The first step of PCB kugadzirwa kuronga uye kuongorora iyo PCB Marongerwo. Iyo pcb yekugadzira chirimwa inogamuchira iyo maCAD mafaera kubva kuPcB dhizaini kambani. Sezvo yega yega CAD software iine yayo yakasarudzika fomati fomati, iyo PCB dhivha inovashandura ivo kuita yakabatana fomati – Yakawedzerwa Gerber RS-274X kana Gerber X2. Then the engineer of the factory will check whether the PCB layout conforms to the production process, whether there are any defects and other problems.

Mune imwe yePCBS inogadzirwa pamba, marongero ePBB anodhindwa pabepa achishandisa laser printer ndokuzoendeswa kubhodhi-yakapfeka bhodhi. Nekudaro, mune yekudhinda maitiro, nekuti iyo printa inokomberedza neink kushomeka kwekukanganisa nzvimbo, zvinodikanwa kuti ugozadza inki nepeni yemafuta.

Hushoma hwekugadzira hwakanakisa, asi kana hurema uhwu hukachinjirwa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, zvinodzora zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa. Therefore, the factory generally adopts the way of photocopying, printing the PCB layout on the film. If it is a multi-layer PCB, the layout of each layer will be arranged in order.

The film is then punched with counterpoint holes. Counterpoint holes are very important, and are then used to align materials on each layer of the PCB.

Core bhodhi kugadzirwa

Clean the copper clad plate, if dust may cause the final circuit short circuit or break.

The figure below is an illustration of an 8-layer PCB, which is actually made up of 3 copper-clad plates (core boards) plus 2 copper films and then glued together with semi-cured sheets. The production sequence starts from the core board (four or five layers of lines) in the middle, and is continuously stacked together before being fixed. Iyo-mana-pcb pcb inogadzirwa zvakafanana, asi iine imwechete chete yeplate ndiro uye maviri emhangura mafirimu.

Transfer of inner PCB layout

Therefore, the two-layer circuit of the most central Core plate should be made first. After the copper-clad plate is cleaned, the surface is covered with a photosensitive film. Iyo firimu inosimbisa kana yaiswa pachiedza, ichigadzira firimu inodzivirira pamusoro peiyo mhangura foil yeplata-yakavharwa ndiro.

Insert two layers of PCB layout film and two layers of copper clad board, and finally insert the upper layer of PCB layout film to ensure that the upper and lower layers of PCB layout film stacking position is accurate.

Photosensitizer uses UV lamp to irradiate the photosensitive film on copper foil. The photosensitive film is solidified under the transparent film, and the photosensitive film is not solidified under the opaque film. The copper foil covered by solidified photosensitive film is the PCB layout line needed, equivalent to the role of laser printer ink of manual PCB. Mune pepa pcb mamiriro eiyo yapfuura laser printer, iyo nhema toner yakafukidzwa nemhangura foil kuti ichengetwe. In this case, the copper foil covered with black film will corrode away, while the transparent film will be preserved as the photosensitive film solidifies.

Iyo isina kuvharwa firimu inozogezwa nesipo uye iyo inodikanwa yemhangura foil wedunhu yakafukidzwa neiyo yakaporeswa firimu.

Inner core board etching

The unwanted copper foil is then etched away with a strong base, such as NaOH.

Tear off the cured photosensitive film to expose the copper foil needed for PCB layout circuit.

Core ndiro yekuchera uye kuongorora

Iyo yakakosha ndiro yakaitwa zvinobudirira. Then make the opposite hole in the core plate for easy alignment with other raw materials.

Once the core board is pressed with other layers of PCB, it cannot be modified, so it is very important to check. Muchina unozoenzanirana nePCB dhizaini dhizaini kutarisa zvikanganiso.

The maviri akaturikidzana pcb mabhodhi akagadzirwa

lamoni

Here we need a new raw material called semi-cured sheet (Prepreg), which is the core board and core board (PCB layer number & GT; 4), uye inonamira pakati pepakati ndiro uye yekunze foil foil, asi zvakare inoita basa kuputira.

The lower layer of copper foil and two layers of semi-solidified sheet have been in advance through the positioning hole and the lower iron plate fixed position, and then the good core plate is also put into the positioning hole, and finally in turn two layers of semi-solidified sheet, a layer of copper foil and a layer of pressure aluminum plate covered on the core plate.

In order to improve work efficiency, the factory will stack three different PCB boards together and then fix them. The upper iron plate is magnetically attracted to facilitate counterpoint with the lower iron plate. Kubudikidza nekuiswa kwetsono yekupikisa, iwo maviri matete eesimbi ndiro counterpoint zvinobudirira, muchina kusvika pazvinogona kumanikidza nzvimbo pakati pesimbi, ndokuzoiswa nezvipikiri.

PCB board clamped by iron plate is placed on the support, and then into the vacuum hot press for lamination. The heat in the vacuum hot press melts the epoxy resin in the semi-cured sheet, holding the core and copper foil together under pressure.

After laminating, remove the top iron plate that presses the PCB. Ipapo iyo yakamanikidzwa aluminium ndiro inobviswa. Iyo aruminiyamu ndiro inoitawo basa mukuparadzanisa PCBS dzakasiyana uye nekuona yakatsetseka mhangura foil pane yekunze rukoko rwePCB. Both sides of the PCB are covered with a layer of smooth copper foil.

Drilling

Unobatanidza sei mativi mana asingabatike emafirita emhangura pamwechete muPCB? Iyo PCB inotanga kucherwa kuburikidza nemakomba, yozoiswa simbi yekuitisa magetsi.

