Inyathelo lokuqala le- PCB imveliso ukucwangcisa kwaye ujonge Ubeko PCB. Umatshini wokuvelisa we-PCB ufumana iifayile ze-CAD kwinkampani yoyilo lwe-PCB. Kuba isoftware nganye ye-CAD inefomathi yayo eyahlukileyo yefayile, isityalo sePCB siziguqulela kwifomathi emanyeneyo-eyandisiweyo yeGerber RS-274X okanye iGerber X2. Ke injineli yomzi-mveliso iya kujonga ukuba ubeko lwe-PCB luhambelana nenkqubo yemveliso, nokuba kukho naziphi na iziphene kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Kwenye yee-PCBS ezenziwe ekhaya, ubeko lwe-PCB lushicilelwa ephepheni kusetyenziswa umshicileli we-laser emva koko ludluliselwe kwibhodi enxibe ubhedu. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yoshicilelo, kuba umshicileli unomdla wokunqongophala kwe-inki, kufuneka ugcwalise ngesandla inki ngepeni yeoyile.

Inani elincinci lemveliso lilungile, kodwa ukuba esi siphene sidluliselwe kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, iya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ke ngoko, umzi-mveliso ngokubanzi wamkela indlela yokukopa, uprinta ubeko lwePCB kwifilimu. Ukuba yi-PCB eyahlukeneyo, ubeko lomaleko ngalunye luya kucwangciswa ngokulandelelana.

Ifilimu emva koko ibethelwa ngemingxunya yokulinganisa. Imingxunya yokubala ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ke isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa izinto kumaleko ngamnye we-PCB.

Imveliso yebhodi engundoqo

Coca ipleyiti enxibe ubhedu, ukuba uthuli lunokubangela isiphaluka sokugqibela okanye ikhefu.

Lo mzobo ungezantsi ngumzekeliso we-PCB engama-8, eneneni yenziwe ngamacwecwe e-3 anxitywe ngobhedu (iibhodi eziphambili) kunye neefilimu ezimbini zobhedu emva koko zinamatheliswe kunye namashiti aphilisiweyo. Ulandelelwano lwemveliso luqala kwibhodi engundoqo (amanqwanqwa amane okanye amahlanu emigca) embindini, kwaye ngokuqhubekekayo ehlanganiswe ndawonye ngaphambi kokulungiswa. I-4-layer PCB yenziwe ngokufanayo, kodwa yipleyiti enye kuphela kunye neefilimu ezimbini zobhedu.

Ukutshintshwa kobume bePCB yangaphakathi

Ke ngoko, isekethe yomaleko emibini yesona sitya siphambili seCore kufuneka yenziwe kuqala. Emva kokuba icwecwe lobhedu licociwe, umphezulu ugqunywe yifilimu efotayo. Ifilimu iyomelela xa ivezwe kukukhanya, yenze umboniso wokhuselo ngaphezulu kwefoyile yobhedu yesitya esenziwe ngobhedu.

Faka izaleko ezimbini zefomathi yoyilo lwePCB kunye namanqanaba amabini ebhodi enxibe ubhedu, kwaye ekugqibeleni faka umaleko ophezulu wefilimu yokuma kwePCB yokuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezingaphezulu nezisezantsi zesakhiwo sePBB sokubeka ifilimu zichanekile.

I-photosensitizer isebenzisa isibane se-UV ukukhanyisela ifilimu ye-photosensitive kwi-foil foil. Ifilimu yokufota iyomelela phantsi kwefilimu ebonakalayo, kwaye ifilim ebonakalayo enqabileyo ayiqiniswanga phantsi kwefilimu ebonakalayo. Iifoyile zobhedu ezigutyungelwe yifilimu eqinileyo yokujonga iifoto ngumda wobeko lwePCB ofunekayo, olingana nendima ye-inki yomshicileli we-laser ye-PCB yesandla. Kwiphepha le-PCB lobeko lomshicileli wangaphambili we-laser, i-toner emnyama yagutyungelwa ngefoyile yobhedu ukuze igcinwe. Kule meko, ifoyile yobhedu egutyungelwe yifilimu emnyama iya kudlula, ngelixa ifilimu ebonakalayo iyakugcinwa njengoko ifilim ebonakalayo ithatha indawo.

Ifilimu engaxutywanga iyahlanjwa nge-lye kwaye isiphaluka esifunekayo sobhedu sigutyungelwe yifilimu ephilisiweyo.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwebhodi engaphakathi

Iifoyile zobhedu ezingafunekiyo emva koko zigxunyekwe ngesiseko esomeleleyo, njengeNaOH.

Krazula ifilimu ephilileyo yokuveza ifreyim yobhedu efunekayo kwisekethe yoyilo lwePCB.

