Yosindikizidwa Circuit Board (PCB), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Printed Circuit Board (PCB), imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga kwamagetsi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza malamulo ofunikira a masanjidwe a PCB ndi ma waya.

Tsatanetsatane wa malamulo ofunikira a PCB board masanjidwe ndi mawaya

Basic rules of component layout

1. According to the layout of circuit modules, the related circuit to achieve the same function is called a module, the components in the circuit module should adopt the principle of nearby concentration, and the digital circuit and analog circuit should be separated;

2. Zida, zipangizo ndi zomangira sizidzayikidwa mkati mwa 3.5mm (kwa M2.5) ndi 4mm (kwa M3) kuzungulira mabowo osakwera monga mabowo oyika ndi mabowo okhazikika mkati mwa 1.27mm;

3. Horizontal resistance, inductor (plug-in), electrolytic capacitor and other components under the cloth hole, so as to avoid the wave soldering hole and component shell short circuit;

4. Mbali yakunja ya chigawocho ndi 5mm kutali ndi m’mphepete mwa mbale;

5. Mtunda pakati pa mbali yakunja ya pad yokwera ndi mbali yakunja ya chinthu choyikirapo ndi chachikulu kuposa 2mm;

6. Zigawo zipolopolo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo (mabokosi otchinjiriza, etc.) sizingakhudze zigawo zina, sizingakhale pafupi ndi mzere wosindikizidwa, pad, kusiyana kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 2mm. The size of positioning holes, fastener mounting holes, elliptic holes and other square holes in the plate is greater than 3mm from the plate side;

7. Zinthu zotentha siziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mawaya ndi zinthu zotentha; Zida zotentha kwambiri ziyenera kugawidwa mofanana;

8. Soketi yamagetsi iyenera kukonzedwa mozungulira bolodi losindikizidwa momwe mungathere, ndipo chingwe cha waya cha socket ya mphamvu ndi basi yolumikizidwa nayo iyenera kukonzedwa kumbali yomweyo. Makamaka, musaike zitsulo zamagetsi ndi zolumikizira zina zowotcherera pakati pa zolumikizira kuti zithandizire kuwotcherera zitsulo izi ndi zolumikizira ndi mapangidwe ndi ma waya a zingwe zamagetsi. Kutalikirana kwa masiketi amagetsi ndi zolumikizira zowotcherera ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zithandizire kuyika ndi kuchotsa mapulagi amagetsi;

9. Mapangidwe a zigawo zina:

All IC components should be aligned unilaterally, and polarity marks of polar components should be clear. Polarity marks on the same printed board should not be more than two directions. When two directions appear, the two directions should be perpendicular to each other.

10, the surface wiring should be properly dense, when the density difference is too large should be filled with mesh copper foil, the grid is greater than 8mil (or 0.2mm);

11, the patch pad can not have through holes, so as to avoid the loss of solder paste resulting in virtual welding components. Chizindikiro chofunikira sichiloledwa kudutsa phazi lazitsulo;

12, chigamba cha unilateral kuyanjanitsa, mayendedwe okhazikika, mayendedwe ophatikizika;

13. Zida za polar ziyenera kulembedwa mbali imodzi momwe zingathere pa bolodi lomwelo.

Awiri, chigawo malamulo mawaya

1. Jambulani malo opangira mawaya mkati mwa dera ≤1mm kuchokera pamphepete mwa bolodi la PCB, ndi mkati mwa 1mm kuzungulira dzenje lokwera, ndikuletsa mawaya;

2. Chingwe chamagetsi kukula momwe ndingathere, sichiyenera kukhala chochepera 18mil; M’lifupi mwa mzere wa siginecha siyenera kuchepera 12mil; CPU incoming and outgoing lines should not be less than 10mil (or 8mil); Kutalikirana kwa mizere osachepera 10mil;

3. Bowo labwinobwino silochepera 30mil;

4. Ikani mizere iwiri: pedi 60mil, pobowo 40mil;

1/4W kukana: 51 * 55mil (0805 pepala); Direct Ikani PAD 62mil, kabowo 42mil;

Non-polar capacitor: 51 * 55mil (0805 pepala); Direct Ikani PAD 50mil, kabowo 28mil;

5. Dziwani kuti zingwe zamagetsi ndi zingwe zapansi ziyenera kukhala zozungulira momwe zingathere, ndipo zingwe zowonetsera siziyenera kutsekedwa.

