Hatisitsoeng oa Potoloho Board (PCB), e tsejoang hape e le Printed Circuit Board (PCB), e sebelisoa ho hokahanya le ho sebetsa likarolo tsa elektroniki mme ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo oa potoloho ea matla. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahisa melao ea mantlha ea sebopeho sa PCB le wiring.

Qaqisa melao ea motheo ea PCB boto moralo le wiring

Basic rules of component layout

1. According to the layout of circuit modules, the related circuit to achieve the same function is called a module, the components in the circuit module should adopt the principle of nearby concentration, and the digital circuit and analog circuit should be separated;

2. Likarolo, lisebelisoa le lisurufu li ke ke tsa kengoa kahara 3.5mm (bakeng sa M2.5) le 4mm (bakeng sa M3) ho potoloha masoba a sa hloaheng joalo ka masoba a behang le masoba a tloaelehileng kahare ho 1.27mm;

3. Horizontal resistance, inductor (plug-in), electrolytic capacitor and other components under the cloth hole, so as to avoid the wave soldering hole and component shell short circuit;

4. Karolo e kantle ea karolo eo e bohole ba 5mm hole le bohale ba poleiti;

5. The distance between the outer side of the pad of mounting element and the outer side of the adjacent inserting element is greater than 2mm;

6. Lisebelisoa tsa likhetla tsa tšepe le likarolo tsa tšepe (mabokose a sireletsang, jj.) A ke ke a ama likarolo tse ling, a ke ke a ba haufi le mohala o hatisitsoeng, sebaka, sebaka se lokela ho ba kholo ho feta 2mm. The size of positioning holes, fastener mounting holes, elliptic holes and other square holes in the plate is greater than 3mm from the plate side;

7. Lintho tse futhumatsang ha lia lokela ho ba haufi le lithapo le likarolo tsa mocheso; High-heat devices should be evenly distributed;

8. Motlakase oa matla o lokela ho hlophisoa ho pota-pota boto e hatisitsoeng ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ‘me sebaka sa marang-rang sa motlakase oa motlakase le busbar se kopantsoeng ho sona se lokela ho hlophisoa ka lehlakoreng le le leng. Haholo-holo, se ke oa beha lisokete tsa motlakase le lihokelo tse ling tsa tjheseletsa lipakeng tsa likhokahano ho bebofatsa ho tjheseletsa lisokete le lihokelo tsena le moralo le mehala ea likhoele tsa motlakase. Ho arohana ha metheo ea metheo ea motlakase le likhokelo tsa tšepe ho lokela ho tsotelloa ho thusa ho kengoa le ho tlosoa ha lipolaka tsa motlakase;

9. Ponahalo ea likarolo tse ling:

All IC components should be aligned unilaterally, and polarity marks of polar components should be clear. Polarity marks on the same printed board should not be more than two directions. When two directions appear, the two directions should be perpendicular to each other.

10, the surface wiring should be properly dense, when the density difference is too large should be filled with mesh copper foil, the grid is greater than 8mil (or 0.2mm);

11, the patch pad can not have through holes, so as to avoid the loss of solder paste resulting in virtual welding components. Mohala oa lets’oao la bohlokoa ha oa lumelloa ho feta leoto la soketeng;

12, patch e le ‘ngoe e le ‘ngoe, tataiso e tsitsitseng ea sebopeho, tataiso e tsitsitseng ea ho paka;

13. Polar devices should be marked in the same direction as far as possible on the same board.

Tse peli, melaoana ea wiring

1. Thala sebaka sa wiring kahare ho sebaka ≤1mm ho tloha moeling oa board ea PCB, le ka hare ho 1mm ho potoloha lesoba le ntseng le eketseha, ‘me u thibele wiring;

2. Mohala oa matla ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ha oa lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 18mil; Signal bophara bophara lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 12mil; CPU incoming and outgoing lines should not be less than 10mil (or 8mil); Sebaka sa mela e seng ka tlase ho 10mil;

3. Sekoti se tloaelehileng ha se tlase ho 30mil;

4. Ho kenya mela e ‘meli: pad 60mil, aperture 40mil;

1/4W khanyetso: 51 * 55mil (0805 sheet); Ka ho toba kenya sebaka 62mil, lesoba 42mil;

Non-polar capacitor: 51*55mil (0805 sheet); Ka ho toba kenya sebaka 50mil, lesoba 28mil;

5. Hlokomela hore lithapo tsa motlakase le likhoele tse fatše li lokela ho ba radial ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ‘me likhoele tsa lipontšo ha lia lokela ho tlamelloa.