Core ipleyiti ukubhola kunye nokuhlolwa

Icwecwe lesiseko lenziwe ngempumelelo. Emva koko yenza umngxuma olwahlukileyo kwipleyiti yesiseko sokulungelelanisa ngokulula nezinye izinto eziluhlaza.

Nje ukuba ibhodi engundoqo icinezelwe ngamanye amacandelo e-PCB, ayinakuguqulwa, ke ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhangela. Lo matshini uya kuthelekiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nemizobo ubeko PCB ukujonga iimpazamo.

Imaleko amabini okuqala eebhodi zePCB zenziwe

ndoyisiwe

Apha sifuna imathiriyeli eluhlaza ekrwada ebizwa ngokuba yiphepha eliphilisiweyo (i-Prepreg), eyibhodi engundoqo kunye nebhodi engundoqo (inombolo yomaleko we-PCB kunye ne-GT; 4), kunye nokuncamathela phakathi kwepleyiti engundoqo kunye nefoyile yobhedu engaphandle, kodwa ikwadlala indima ekubambeni.

Umaleko esezantsi ngefoyile ye yobhedu kunye maleko ezimbini sheet semi-eqinileyo ziye kwangaphambili ngokusebenzisa umngxuma indawo kunye ipleyiti yentsimbi asezantsi indawo esisigxina, kwaye ke ipleyiti engundoqo elungileyo nayo ibekwe kwindawo umngxuma, kwaye ekugqibeleni izaleko ezimbini iphepha eliqinileyo, iphepha lokuloba lobhedu kunye nocingo lweplate ye-aluminium egutyungelwe kwiplate ephambili.

Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi, umzi-mveliso uza kubeka iibhodi zePCB ezintathu kunye uzilungise. Iplate yentsimbi ephezulu inomtsalane kumazibuthe wokuququzelela ikhonkco kunye neplate yentsimbi esezantsi. Ngokubekwa kwenaliti yokubala, izaleko ezibini zecala lokulinganisa ipleyiti yentsimbi ngempumelelo, umatshini kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunyanzela isithuba phakathi kwepleyiti yentsimbi, emva koko walungisa ngezikhonkwane.

Ibhodi ye-PCB icinezelwe yipleyiti yentsimbi ibekwe kwinkxaso, emva koko ungene kumatshini wokushicilela oshushu wokukhusela. Ubushushu kumatshini wokushicilela oshushu bunyibilika kwi-epoxy resin kwiphepha eliphilisiweyo, libambe isiseko kunye nefoyile yobhedu kunye phantsi koxinzelelo.

Emva kokulaminetha, susa ipleyiti yentsimbi ephezulu ecofa i-PCB. Emva koko ipleyiti yoxinzelelo lwealuminiyam iyasuswa. Ipleyiti yealuminium ikwadlala indima ekuhlukaniseni iiPCBS ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ifreyim yobhedu egudileyo kumaleko angaphandle kwePCB. Omabini amacala e-PCB agutyungelwe ngomaleko wefoyile egudileyo yobhedu.

kombiwa

Uwadibanisa njani amanqwanqwa amane angachukumisi wefoyile yobhedu kunye kwi-PCB? I-PCB iqale igqojozwe ngemingxunya, emva koko inyibilikiswe ngesinyithi ukwenza umbane.

Umatshini we-X-ray wokugrumba usetyenziselwa ukukhangela ibhodi engundoqo yomaleko wangaphakathi. Lo matshini uya kufumana ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ufumane indawo mngxuma kwibhodi engundoqo, uze wenze imingxuma ukubeka for the PCB ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukubhola zilandelayo ngokusebenzisa embindini indawo mngxuma.

Beka iphepha lealuminium kumatshini wepunch uze ubeke iPBB ngaphezulu. Njengoko ukubhola yinkqubo ngokucotha noko, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza, 1 ukuya kwi-3 iibhodi PCB ezifanayo ziya ingqokelela ndawonye perforation ngokwenani leengcamba PCB. Okokugqibela, i-PCB ephezulu igutyungelwe ngumaleko we-aluminium, umphezulu kunye namanqwanqwa asezantsi e-aluminium ukuze xa kusombiwa i-drill ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ifoyile yobhedu kwi-PCB ayizukukrazula.

Umqhubi ufuna kuphela ukukhetha inkqubo yokomba echanekileyo kwaye umatshini wokugrumba wenza okunye ngokuzenzekelayo. Ibhola yokuqhuba iqhutywa ngoxinzelelo lomoya, ngokujikeleza okuphezulu okungama-150,000 kweenguqu ngomzuzu, ephezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa udonga olunemingxunya egudileyo.

Ukutshintshwa kwe-drill bit kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngumatshini ngokwenkqubo. Eyona drill incinci inokuba yi-100 microns ubukhulu, ngelixa inwele yomntu iyi-150 microns ububanzi.

