The first step of PCB wax soo saarku waa in la habeeyo lana hubiyo Qaabka PCB -ga. Warshadda been abuurka PCB waxay ka heshaa faylasha CAD shirkadda naqshadeynta PCB. Maadaama software kasta oo CAD uu leeyahay qaab fayl u gaar ah, geedka PCB wuxuu u beddelaa qaab midaysan-Gerber RS-274X ama Gerber X2. Then the engineer of the factory will check whether the PCB layout conforms to the production process, whether there are any defects and other problems.

Mid ka mid ah PCBS-da guriga lagu sameeyay, qaabka PCB-ga waxaa lagu daabacay warqad iyadoo la isticmaalayo daabacaha leysarka kadibna loo wareejiyay loox maro-naxaas ah. However, in the printing process, because the printer is prone to ink deficiency breakpoint, it is necessary to manually fill the ink with an oil pen.

Qadar yar oo wax -soo -saarku wuu fiican yahay, laakiin haddii cilladaan loo wareejiyo wax -soo -saarka warshadaha, waxay si weyn hoos ugu dhigi doontaa wax -soo -saarka wax -soo -saarka. Therefore, the factory generally adopts the way of photocopying, printing the PCB layout on the film. If it is a multi-layer PCB, the layout of each layer will be arranged in order.

The film is then punched with counterpoint holes. Counterpoint holes are very important, and are then used to align materials on each layer of the PCB.

Wax soo saarka guddiga xudunta u ah

Clean the copper clad plate, if dust may cause the final circuit short circuit or break.

The figure below is an illustration of an 8-layer PCB, which is actually made up of 3 copper-clad plates (core boards) plus 2 copper films and then glued together with semi-cured sheets. The production sequence starts from the core board (four or five layers of lines) in the middle, and is continuously stacked together before being fixed. PCB-ga 4-lakabka ah ayaa si la mid ah loo sameeyay, laakiin leh hal saxan oo kaliya iyo laba filim oo naxaas ah.

Transfer of inner PCB layout

Therefore, the two-layer circuit of the most central Core plate should be made first. After the copper-clad plate is cleaned, the surface is covered with a photosensitive film. Filimku wuxuu xoojiyaa marka uu iftiinku soo ifbaxo, isagoo ka samaynaya filim difaac ah oo ka samaysan bireedka naxaasta ah ee saxan-naxaasku xidhan yahay.

Insert two layers of PCB layout film and two layers of copper clad board, and finally insert the upper layer of PCB layout film to ensure that the upper and lower layers of PCB layout film stacking position is accurate.

Photosensitizer uses UV lamp to irradiate the photosensitive film on copper foil. The photosensitive film is solidified under the transparent film, and the photosensitive film is not solidified under the opaque film. The copper foil covered by solidified photosensitive film is the PCB layout line needed, equivalent to the role of laser printer ink of manual PCB. Qaab -dhismeedka PCB -ga ee warqadda daabacaha laser -ka hore, toner -ka madow waxaa lagu daboolay bireed naxaas ah si loo xafido. In this case, the copper foil covered with black film will corrode away, while the transparent film will be preserved as the photosensitive film solidifies.

Filimka aan la daboolin ayaa dabadeed lagu maydhaa oo wareegga bireed ee naxaasta ah ee loo baahan yahay waxaa daboolaya filimka la daweeyey.

Inner core board etching

Xaashida naxaasta ah ee aan la rabin ayaa markaa lagu xardhay saldhig adag, sida NaOH.

Tear off the cured photosensitive film to expose the copper foil needed for PCB layout circuit.

Saxanka muhiimka ah qodista iyo kormeerka

Saxanka udub -dhexaadka ayaa si guul leh loo sameeyay. Then make the opposite hole in the core plate for easy alignment with other raw materials.

Once the core board is pressed with other layers of PCB, it cannot be modified, so it is very important to check. Mashiinka ayaa si otomaatig ah u barbar dhigi doona sawirrada qaabeynta PCB si loo hubiyo khaladaadka.

