The first step of PCB uzalishaji ni kuandaa na kuangalia Mpangilio wa PCB. Kiwanda cha kutengeneza PCB kinapokea faili za CAD kutoka kwa kampuni ya kubuni ya PCB. Kwa kuwa kila programu ya CAD ina muundo wake wa kipekee wa faili, mmea wa PCB huwageuza kuwa muundo wa umoja – Iliyoongezwa Gerber RS-274X au Gerber X2. Then the engineer of the factory will check whether the PCB layout conforms to the production process, whether there are any defects and other problems.

Katika moja ya PCBS iliyotengenezwa nyumbani, mpangilio wa PCB umechapishwa kwenye karatasi kwa kutumia printa ya laser na kisha kuhamishiwa kwenye bodi iliyofunikwa na shaba. Walakini, katika mchakato wa uchapishaji, kwa sababu printa inakabiliwa na upungufu wa wino, ni muhimu kujaza wino kwa kalamu ya mafuta.

Uzalishaji mdogo ni sawa, lakini ikiwa kasoro hii itahamishiwa kwa uzalishaji wa viwandani, itapunguza sana ufanisi wa uzalishaji. Therefore, the factory generally adopts the way of photocopying, printing the PCB layout on the film. If it is a multi-layer PCB, the layout of each layer will be arranged in order.

The film is then punched with counterpoint holes. Counterpoint holes are very important, and are then used to align materials on each layer of the PCB.

Uzalishaji wa bodi kuu

Clean the copper clad plate, if dust may cause the final circuit short circuit or break.

The figure below is an illustration of an 8-layer PCB, which is actually made up of 3 copper-clad plates (core boards) plus 2 copper films and then glued together with semi-cured sheets. The production sequence starts from the core board (four or five layers of lines) in the middle, and is continuously stacked together before being fixed. PCB yenye safu nne imetengenezwa vile vile, lakini ikiwa na sahani moja ya msingi na filamu mbili za shaba.

Transfer of inner PCB layout

Therefore, the two-layer circuit of the most central Core plate should be made first. After the copper-clad plate is cleaned, the surface is covered with a photosensitive film. Filamu inaimarisha ikifunuliwa na nuru, na kutengeneza filamu ya kinga juu ya karatasi ya shaba ya bamba iliyofunikwa kwa shaba.

Insert two layers of PCB layout film and two layers of copper clad board, and finally insert the upper layer of PCB layout film to ensure that the upper and lower layers of PCB layout film stacking position is accurate.

Photosensitizer uses UV lamp to irradiate the photosensitive film on copper foil. The photosensitive film is solidified under the transparent film, and the photosensitive film is not solidified under the opaque film. The copper foil covered by solidified photosensitive film is the PCB layout line needed, equivalent to the role of laser printer ink of manual PCB. Katika mpangilio wa PCB wa karatasi ya printa ya zamani ya laser, toner nyeusi ilifunikwa na karatasi ya shaba iliyohifadhiwa. In this case, the copper foil covered with black film will corrode away, while the transparent film will be preserved as the photosensitive film solidifies.

Filamu isiyosafishwa huoshwa na lye na mzunguko unaohitajika wa shaba umefunikwa na filamu iliyoponywa.

Inner core board etching

The unwanted copper foil is then etched away with a strong base, such as NaOH.

Tear off the cured photosensitive film to expose the copper foil needed for PCB layout circuit.

Uchimbaji wa sahani kuu na ukaguzi

Sahani ya msingi imefanywa kwa mafanikio. Then make the opposite hole in the core plate for easy alignment with other raw materials.

Once the core board is pressed with other layers of PCB, it cannot be modified, so it is very important to check. Mashine italinganishwa kiatomati na michoro ya mpangilio wa PCB ili kuangalia makosa.

Tabaka mbili za kwanza za bodi za PCB zimetengenezwa

iliyojaa

Hapa tunahitaji malighafi mpya inayoitwa karatasi iliyoponywa nusu (Prepreg), ambayo ni bodi ya msingi na bodi ya msingi (Nambari ya safu ya PCB & GT; 4), na wambiso kati ya sahani ya msingi na karatasi ya nje ya shaba, lakini pia ina jukumu la kuhami.

The lower layer of copper foil and two layers of semi-solidified sheet have been in advance through the positioning hole and the lower iron plate fixed position, and then the good core plate is also put into the positioning hole, and finally in turn two layers of semi-solidified sheet, a layer of copper foil and a layer of pressure aluminum plate covered on the core plate.

In order to improve work efficiency, the factory will stack three different PCB boards together and then fix them. The upper iron plate is magnetically attracted to facilitate counterpoint with the lower iron plate. Kupitia uwekaji wa sindano ya kukoboa, tabaka mbili za kiwanja cha chuma cha chuma kwa mafanikio, mashine kadiri inavyowezekana kubana nafasi kati ya bamba la chuma, na kisha kutengenezwa na kucha.

PCB board clamped by iron plate is placed on the support, and then into the vacuum hot press for lamination. The heat in the vacuum hot press melts the epoxy resin in the semi-cured sheet, holding the core and copper foil together under pressure.

After laminating, remove the top iron plate that presses the PCB. Kisha sahani ya alumini iliyoshinikizwa huondolewa. Sahani ya alumini pia ina jukumu la kutenga PCBS tofauti na kuhakikisha foil laini ya shaba kwenye safu ya nje ya PCB. Both sides of the PCB are covered with a layer of smooth copper foil.

kuchimba visima

Je! Unaunganishaje safu nne za kugusa za foil ya shaba pamoja kwenye PCB? PCB inachimbwa kwanza kupitia mashimo, kisha hutengenezwa kwa metali kufanya umeme.