Iyo X-ray yekuchera muchina inoshandiswa kutsvaga yepakati bhodhi renzvimbo yemukati. Muchina unozozvitsvagira wega nekutsvaga chinzvimbo chegomba pabhodhi yepakati, uye wozoita maburi ekumisikidza pcb kuona kuti zvinotevera kuchera kuri nepakati pegomba chinzvimbo.

Place a sheet of aluminum on the punch machine and then place the PCB on top. Sezvo kuchera iri rakati nonokei muitiro, kuti kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda, 1 kusvika 3 akafanana pcb mabhodhi achaiswa akaturikidzana pamwe perforation maererano uwandu pcb akaturikidzana. Chekupedzisira, iyo yepamusoro pcb yakafukidzwa neyakaganhurirwa nealuminium, iwo ekumusoro uye ezasi akaturikidzana ealuminium kuitira kuti kana chibooreso chichibaya nekunze, iyo yemhangura foil paPCB haizobvaruka.

The operator then only needs to select the correct drilling procedure and the drilling machine does the rest automatically. Iyo yekuboora bit inotyairwa nemhepo kumanikidza, iine yakanyanya kutenderera kwe150,000 kumukira paminiti, iyo iri yakakwana zvakakwana kuti ive nechokwadi cheyakajeka gomba madziro.

Iko kutsiviwa kwechibhorani kunoitwawo otomatiki nemuchina zvinoenderana nechirongwa. The smallest drill can be 100 microns in diameter, while a human hair is 150 microns in diameter.

Mune yapfuura yekumesa maitiro, iyo yakanyunguduka epoxy yakawedzeredzwa kune kunze kwePCB, saka yaida kubviswa. Iyo yekufa yekugaya muchina inodonhedza peri pePCB zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo XY inoratidzira.

Makemikari kunaya kwemhangura pane pore madziro

Sezvo angangoita ese mapcb magadzirirwo anoshandisa zvinyoreso kubatanidza matunhu akasiyana emitsetse, kubatana kwakanaka kunoda 25 micron mhangura firimu pamadziro egomba. This thickness of copper film is achieved by electroplating, but the hole wall is made of non-conductive epoxy resin and fiberglass board. Naizvozvo, danho rekutanga ndere kuunganidza nhanho ye conductive zvinhu pamadziro egomba, uye gadzira 1-micron mhangura firimu pane iyo pese pcb penyika, kusanganisira iro gomba madziro, kuburikidza nemakemikari deposition. Maitiro ese, akadai sekurapa kwemakemikari nekuchenesa, anotongwa nemachina.

Yakamisirwa pcb

Chenesa PCB

Delivery of PCB

Chemical precipitation of copper film

Transfer the layout of the outer PCB

Next, the layout of the outer PCB will be transferred to the copper foil. The process is similar to that of the PCB layout of the inner core board, which is transferred to the copper foil using photocopied film and photosensitive film. The only difference is that the positive plate will be used as the board.

The transfer of inner PCB layout introduced above adopts the subtraction method and adopts the negative plate as the board. PCB covered by solidified photosensitive film is circuit, clean the unsolidified photosensitive film, exposed copper foil is etched, PCB layout circuit is protected by solidified photosensitive film. The outer PCB layout is transferred by the normal method, and the positive plate is used as the board. The area covered by a cured film on a PCB is a non – line area. After cleaning the uncured film, electroplating is carried out. Iko hakuna firimu rinogona kusarudzwa nemagetsi, uye hapana firimu, kutanga mhangura uyezve tini yakanamirwa pamifananidzo. Mushure mekunge iyo firimu yabviswa, alkaline etching inoitwa, uye pakupedzisira tini inobviswa. The circuit pattern is left on the board because it is protected by tin.

Chenesa mativi ese emhangura foil pcb mumuchina wekudhinda, muchina wacho uchave unoteerera kune yemhangura foil muforoma kudzvanya.

Gadzirisa pcb yekumisikidza firimu repamusoro uye rezasi masikirwo efotokopi kuburikidza nekumisikidza gomba, uye isa iyo PCB bhodhi pakati. The photosensitive film under the transmittance film is then solidified by UV lamp irradiation, which is the line that needs to be preserved.

After cleaning the film that is not needed and has not been cured, inspect it.

Clamp the PCB and electroplate the copper. As mentioned before, in order to ensure that the hole has good electrical conductivity, the copper film electroplated on the hole wall must have a thickness of 25 microns, so the whole system will be automatically controlled by computer to ensure its accuracy.

Yakamisirwa pcb

Computer control and electroplating copper

Mushure mekunge firimu remhangura rasarudzwa nemagetsi, komputa inoronga kuti tende yakatetepa itorwe.

Mushure mekuturutsa iyo tini yakavezwa pcb board, tarisa kuti uone kuti ukobvu hwemhangura netini yakakwenenzverwa ndizvo.

Rokunze pcb etching

Tevere, yakakwana automated gungano mutsara unopedzisa iyo etching maitiro. Kutanga, suka iyo yakaporeswa firimu pane pcb bhodhi.

Alkali yakasimba inobva yashandiswa kuchenesa pasiri kudiwa yemhangura foil iyo yakafukidzwa nayo.

Ipapo iyo yekunamira kwetini pane iyo yemhangura foil yePCB marongero inobviswa netini yekukurura mhinduro. After cleaning, 4 layers PCB layout is completed.