Birao boribory vita pirinty (PCB), fantatra koa amin’ny hoe Printed Circuit Board (PCB), dia ampiasaina hampifandraisana sy hiasa singa elektronika ary ampahany lehibe amin’ny famolavolana Power Circuit. Ity lahatsoratra ity dia hampiditra ny fitsipika fototra amin’ny fika sy ny tariby PCB.

Ampahafantaro ny fitsipika fototry ny fisehon’ny birao PCB sy ny tariby

Basic rules of component layout

1. According to the layout of circuit modules, the related circuit to achieve the same function is called a module, the components in the circuit module should adopt the principle of nearby concentration, and the digital circuit and analog circuit should be separated;

2. Ireo singa, fitaovana ary visy dia tsy tokony hapetraka ao anatin’ny 3.5mm (ho an’ny M2.5) sy 4mm (ho an’ny M3) manodidina ireo lavaka tsy misy fametrahana toy ny lavaka fametrahana sy lavaka mahazatra ao anatin’ny 1.27mm;

3. Horizontal resistance, inductor (plug-in), electrolytic capacitor and other components under the cloth hole, so as to avoid the wave soldering hole and component shell short circuit;

4. Ny ampahany ivelany amin’ny singa dia 5mm miala amin’ny sisin’ny takelaka;

5. Ny elanelana eo amin’ny lafiny ivelany amin’ny pad amin’ny fametrahana singa sy ny lafiny ivelany amin’ny singa fampidirana mifanakaiky dia mihoatra ny 2mm;

6. Ireo singa akorandriaka vita amin’ny vy sy faritra vy (boaty miaro sns) tsy afaka mikasika ireo singa hafa, tsy afaka manakaiky ny tsipika vita pirinty, pad, ny elanelana tokony ho lehibe kokoa noho ny 2mm. The size of positioning holes, fastener mounting holes, elliptic holes and other square holes in the plate is greater than 3mm from the plate side;

7. Ny singa fanafanana dia tsy tokony ho akaiky ny tariby sy ny singa mafana; Ireo fitaovana avo lenta dia tokony zaraina mitovy;

8. Ny socket power dia tokony hapetraka manodidina ny tabilao vita pirinty araka izay tratra, ary ny fantson’ny tariby misy ny tadin’ny herinaratra sy ny bara mifamatotra amin’izany dia tokony hapetraka amin’ny lafiny iray ihany. Indrindra indrindra, aza apetraka eo anelanelan’ny connecteurs ny sockets herinaratra sy ny connecteurs lasantsy hafa mba hanamora ny fampifandraisana ireo socket sy connecteur ireo ary ny famolavolana sy ny fametahana tariby herinaratra. Tokony hojerena ny elanelan’ny faladiam-pahefana sy ny connecteur lasantsy mba hanamorana ny fampidirana sy ny fanesorana ny plugs;

9. Layout an’ny singa hafa:

All IC components should be aligned unilaterally, and polarity marks of polar components should be clear. Polarity marks on the same printed board should not be more than two directions. When two directions appear, the two directions should be perpendicular to each other.

10, the surface wiring should be properly dense, when the density difference is too large should be filled with mesh copper foil, the grid is greater than 8mil (or 0.2mm);

11, the patch pad can not have through holes, so as to avoid the loss of solder paste resulting in virtual welding components. Ny tsipika famantarana lehibe dia tsy mahazo mandalo amin’ny faladiany;

12, patch unilateral alignment, toromarika toetra tsy miovaova, toromarika fonosana tsy miovaova;

13. Ireo fitaovana polar dia tokony homarihina amin’ny làlan-kaleha araka izay azo atao amin’ny takelaka iray ihany.

Faharoa, fitsipika wiring singa

1. Ataovy sary ny faritra misy tariby ao anatin’ny faritra ≤1mm amin’ny sisin’ny birao PCB, ary ao anatin’ny 1mm manodidina ny lavaka fametahana, ary mandrara ny tariby;

2. Ny tsipika herinaratra arak’izay azo atao dia tsy tokony ho latsaky ny 18mil; Ny sakan’ny tsipika famantarana dia tsy tokony ho latsaky ny 12mil; CPU incoming and outgoing lines should not be less than 10mil (or 8mil); Ny elanelan’ny tsipika tsy latsaky ny 10mil;

3. Ny lavaka mahazatra dia tsy latsaky ny 30mil;

4. Insert tsipika roa: pad 60mil, aperture 40mil;

1/4W fanoherana: 51*55mil (0805 taratasy); Direct insert pad 62mil, aperture 42mil;

Kapasera tsy misy polar: 51 * 55mil (ravina 0805); Direct insert pad 50mil, aperture 28mil;

5. Mariho fa ny tariby mandeha amin’ny herinaratra sy ny tariby ifotony dia tokony ho radial araka izay tratra, ary ny tariby famantarana dia tsy tokony hodidinina.