Labada lakab ee ugu horreeya ee looxyada PCB ayaa la sameeyay

la joojiyay

Halkan waxaan u baahanahay alaab ceeriin ah oo cusub oo la dhaho sheet semi-cured (Prepreg), oo ah guddiga asaasiga ah iyo guddiga asaasiga ah (lambarka lakabka PCB & GT; 4), iyo dhejiska u dhexeeya saxanka muhiimka ah iyo bireedka naxaasta ah ee dibedda ah, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu door ka qaataa dahaarka.

The lower layer of copper foil and two layers of semi-solidified sheet have been in advance through the positioning hole and the lower iron plate fixed position, and then the good core plate is also put into the positioning hole, and finally in turn two layers of semi-solidified sheet, a layer of copper foil and a layer of pressure aluminum plate covered on the core plate.

In order to improve work efficiency, the factory will stack three different PCB boards together and then fix them. The upper iron plate is magnetically attracted to facilitate counterpoint with the lower iron plate. Iyada oo loo marayo meelaynta irbadda bar -tilmaameedka, labada lakab ee saxanka birta miiska si guul leh, mashiinka ilaa inta suurtogalka ah si loo cadaadiyo meesha u dhexaysa saxanka birta, ka dibna lagu hagaajiyo ciddiyaha.

PCB board clamped by iron plate is placed on the support, and then into the vacuum hot press for lamination. Kuleylka ku jira saxaafadda kulul ee maranku wuxuu dhalaalayaa xabagta epoxy-ga ee ku jirta xaashida la bogsiiyey, isagoo isku haysta dhejiska iyo bireedka naxaas cadaadis.

After laminating, remove the top iron plate that presses the PCB. Kadibna saxanka aluminium ee cadaadiska leh ayaa laga saaraa. Saxanka aluminiumku wuxuu kaloo kaalin ka qaataa kala -saaridda PCBS -yada kala duwan iyo hubinta bireedka naxaas -siman ee lakabka sare ee PCB -ga. Labada dhinac ee PCB -ga waxaa lagu daboolay lakabka bireedka naxaasta ah ee siman.

qodista

How do you connect the four non-touching layers of copper foil together in a PCB? PCB -ga waxaa marka hore laga qodaa godad, ka dibna waa la biimeeyaa si loo sameeyo koronto.

Mashiinka qodista raajada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu helo guddiga xudunta u ah lakabka gudaha. Mashiinku si otomaatig ah ayuu u heli doonaa oo u heli doonaa booska godka ee guddiga asaasiga ah, ka dibna u samee godadka meelaynta PCB -ga si loo hubiyo in qoditaanka soo socdaa uu marayo bartamaha booska daloolka.

Place a sheet of aluminum on the punch machine and then place the PCB on top. Maaddaama qoditaanku uu yahay geeddi -socod aad u gaabis ah, si loo wanaajiyo wax -ku -oolnimada, 1 illaa 3 loox PCB oo isku mid ah ayaa la isugu dari doonaa daloolka iyadoo loo eegayo tirada lakabyada PCB. Ugu dambayntii, PCB -ga sare waxaa lagu daboolay lakab aluminium ah, lakabyada sare iyo kan hoose ee aluminiumka si marka layliga qoditaanka iyo dibaddaba, biraha naxaas ee PCB uusan u dillaacin.

The operator then only needs to select the correct drilling procedure and the drilling machine does the rest automatically. Qoditaanka layliga waxaa kaxeeya cadaadiska hawada, iyada oo ugu badnaan wareeg ah 150,000 kacdoon daqiiqaddiiba, taas oo aad u sareysa si loo hubiyo derbiga daloolka siman.

Beddelka qoditaanka daloolka ayaa sidoo kale si otomaatig ah loogu sameeyaa mashiinka sida ku xusan barnaamijka. The smallest drill can be 100 microns in diameter, while a human hair is 150 microns in diameter.

Geedi -socodkii hore ee dahaadhka, epoxy dhalaalay ayaa lagu soo saaray bannaanka PCB -ga, markaa waxay u baahnayd in laga saaro. Mashiinka wax lagu qodo ee dhinta ayaa jaraya PCB -ga sida waafaqsan isku -duwayaasha XY ee saxda ah.