U ka ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho thibela tšitiso le ts’ebetsong ea motlakase joang?

U ka ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho thibela tšitiso le ts’ebetsong ea motlakase ha u etsa lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki le processor?

Tse ling tsa litsamaiso tse latelang li lokela ho ela hloko ka ho khethehileng tšitiso e khahlanong le motlakase:

(1) microcontroller clock frequency e phahameng haholo-holo, potoloho ea bese ke sistimi e potlakileng haholo.

(2) Sisteme e na le matla a ho khanna a phahameng, a hajoale a ho khanna, joalo ka lesokoana le hlahisang tlhase, switch ea morao-rao, jj.

(3) sistimi e nang le potoloho e fokolang ea lets’oao la analoge le potoloho e nepahetseng ea phetoho ea A / D.

Ho nkuoa mehato e latelang ho eketsa matla a ts’itiso ea anti-electromagnetic ea sistimi:

(1) Khetha microcontroller ka maqhubu a tlaase:

Microcontroller e nang le maqhubu a tlase a oache ea kantle e ka fokotsa lerata ka katleho le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho thibela tšitiso ea sistimi. Square wave le sine wave ka maqhubu a tšoanang, karolo e phahameng ea maqhubu a square wave e ngata ho feta sine wave. Le ha boholo ba leqhubu le phahameng la leqhubu la sekwere bo le nyane ho feta leqhubu la motheo, ha leqhubu le phahama, ho ba bonolo ho tsoa le ho ba mohloli oa lerata. Lerata le nang le tšusumetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa le hlahisoang ke microcontroller ke makhetlo a 3 a maqhubu a oache.

(2) Fokotsa ho khopama phetisong ea matšoao

Li-Microcontroller li etsoa haholo-holo ke theknoloji ea CMOS e lebelo haholo. Static input current signal input at about 1 ma, around ten pf in the input capacitance, high input impedance, high speed CMOS circuit outputs are fairly on load capacity, namely the considerable output value, the output end of a door through a very long lead to the high input, the input impedance reflection problem is very serious, it will cause the signal distortion, Eketsa lerata la tsamaiso. Ha Tpd “Tr”, e fetoha bothata ba mohala oa phetisetso, e tlameha ho nahana ka ponts’o ea lets’oao, ho ts’oana ha impedance joalo-joalo.

Nako ea ho lieha ha lets’oao lebokoseng le hatisitsoeng e amana le tšitiso ea moetapele, ke hore, khafetsa ea dielectric ea thepa ea boto e hatisitsoeng. Lipontšo li ka nkoa li tsamaea pakeng tsa 1/3 le 1/2 lebelo la khanya holim’a litopo tsa PCB. Tr (nako e tloaelehileng ea ho lieha) ea likarolo tsa mohala tsa logic tse sebelisoang hangata lits’ebetsong tse entsoeng ka li-microcontroller li pakeng tsa 3 le 18ns.

Ka boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng, lets’oao le feta ka li-resistor tsa 7W le lead ea 25cm, ka tieho ea inthaneteng e ka bang 4 ho isa 20ns. That is to say, the signal on the printed line lead as short as possible, the longest should not exceed 25cm. ‘Me palo ea likoti e lokela ho ba nyane kamoo ho ka khonehang, ka ho khetheha e se ke ea feta 2.

Ha nako ea ho phahama ha lets’oao e potlakile ho feta nako ea ho lieha ha lets’oao, ho sebelisoa elektroniki e potlakileng. Mothating ona, ho ts’oanela ho ts’oana ha mohala oa phetiso ho lokela ho nahanoa. Bakeng sa phetiso ea lipontšo lipakeng tsa li-block tse kopantsoeng botong ea potoloho ea PRINTED, Td Trd e lokela ho qojoa. Ha boto ea potoloho e hatisoa e le kholoanyane, sistimi e ke ke ea potlaka haholo.