Ahoana no hanatsarana ny fahaiza-manaon’ny anti-interference sy ny fifanarahana elektromagnetika?

Ahoana ny fanatsarana ny fahaiza-manaon’ny fitsabahana sy ny fifanarahana elektromagnetika rehefa mamolavola vokatra elektronika miaraka amin’ny processeur?

1. Ny sasany amin’ireto rafitra manaraka ireto dia tokony handinika manokana ny fanelingelenana anti-elektromagnetika:

(1) ny refin’ny famantaranandro mikraoba dia avo indrindra, ny tsingerin’ny bus dia rafitra haingana indrindra.

(2) Ny rafitra dia misy herinaratra avo lenta, avo lenta amin’izao fotoana izao, toy ny relay miteraka tsimokaretina, switch avo lenta, sns.

(3) rafitra misy boribory famantarana analog malemy ary boribory fiovam-po A / D avo lenta.

2. Ireto fepetra manaraka ireto dia raisina mba hampitomboana ny fahafaha-manelingelina anti-electromagnetic an’ny rafitra:

(1) Misafidiana mikrokontroler ambany matetika:

Ny microcontroller miaraka amin’ny fatran’ny famantaranandro ivelany ambany dia afaka mampihena ny tabataba ary manatsara ny fahaiza-manaon’ny rafitra manohitra ny fitsabahana. Ny onjan’ny kianja sy ny onjam-peo miaraka amin’ny matetika mitovy, ny singa avo lenta amin’ny onjam-peo dia mihoatra lavitra noho ny onjam-peo. Na dia kely kokoa noho ny an’ny onja fototra aza ny amplitude ny singa matetika ao amin’ny onja toradroa, dia vao mainka mora ny mamoaka azy ary lasa loharano mitabataba. Ny tabataba avo lenta indrindra ateraky ny microcontroller dia manodidina ny in-3 amin’ny famantaranandro.

(2) Ahena ny fikorontanan’ny fifindran’ny famantarana

Ny microcontrollers dia novokarin’ny teknolojia CMOS haingam-pandeha. Static input current signal input at about 1 ma, around ten pf in the input capacitance, high input impedance, high speed CMOS circuit outputs are fairly on load capacity, namely the considerable output value, the output end of a door through a very long lead to the high input, the input impedance reflection problem is very serious, it will cause the signal distortion, Ampitomboy ny tabataban’ny rafitra. Rehefa Tpd “Tr”, lasa olana amin’ny tsipika fampitana, dia tsy maintsy mandinika ny fisaintsainana famantarana, ny impedance mifanentana sy ny sisa.

Ny fotoana fihemoran’ny famantarana amin’ny tabilao vita pirinty dia mifandraika amin’ny tsy fitovian’ny firaka, izany hoe ny tsy fetezan’ny diélectric an’ireo fitaovana vita pirinty. Ny famantarana dia azo heverina ho mandeha eo anelanelan’ny 1/3 sy 1/2 ny hafainganam-pandehan’ny hazavana amin’ny fitarihana PCB. Ny Tr (fotoana fanemorana manara-penitra) an’ny singa lojika an-telefaona ampiasaina matetika amin’ny rafitra misy microcontrollers dia eo anelanelan’ny 3 sy 18ns.

Eo amin’ny solaitrabe vita pirinty, ny famantarana dia mandalo amin’ny resistor 7W sy fitarihana 25cm, miaraka amin’ny fahatarana an-tserasera eo amin’ny 4 ka hatramin’ny 20ns eo ho eo. That is to say, the signal on the printed line lead as short as possible, the longest should not exceed 25cm. Ary ny isan’ny lavaka dia tokony ho kely araka izay azo atao, indrindra fa tsy mihoatra ny 2.

Rehefa haingana kokoa ny fotoana fiakaran’ny signal raha oharina amin’ny ora fanemorana famantarana, ampiharina ny elektronika haingana. Amin’izao fotoana izao dia tokony hojerena ny fampifanarahana impedance amin’ny tsipika fampitana. Ho an’ny fampitana signal eo anelanelan’ny block miaraka amin’ny board PRINTED dia tokony hialana ny Td Trd. Arakaraka ny haben’ny takelaka vita pirinty no ahavitana haingana kokoa ny rafitra.