Roob kiimiko ah oo naxaas ah derbiga daloolada

Maaddaama ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan naqshadaha PCB ay adeegsadaan daloollo si ay isugu xiraan lakabyada kala duwan ee khadadka, xiriir wanaagsan wuxuu u baahan yahay 25 naxaas oo filim naxaas ah derbiga daloolka. This thickness of copper film is achieved by electroplating, but the hole wall is made of non-conductive epoxy resin and fiberglass board. Sidaa darteed, tallaabada ugu horreysa waa inaad ku urursato lakab walxo tabiya darbiga daloolka, oo aad ka sameysid filim naxaas ah 1-micron oogada PCB oo dhan, oo ay ku jirto derbiga daloolka, iyada oo loo marayo kaydinta kiimikada. Geedi socodka oo dhan, sida daaweynta kiimikada iyo nadiifinta, waxaa gacanta ku haya mashiinno.

PCB go’an

Nadiifi PCB -ga

Delivery of PCB

Chemical precipitation of copper film

Transfer the layout of the outer PCB

Next, the layout of the outer PCB will be transferred to the copper foil. The process is similar to that of the PCB layout of the inner core board, which is transferred to the copper foil using photocopied film and photosensitive film. The only difference is that the positive plate will be used as the board.

The transfer of inner PCB layout introduced above adopts the subtraction method and adopts the negative plate as the board. PCB covered by solidified photosensitive film is circuit, clean the unsolidified photosensitive film, exposed copper foil is etched, PCB layout circuit is protected by solidified photosensitive film. The outer PCB layout is transferred by the normal method, and the positive plate is used as the board. The area covered by a cured film on a PCB is a non – line area. After cleaning the uncured film, electroplating is carried out. Ma jiro filim la marsiin karo elektaroonig, mana jiro filim, marka hore naxaas ka dibna dahaarka dahaarka ah. Ka dib marka filimka la saaro, qashin -qubka ayaa la sameeyaa, ugu dambayntiina daasadda ayaa laga saaraa. Qaabka wareegga ayaa looga tegayaa sabuuradda sababta oo ah waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa daasadda.

Clean both sides of the copper foil PCB into the press, the press will be sensitive to the copper foil mold pressing.

Ka hagaaji filimka khariidadda PCB ee lakabyada sare iyo hoose ee koobi iyada oo loo marayo daloolka meelaynta, oo dhexda guddiga PCB -ga geli. The photosensitive film under the transmittance film is then solidified by UV lamp irradiation, which is the line that needs to be preserved.

Ka dib markaad nadiifiso filimka aan loo baahnayn oo aan la dawayn, baadho.

Ku dheji PCB -ga oo koronto ku shub. Sidii aan hore u soo sheegnay, si loo hubiyo in daloolku leeyahay hagitaan koronto oo wanaagsan, filimka naxaasta ah ee lagu xiro darbiga daloolka waa inuu lahaadaa dhumucdiisuna tahay 25 microns, sidaa darteed nidaamka oo dhan waxaa si otomaatig ah u maamuli doona kombiyuutar si loo hubiyo saxnimadiisa.

PCB go’an

Xakamaynta kombiyuutarka iyo naxaasta electroplating

Ka dib marka filimka naxaas ah la koronto, kombiyuutarku wuxuu diyaariyaa in lakabka khafiifka ah ee dib loo soo celiyo.

Ka dib markaad dejiso dahaarka dahaarka leh ee PCB, hubi inaad hubiso in dhumucda naxaasta iyo dahaarka dahaadhu ay sax tahay.

PCB -ga dibadda ah

Marka xigta, khadad shirka oo iswada leh oo dhammaystiran ayaa dhammaystira geedi -socodka qashin -qubka. Marka hore, ka nadiifi filimka la daaweeyay guddiga PCB.

Alkali xoog leh ayaa markaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu nadiifiyo bireedka naxaasta ah ee aan la rabin ee uu daboolay.

Dabadeed dahaarka dahaarka leh ee bireedka naxaasta ah ee qaabeynta PCB waxaa lagu saaraa xalal dahaarka ah. After cleaning, 4 layers PCB layout is completed.