O le sitepu muamua o PCB gaosiga o le faʻatulagaina ma siaki le PCB Layout. E maua e le fale gaosimea a le PCB ia faila a le CAD mai le kamupani kamupanī a le PCB. Talu ai o polokalama taʻitasi CAD e iai lava latou faila faʻapitoa, o le PCB plant latou te faʻaliliuina i se tuʻufaʻatasia – Extended Gerber RS-274X poʻo Gerber X2. Then the engineer of the factory will check whether the PCB layout conforms to the production process, whether there are any defects and other problems.

I se tasi o PCBS na faia i le fale, o le faʻamaumauga PCB o loʻo lolomiina i luga o pepa e faʻaaoga ai le laser printer ona faʻasolo atu ai lea i se laupapa e faʻaaoga i le kopa. Ae ui i lea, i le lolomiga faʻagasologa, talu ai o le lomitusi e matele i le vaitusi le lava breakpoint, e tatau ai ona faʻatumuina lima le vaitusi i se peneila suauʻu.

O se aofaʻi laititi o le gaosiga e lelei, ae afai o lenei faʻaletonu ua siitia atu i alamanuia gaosiga, o le a matua faʻaititia ai le gaosiga lelei. Therefore, the factory generally adopts the way of photocopying, printing the PCB layout on the film. If it is a multi-layer PCB, the layout of each layer will be arranged in order.

The film is then punched with counterpoint holes. Counterpoint holes are very important, and are then used to align materials on each layer of the PCB.

Gaosia laupapa autu

Clean the copper clad plate, if dust may cause the final circuit short circuit or break.

The figure below is an illustration of an 8-layer PCB, which is actually made up of 3 copper-clad plates (core boards) plus 2 copper films and then glued together with semi-cured sheets. The production sequence starts from the core board (four or five layers of lines) in the middle, and is continuously stacked together before being fixed. O le 4-layer PCB ua faia faʻapena, ae naʻo le tasi le ipu autu ma le lua ata kopa.

Transfer of inner PCB layout

Therefore, the two-layer circuit of the most central Core plate should be made first. After the copper-clad plate is cleaned, the surface is covered with a photosensitive film. O le ata e faʻamalosia peʻa faʻaalia i le malamalama, fausiaina o se ata puipuia i luga o le apamemea pepa o le apamemea-faʻamau ipu.

Insert two layers of PCB layout film and two layers of copper clad board, and finally insert the upper layer of PCB layout film to ensure that the upper and lower layers of PCB layout film stacking position is accurate.

E faʻaaogaina e le Photosensitizer le lamepa UV e faʻamama ai le ata i luga ole pepa apamemea. O le ata malamalama e faʻamalosia i lalo o le ata manino, ma o le ata malamalama e le o faʻamalosia i lalo o le opaque film. The copper foil covered by solidified photosensitive film is the PCB layout line needed, equivalent to the role of laser printer ink of manual PCB. I le pepa PCB faʻatulagaina o le muamua leisa lolomitusi, o le toner uliuli na ufiufi i apamemea pepa alumini e taofia. In this case, the copper foil covered with black film will corrode away, while the transparent film will be preserved as the photosensitive film solidifies.

O le ata le faʻamamaina ona mulumulu ese ma lye ma le manaʻomia kopa pepa alumini liʻo e ufiufi e le faʻamaloloina ata.

Inner core board etching

The unwanted copper foil is then etched away with a strong base, such as NaOH.

Seʻi ese le ata o loʻo faʻamalolo e faʻaali ai le pepa apamemea manaʻomia mo PCB faataamilosaga matagaluega.

Viliina ipu autu ma asiasia

O le autu ipu ua faia lelei. Then make the opposite hole in the core plate for easy alignment with other raw materials.

Le taimi lava e oomiina le autu laupapa ma isi vaega o PCB, e le mafai ona toe faʻaleleia, o lea e matua taua ai le siaki. O le masini o le a otometi faʻatusatusa ma PCB faʻatulaga ata e siaki sese.

O muamua laʻau e lua o laupapa PCB na faia

ufiufi

Lenei tatou te manaʻomia se mea fou mata e taʻua o le semi-cured sheet (Prepreg), o le autu laupapa ma autu laupapa (PCB vaega numera & GT; 4), ma le pipiʻi i le va o le autu ipu ma le pito i fafo apamemea foil, ae o loʻo i ai foi sona sao i le faʻamamaina.

The lower layer of copper foil and two layers of semi-solidified sheet have been in advance through the positioning hole and the lower iron plate fixed position, and then the good core plate is also put into the positioning hole, and finally in turn two layers of semi-solidified sheet, a layer of copper foil and a layer of pressure aluminum plate covered on the core plate.

In order to improve work efficiency, the factory will stack three different PCB boards together and then fix them. The upper iron plate is magnetically attracted to facilitate counterpoint with the lower iron plate. Through the placement of the counterpoint needle, the two layers of iron plate counterpoint successfully, the machine as far as possible to compress the space between the iron plate, and then fixed with nails.

PCB board clamped by iron plate is placed on the support, and then into the vacuum hot press for lamination. The heat in the vacuum hot press melts the epoxy resin in the semi-cured sheet, holding the core and copper foil together under pressure.

After laminating, remove the top iron plate that presses the PCB. Ona aveʻese ai lea o le ipu aluminium. O le ipu alumini e faʻatinoina foi lona sao i le tuʻu eseʻese eseʻese PCBS ma faʻamautinoaina le lamolemole apamemea pepa i luga o le pito i fafo o le PCB. Uma itu o le PCB o loʻo ufiufiina i le vaega o le lamolemole apamemea foil.

viliina

Faʻafefea ona e faʻafesoʻotaʻia faʻatasiga apamemea e fa e le o paʻi atu i le PCB? O le PCB e muamua viliina i pu, ona faʻapipiʻiina lea e faʻatino le eletise.