Mashine ya kuchimba X-ray hutumiwa kupata bodi ya msingi ya safu ya ndani. Mashine itapata moja kwa moja na kupata nafasi ya shimo kwenye ubao wa msingi, na kisha itengeneze mashimo ya kuweka PCB ili kuhakikisha kuwa kuchimba visima vifuatavyo ni kupitia katikati ya nafasi ya shimo.

Place a sheet of aluminum on the punch machine and then place the PCB on top. Kama kuchimba visima ni mchakato polepole, ili kuboresha ufanisi, bodi za PCB zinazofanana zitabuniwa pamoja kwa utaftaji kulingana na idadi ya tabaka za PCB. Mwishowe, PCB ya juu imefunikwa na safu ya aluminium, tabaka za juu na za chini za aluminium ili wakati kuchimba visima ndani na nje, karatasi ya shaba kwenye PCB haitabomoka.

The operator then only needs to select the correct drilling procedure and the drilling machine does the rest automatically. Kidogo cha kuchimba kinasukumwa na shinikizo la hewa, na mzunguko wa juu wa mapinduzi 150,000 kwa dakika, ambayo ni ya kutosha kuhakikisha ukuta wa shimo laini.

Uingizwaji wa biti ya kuchimba pia hufanywa kiatomati na mashine kulingana na programu. The smallest drill can be 100 microns in diameter, while a human hair is 150 microns in diameter.

Katika mchakato wa zamani wa kukataza, epoxy iliyoyeyuka ilitolewa nje ya PCB, kwa hivyo ilihitaji kuondolewa. Mashine ya kusaga inakata pembezoni mwa PCB kulingana na kuratibu sahihi za XY.

Mvua ya kemikali ya shaba kwenye ukuta wa pore

Kwa kuwa karibu miundo yote ya PCB hutumia viboreshaji kuunganisha tabaka tofauti za mistari, unganisho mzuri inahitaji filamu ya shaba ya micron 25 kwenye ukuta wa shimo. This thickness of copper film is achieved by electroplating, but the hole wall is made of non-conductive epoxy resin and fiberglass board. Kwa hivyo, hatua ya kwanza ni kukusanya safu ya nyenzo zinazoongoza kwenye ukuta wa shimo, na kuunda filamu ya shaba 1-micron kwenye uso mzima wa PCB, pamoja na ukuta wa shimo, kupitia utaftaji wa kemikali. Mchakato wote, kama matibabu ya kemikali na kusafisha, unadhibitiwa na mashine.

Fasta PCB

Safisha PCB

Delivery of PCB

Chemical precipitation of copper film

Transfer the layout of the outer PCB

Next, the layout of the outer PCB will be transferred to the copper foil. The process is similar to that of the PCB layout of the inner core board, which is transferred to the copper foil using photocopied film and photosensitive film. The only difference is that the positive plate will be used as the board.

The transfer of inner PCB layout introduced above adopts the subtraction method and adopts the negative plate as the board. PCB covered by solidified photosensitive film is circuit, clean the unsolidified photosensitive film, exposed copper foil is etched, PCB layout circuit is protected by solidified photosensitive film. The outer PCB layout is transferred by the normal method, and the positive plate is used as the board. The area covered by a cured film on a PCB is a non – line area. After cleaning the uncured film, electroplating is carried out. Hakuna filamu inayoweza kuchakatwa kwa umeme, na hakuna filamu, shaba ya kwanza halafu mchovyo wa bati. Baada ya filamu kuondolewa, uchoraji wa alkali hufanywa, na mwishowe bati huondolewa. The circuit pattern is left on the board because it is protected by tin.

Safi pande zote za PCB ya foil ya shaba kwenye vyombo vya habari, vyombo vya habari vitakuwa nyeti kwa uendelezaji wa ukungu wa shaba ya shaba.

Rekebisha filamu ya mpangilio wa PCB ya tabaka za juu na za chini za nakala kupitia shimo la kuweka, na uweke bodi ya PCB katikati. The photosensitive film under the transmittance film is then solidified by UV lamp irradiation, which is the line that needs to be preserved.

After cleaning the film that is not needed and has not been cured, inspect it.

Clamp the PCB and electroplate the copper. As mentioned before, in order to ensure that the hole has good electrical conductivity, the copper film electroplated on the hole wall must have a thickness of 25 microns, so the whole system will be automatically controlled by computer to ensure its accuracy.

Fasta PCB

Udhibiti wa kompyuta na shaba ya umeme

Baada ya filamu ya shaba kuchapwa kwa umeme, kompyuta hupanga safu nyembamba ya bati irudishwe.

Baada ya kupakua bodi ya PCB iliyofunikwa na bati, angalia ili kuhakikisha kuwa unene wa shaba na bati ni sahihi.

PCB ya nje

Ifuatayo, laini kamili ya mkutano hutengeneza mchakato wa kuchora. Kwanza, safisha filamu iliyoponywa kwenye bodi ya PCB.

Alkali kali hutumika kusafisha karatasi ya shaba isiyohitajika ambayo inafunikwa nayo.

Kisha mipako ya bati kwenye karatasi ya shaba ya mpangilio wa PCB imeondolewa na suluhisho la kuvua bati. After cleaning, 4 layers PCB layout is completed.