Momwe mungasinthire luso la anti-interference komanso kuyanjana kwamagetsi?

Momwe mungasinthire luso loletsa kusokoneza komanso kuyanjana kwamagetsi mukamapanga zinthu zamagetsi ndi purosesa?

1. Zina mwazinthu izi ziyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kusokoneza kwa anti-electromagnetic:

(1) microcontroller wotchi pafupipafupi makamaka mkulu, basi mkombero ndi kudya dongosolo.

(2) Dongosololi lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, zoyendetsa pakali pano, monga spark generating relay, high-current switch, etc.

(3) dongosolo lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe ofooka a analogi ozungulira komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa A/D.

2. Njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya anti-electromagnetic interference system:

(1) Sankhani microcontroller yokhala ndi ma frequency otsika:

The microcontroller yokhala ndi mawotchi otsika akunja akunja amatha kuchepetsa phokoso ndikuwongolera luso loletsa kusokoneza dongosolo. Square wave ndi sine wave yokhala ndi ma frequency omwewo, gawo lalikulu la ma square wave ndi lochulukirapo kuposa sine wave. Ngakhale matalikidwe a gawo lalikulu la ma frequency a square wave ndi ocheperako kuposa mafunde oyambira, kumtunda kwafupipafupi, ndikosavuta kutulutsa ndikukhala gwero laphokoso. Phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe limapangidwa ndi microcontroller ndi pafupifupi 3 nthawi za mawotchi.

(2) Chepetsani kupotoza potumiza chizindikiro

Ma Microcontrollers amapangidwa makamaka ndiukadaulo wothamanga kwambiri wa CMOS. Static input current signal input at about 1 ma, around ten pf in the input capacitance, high input impedance, high speed CMOS circuit outputs are fairly on load capacity, namely the considerable output value, the output end of a door through a very long lead to the high input, the input impedance reflection problem is very serious, it will cause the signal distortion, Wonjezerani phokoso ladongosolo. Pamene Tpd “Tr”, imakhala vuto la mzere wopatsirana, iyenera kuganizira zowunikira, kufananiza kwa impedance ndi zina zotero.

Nthawi yochedwa ya siginecha pa bolodi losindikizidwa ikugwirizana ndi kulepheretsa kwa kutsogolera, ndiko kuti, kusinthasintha kwa dielectric kwazinthu zosindikizidwa. Zizindikiro zitha kuganiziridwa kuti zimayenda pakati pa 1/3 ndi 1/2 liwiro la kuwala pamwamba pa ma PCB. Tr (nthawi yochedwa yokhazikika) yama foni omveka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’makina opangidwa ndi ma microcontrollers ali pakati pa 3 ndi 18ns.

Pa bolodi losindikizidwa, chizindikirocho chimadutsa pa 7W resistor ndi 25cm kutsogolo, ndi kuchedwa kwa intaneti kwa pafupifupi 4 mpaka 20ns. That is to say, the signal on the printed line lead as short as possible, the longest should not exceed 25cm. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabowo kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, makamaka osapitilira 2.

Pamene nthawi yokweza chizindikiro imakhala yothamanga kwambiri kuposa nthawi yochedwa chizindikiro, magetsi othamanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakadali pano, kufananiza kofananira kwa chingwe chopatsira kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Pakutumiza kwa ma siginecha pakati pa midadada yophatikizika pa bolodi ya PRINTED, Td Trd iyenera kupewedwa. The lalikulu kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, mofulumira dongosolo sangakhale mofulumira kwambiri.