Kwamitin Circuit da aka Buga (PCB), wanda kuma aka sani da Printed Circuit Board (PCB), ana amfani da shi don haɗawa da aiki abubuwan lantarki kuma yana da muhimmin ɓangare na ikon ƙirar Circuit. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da ainihin ƙa’idodin shimfidar PCB da wayoyi.

Cikakkun ƙa’idodin ƙa’idodi na shimfidar hukumar PCB da wayoyi

Basic rules of component layout

1. According to the layout of circuit modules, the related circuit to achieve the same function is called a module, the components in the circuit module should adopt the principle of nearby concentration, and the digital circuit and analog circuit should be separated;

2. Abubuwan da aka gyara, na’urori da screws ba za a shigar da su a cikin 3.5mm (na M2.5) da 4mm (na M3) a kusa da ramukan da ba a hawa ba kamar ramukan sakawa da ramukan daidaitattun a cikin 1.27mm;

3. Horizontal resistance, inductor (plug-in), electrolytic capacitor and other components under the cloth hole, so as to avoid the wave soldering hole and component shell short circuit;

4. Sashin waje na ɓangaren yana da 5mm daga gefen farantin;

5. The distance between the outer side of the pad of mounting element and the outer side of the adjacent inserting element is greater than 2mm;

6. Metal shell components and metal parts (shielding boxes, etc.) can not touch other components, can not be close to the printed line, pad, the spacing should be greater than 2mm. The size of positioning holes, fastener mounting holes, elliptic holes and other square holes in the plate is greater than 3mm from the plate side;

7. Abubuwan zafi kada su kasance kusa da wayoyi da abubuwan thermal; High-heat devices should be evenly distributed;

8. Ya kamata a shirya soket ɗin wutar lantarki a kusa da allon buga kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma a shirya tashar wutar lantarki ta soket da busbar da aka haɗa da shi a gefe ɗaya. Musamman, kar a sanya kwasfa na wutar lantarki da sauran masu haɗin walda a tsakanin masu haɗawa don sauƙaƙe waldawar waɗannan kwasfa da masu haɗawa da ƙira da haɗa igiyoyin wutar lantarki. The spacing of power sockets and welding connectors should be considered to facilitate the insertion and removal of power plugs;

9. Layout na wasu sassan:

All IC components should be aligned unilaterally, and polarity marks of polar components should be clear. Polarity marks on the same printed board should not be more than two directions. When two directions appear, the two directions should be perpendicular to each other.

10, the surface wiring should be properly dense, when the density difference is too large should be filled with mesh copper foil, the grid is greater than 8mil (or 0.2mm);

11, the patch pad can not have through holes, so as to avoid the loss of solder paste resulting in virtual welding components. Ba a ba da izinin layin sigina mai mahimmanci ya wuce ta ƙafar soket;

12, faci jeri ɗaya, daidaitaccen shugabanci, madaidaiciyar marufi;

13. Polar devices should be marked in the same direction as far as possible on the same board.

Biyu, ka’idojin wayoyi na sassa

1. Zana wurin wayoyi a cikin yanki ≤1mm daga gefen allon PCB, kuma a cikin 1mm a kusa da rami mai hawa, kuma hana wayoyi;

2. Layin wutar lantarki kamar yadda zai yiwu, kada ya zama ƙasa da 18mil; Signal line width should not be less than 12mil; CPU incoming and outgoing lines should not be less than 10mil (or 8mil); Tazarar layi ba kasa da mil 10 ba;

3. Ramin na al’ada bai wuce 30mil ba;

4. Saka layin layi biyu: pad 60mil, budewar 40mil;

1/4W juriya: 51 * 55mil (0805 takardar); Kushin saka kai tsaye 62mil, budewar 42mil;

Non-polar capacitor: 51*55mil (0805 sheet); Kushin saka kai tsaye 50mil, budewar 28mil;

5. Lura cewa igiyoyin wutar lantarki da igiyoyin ƙasa ya kamata su kasance radial gwargwadon yiwuwa, kuma kada a yi madauki na sigina.

Yadda za a inganta ikon hana tsangwama da jituwa na electromagnetic?

Yadda za a inganta ikon hana tsangwama da daidaitawar lantarki yayin haɓaka samfuran lantarki tare da mai sarrafawa?

1. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsare-tsare yakamata su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tsangwama na hana lantarki:

(1) Mitar agogon microcontroller yana da girma musamman, zagayowar bas musamman tsarin sauri ne.

(2) Tsarin yana ƙunshe da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da’irar tuƙi na yau da kullun, irin su tartsatsin wutan lantarki, babban canji na yanzu, da sauransu.

(3) tsarin tare da raunin siginar siginar analog mai rauni da madaidaicin kewayawar A/D.

2. Ana ɗaukar matakan da ke biyowa don ƙara ƙarfin tsoma baki na tsarin:

(1) Zaɓi microcontroller tare da ƙananan mitar:

Microcontroller tare da ƙananan mitar agogo na waje na iya yadda ya kamata rage hayaniya da haɓaka ikon hana tsangwama na tsarin. Wave mai murabba’i da igiyar sine tare da mitar iri ɗaya, babban ɓangaren mitar murabba’in raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa yana da yawa fiye da sine. Ko da yake girman maɗaukakin ɓangaren mitar mai murabba’in raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da na asali, mafi girman mita, mafi sauƙi shine fitarwa kuma ya zama tushen amo. Mafi tasirin hayaniyar mitar mitar da microcontroller ke samarwa shine kusan sau 3 na mitar agogo.

(2) Rage murdiya a watsa sigina

Microcontrollers galibi ana kera su ta hanyar fasahar CMOS mai saurin gudu. Static input current signal input at about 1 ma, around ten pf in the input capacitance, high input impedance, high speed CMOS circuit outputs are fairly on load capacity, namely the considerable output value, the output end of a door through a very long lead to the high input, the input impedance reflection problem is very serious, it will cause the signal distortion, Ƙara hayaniyar tsarin. Lokacin da Tpd “Tr”, ya zama matsalar layin watsawa, dole ne yayi la’akari da siginar siginar, matching impedance da sauransu.

Lokacin jinkiri na sigina a kan allon bugawa yana da alaƙa da halayen halayen gubar, wato, zuwa dielectric akai-akai na kayan bugawa da aka buga. Ana iya la’akari da sigina don yin tafiya tsakanin 1/3 da 1/2 gudun haske akan jagorar PCB. Tr (daidai lokacin jinkiri) na abubuwan tarho na dabaru da aka saba amfani da su a cikin tsarin da aka yi da microcontrollers yana tsakanin 3 da 18ns.

On the printed circuit board, the signal passes through a 7W resistor and a 25cm lead, with an on-line delay of approximately 4 to 20ns. That is to say, the signal on the printed line lead as short as possible, the longest should not exceed 25cm. Kuma adadin ramukan ya kamata ya zama kaɗan kamar yadda zai yiwu, zai fi dacewa kada ya wuce 2.

Lokacin da lokacin tashin sigina ya yi sauri fiye da lokacin jinkirin siginar, ana amfani da na’urorin lantarki mai sauri. A wannan lokaci, ya kamata a yi la’akari da ma’auni na impedance na layin watsawa. Don watsa sigina tsakanin hadedde tubalan akan allon da’irar PRINTED, yakamata a guji Td Trd. Girman allon da’irar da aka buga, da sauri tsarin ba zai iya zama da sauri ba.