, feumaidh tiughad 25 micron a bhith aig an fhilm copair electroplated air balla an toll, agus mar sin thèid an siostam gu lèir a smachdachadh gu fèin-ghluasadach le coimpiutair gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil e ceart.

PCB stèidhichte

Smachd coimpiutair agus copar electroplating

Às deidh an fhilm copair a bhith air a electroplated, bidh an coimpiutair a ’rèiteachadh gun tèid sreath tana de staoin a chur na àite.

An dèidh dhut am bòrd PCB staoin plated a luchdachadh sìos, dèan cinnteach gu bheil an tiugh copar agus plating staoin ceart.

Briseadh a-muigh PCB

An ath rud, bidh loidhne cruinneachaidh fèin-ghluasadach iomlan a ’crìochnachadh a’ phròiseas searbhachaidh. An toiseach, glan am film air a leigheas air bòrd PCB.

Thathas an uairsin a ’cleachdadh alcalan làidir gus foil copair nach eileas ag iarraidh a tha còmhdaichte leis a ghlanadh.

An uairsin thèid an còmhdach staoin air foil copair de chruth PCB a thoirt air falbh le fuasgladh stiall staoin. After cleaning, 4 layers PCB layout is completed.