O le X-ray masini viliina e faʻaaogaina e suʻe ai le autu laupapa o le vaega i totonu. O le masini o le a otometi lava maua ma suʻe le pu tulaga i luga o le autu laupapa, ona faia faʻatulagaina pu mo le PCB ia mautinoa o le mulimuli mai viliina e ala i le ogatotonu o le pu tulaga.

Place a sheet of aluminum on the punch machine and then place the PCB on top. E pei o le viliina o se telegese gaioiga, ina ia mafai ona faʻaleleia le agavaʻa, 1 i le 3 tutusa PCB laupapa o le a faʻaputuputu faʻatasi mo perforation tusa ai ma le numera o PCB faaputuga. I le iuga, o le pito i luga PCB e ufiufiina i le vaega o le alumini, o le pito i luga ma le pito i lalo o le alumini ina ia pe a toleniina drill totonu ma fafo, o le apamemea pepa i luga o le PCB o le a le saeia.

The operator then only needs to select the correct drilling procedure and the drilling machine does the rest automatically. O le viliina o loʻo unaʻia e le mamafa o le ea, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻataʻamilomilo maualuga o le 150,000 taʻamilosaga i le minute, lea e lava lona maualuga e faʻamautinoa ai le pa lamepa pa.

O le suia o le viliina bit e faia foi otometi e le masini e tusa ai ma le polokalama. The smallest drill can be 100 microns in diameter, while a human hair is 150 microns in diameter.

I le taimi muamua gaioiga gaioiga, o le liusuavai epoxy na aumaia i fafo o le PCB, o lea na manaʻomia ai e aveʻesea. O le masini olo olo e tipi le siosiomaga o le PCB e tusa ai ma le saʻo XY faʻamaopoopo.

Vailaau faʻafefeteina o le kopa i luga o pore wall

Since almost all PCB designs use perforations to connect different layers of lines, a good connection requires a 25 micron copper film on the hole wall. This thickness of copper film is achieved by electroplating, but the hole wall is made of non-conductive epoxy resin and fiberglass board. O le mea lea, o le muamua sitepu o le faʻaputuputuina se vaega o mea conductive luga o le pu puipui, ma fausia ai se 1-micron ‘apamemea ata tifaga i luga atoa PCB luga, e aofia ai le pu pa, ala i vailaʻau deposition. O le gaioiga atoa, e pei o togafitiga vailaʻau ma le faʻamamaina, e pulea e masini.

PCB tumau

Faamama le PCB

Delivery of PCB

Chemical precipitation of copper film

Transfer the layout of the outer PCB

Next, the layout of the outer PCB will be transferred to the copper foil. The process is similar to that of the PCB layout of the inner core board, which is transferred to the copper foil using photocopied film and photosensitive film. The only difference is that the positive plate will be used as the board.

The transfer of inner PCB layout introduced above adopts the subtraction method and adopts the negative plate as the board. PCB covered by solidified photosensitive film is circuit, clean the unsolidified photosensitive film, exposed copper foil is etched, PCB layout circuit is protected by solidified photosensitive film. The outer PCB layout is transferred by the normal method, and the positive plate is used as the board. The area covered by a cured film on a PCB is a non – line area. After cleaning the uncured film, electroplating is carried out. E leai se ata e mafai ona electroplated, ma e leai se ata, muamua apamemea ona apa plating. A maeʻa ona aveʻese le ata, ona faʻataʻitaʻia lea o le alkaline etching, ma iʻu ai ina aveʻesea le apa. The circuit pattern is left on the board because it is protected by tin.

Clean both sides of the copper foil PCB into the press, the press will be sensitive to the copper foil mold pressing.

Faʻamau le ata faʻatulagaina PCB o ata pito i luga ma lalo o kopi o ata e ala i le faʻatutuina o le pu, ma tuʻu le laupapa PCB i le ogatotonu. The photosensitive film under the transmittance film is then solidified by UV lamp irradiation, which is the line that needs to be preserved.

After cleaning the film that is not needed and has not been cured, inspect it.

Faʻapipiʻi le PCB ma faʻapipiʻi le kopa. E pei ona taʻua muamua, ina ia mautinoa o le pu o loʻo lelei le faʻaaogaina o le eletise, o le kopa ata ata eletise i luga o le pu puipui e tatau ona i ai le mafiafia o 25 microns, o lea o le atoa polokalama o le a otometi lava ona puleaina e le komipiuta e faʻamautinoa ai lona sao.

PCB tumau

Pulea komepiuta ma electroplating apamemea

A maeʻa ona faʻaeletise le ata apamemea, ona faʻatulaga loa lea e le komipiuta se fasi manifinifi o apa e toe fai.

Ina ua maeʻa launa ese le apa plated laupapa PCB, siaki ia mautinoa o le mafiafia o ‘apamemea ma apa plating e saʻo.

Faʻapipiʻi fafo PCB fafo

Sosoo ai, a maeʻa otometi potopoto laina faʻamaeʻaina le etching gaioiga. Muamua, fufulu ese le ata faʻamalolo luga o le laupapa PCB.

E faʻaaogaina le alkali malosi e faʻamama ai le pepa apamemea e le manaʻomia o loʻo ufitia e ia.

Ona o le apa ufiufi luga o le apamemea pepa alumini o PCB faʻataʻitaʻiga ua aveʻesea ma apa fofoina fofo. After cleaning, 4 layers PCB layout is completed.