Kwinkqubo yangaphambili yokupeyinta, i-epoxy enyibilikiweyo yadluliselwa ngaphandle kwePCB, ke kufuneka isuswe. Lo matshini wokugaya usika umda we-PCB ngokungqinelana nolungelelwaniso lwe-XY oluchanekileyo.

Imvubu yemichiza yobhedu eludongeni lwepore

Kuba phantse zonke uyilo lwe-PCB zisebenzisa i-perforations ukudibanisa iileya ezahlukeneyo zemigca, unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo lufuna ifilimu yobhedu engama-25 micron eludongeni lomngxunya. Obu bunzima befilimu yobhedu bufezekiswa ngokwenza i-electroplating, kodwa udonga lomngxunya lwenziwe nge-resin epoxy resin kunye nebhodi ye-fiberglass. Ke ngoko, inyathelo lokuqala kukuqokelela umaleko wezinto eziqhubayo eludongeni lomngxunya, kwaye wenze ifilimu yobhedu e-1-micron kuwo wonke umphezulu wePCB, kubandakanya udonga lomngxunya, ngokufakwa kwemichiza. Yonke le nkqubo, enjengonyango lwekhemikhali kunye nokucoca, ilawulwa ngoomatshini.

I-PCB echanekileyo

Coca iPCB

Ukuhanjiswa kwePCB

Imvula eyimichiza kwifilimu yobhedu

Dlulisa ubeko lwe-PCB yangaphandle

Okulandelayo, ubeko lwePCB lwangaphandle luya kudluliselwa kwifoyile yobhedu. Inkqubo iyafana naleyo yenkqubo ye-PCB yebhodi engaphakathi, edluliselwe kwifoyile yobhedu kusetyenziswa ifotokopi ekhutshelweyo kunye nefoto efotayo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ipleyiti elungileyo iya kusetyenziswa njengebhodi.

Ukutshintshelwa ubeko PCB yangaphakathi wazisa ngasentla isebenzisa indlela ukuthabatha yamkela ipleyiti elibi njengebhodi. I-PCB egutyungelwe yifilimu eqinileyo yokujonga iifoto sisiphaluka, coca ifilimu ye-photosensitive engaqinisekiswanga, ifoyile yobhedu eveziweyo, i-PCB yesekethe yoyilo ikhuselwe yifilimu eqinileyo. Ubeko lwangaphandle lwePCB luhanjiswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kwaye ipleyiti elungileyo isetyenziswa njengebhodi. Indawo egqunywe yifilimu ephilisiweyo kwi-PCB yindawo engeyoyomgca. Emva kokucoca ifilimu engaxutywanga, i-electroplating iyenziwa. Akukho bhanyabhanya inokuchongwa ngombane, kwaye akukho bhanyabhanya, kuqala ubhedu emva koko kube nesingxobo se-tin. Emva kokuba ifilimu isuswe, i-alkaline etching iyenziwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-tin isuswe. Ipateni yesekethe ishiywe ebhodini kuba ikhuselwe yitin.

Coca macala omabini e-foil ye-PCB kwi-press, umatshini wokushicilela uya kuba nobuthathaka kwifoyile yobhedu ngokucinezela.

Lungisa ubeko lwefilimu ye-PCB yamanqanaba aphezulu nasezantsi efotokopi ngomngxunya wokuma, ubeke ibhodi yePCB embindini. Ifilimu efotokileyo ephantsi kwefilimu yokuhambisa ize iqiniswe sisibane se-UV, esingumgca ofuna ukugcinwa.

Emva kokucoca ifilimu engafunekiyo kwaye enganyangeki, uyihlole.

Ukubamba i-PCB kunye ne-electroplate yobhedu. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umngxunya uqhuba kakuhle ngombane, umboniso wobhedu osuswe kudonga lomngxunya kufuneka ubenobunzima beemicron ezingama-25, ke yonke inkqubo iya kulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo yikhompyuter ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo.

I-PCB echanekileyo

Ulawulo lwekhompyuter kunye nokukhetha ubhedu

Emva kokuba ifilimu yobhedu ifakwe kwi-elektroniki, ikhompyuter ilungiselela ukuba kubekwe umaleko omncinci wethini.

Emva kokukothula i-tin e-boardboard ye-PCB, jonga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu be-copper kunye ne-tin plating buchanekile.

I-PCB yangaphandle

Okulandelayo, umgca opheleleyo wendibano ugqibezela inkqubo yokudibanisa. Okokuqala, coca ifilimu ephilisiweyo kwibhodi yePCB.

Ialkali eyomeleleyo ke isetyenziselwa ukucoca ifoyile yobhedu engafunekiyo egutyungelwe yiyo.

Ke ukutyabeka ngetini kwifoyile yobhedu yoyilo lwePCB kususwe ngesisombululo seetin. Emva kokucoca, maleko 4 uyilo PCB igqityiwe.