Na daya, gabatarwa

Tare da fitowar samfuran madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, shigarwa da gwaji na PCB ya zama mafi mahimmanci. The general test of printed circuit board is the traditional test technology of PCB industry.

Za’a iya gano fasahar gwajin wutar lantarki ta farko ta duniya zuwa ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s. Tunda abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a wancan lokacin duk ƙa’idodin daidaitaccen tsari (Pitch 100mil) da PCB kawai suna da matakin yawa na THT (ta hanyar rami), masana’antun injin gwajin Turai da Amurka sun ƙera madaidaicin gwajin gwajin grid. Muddin an shirya abubuwan da aka haɗa da wayoyi akan PCB gwargwadon daidaitaccen nisan, kowane wurin gwajin zai faɗi akan madaidaicin ma’aunin grid, saboda ana iya amfani da duk PCBS a wancan lokacin, don haka ake kira injin gwajin duniya.

, godiya ga haɓaka kayan haɗin fasahar semiconductor sun fara samun ƙaramin fakiti da encapsulation na SMT (SMT), daidaitaccen ma’aunin gwajin duniya ya fara daina aiki, sannan a tsakiyar – casa’in – s, mu da masana’antun Turai kuma mun gabatar da ninki biyu. injin gwaji mai yawa, haɗe tare da amfani da wani na’ura mai haɗin keɓaɓɓiyar keɓaɓɓiyar keɓaɓɓiyar injin da madaidaicin don canza wuraren gwajin PCB, Tare da balaga a hankali na tsarin masana’anta na HDI, gwajin duniya mai yawa sau biyu ba zai iya cika buƙatun gwaji ba, don haka a kusa da 2000, Masu kera injin gwajin na Turai sun ƙaddamar da injin gwaji na duniya mai ninki huɗu.

Na biyu, maɓallin fasaha na gwaji gaba ɗaya

1. Abun canzawa

To meet the test requirements of most HDI PCBS, the test area must be large enough, usually with the following standard sizes: 9.6 × 12.8 (inch), 16 × 12.8 (inch), 24 × 19.2 (inch), a cikin yanayin ninki biyu na Cikakken Grid, wuraren gwajin manyan abubuwan da ke sama guda uku sune 49512, 81920, 184320, adadin lantarki abubuwan da aka gyara sun kai daruruwan dubbai, Abun canzawa shine babban sashi don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na gwajin, kuma ana buƙatar samun juriya mai ƙarfi (& GT; 300V), ƙarancin zubar ruwa da sauran kaddarorin, da kaddarorin lantarki kamar ƙimar juriya yakamata su kasance masu daidaituwa da daidaituwa, don haka wannan nau’in abubuwan dole ne su bi ta hanyar tsaftacewa da ganowa, galibi tare da transistors ko bututu masu tasirin filin azaman canza abubuwan da aka gyara.

Advantages and disadvantages of crystal triode:

Abvantbuwan amfãni: low cost, karfi antistatic rushewar ikon, babban kwanciyar hankali;

Disadvantages: current drive, complex circuit, need to isolate base current (Ib) influence, high power consumption

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin FETS:

Abvantbuwan amfãni: ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kewaya mai sauƙi, mara tasiri ta halin yanzu (Ib), ƙarancin wutar lantarki

Hasara: tsada mai tsada, rushewar electrostatic cikin sauƙi, buƙatar ƙara matakan kariya na lantarki, kwanciyar hankali ba shi da girma, don haka zai haɓaka farashin kulawa.

2. Independence of grid points

Cikakken Grid

Kowace grid yana da madaidaicin sauyawa mai zaman kansa, wato, kowane batu yana mamaye rukunin abubuwan canzawa da layi, duk yankin gwajin na iya zama ninki huɗu na allurar.

Raba Grid

Saboda yawan adadin abubuwan canzawa a cikin cikakken Grid da rikitarwa na kewaye, yana da wahalar ganewa, don haka wasu masana’antun gwajin suna amfani da fasahar raba Grid don yin maki da yawa a fannoni daban -daban Raba ƙungiyar abubuwan canzawa da da’irori, don haka don rage wahalar wayoyi da adadin abubuwan canzawa, wanda ake kira Share Grid. Ofaya daga cikin manyan lahani na hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo shine cewa idan maki a cikin yanki an mamaye su gaba ɗaya, ba za a iya amfani da maki a yankin da aka raba ba, don haka rage girman yankin zuwa ɗimbin yawa. Sabili da haka, har yanzu akwai ƙalubalen yawa a cikin gwajin HDI a cikin babban yanki.

3. Abun da aka tsara

Ginin zamani

Duk madaidaitan sauyawa, sassan tuki da abubuwan sarrafawa suna haɗewa sosai a cikin saiti na modulu na katin canzawa, yankin gwajin za a iya haɗa shi da yardar rai ta hanyar ƙirar, kuma yana iya zama mai musanyawa, ƙarancin ƙarancin gazawa, kulawa mai sauƙi da haɓakawa, amma babban farashi.

Tsarin rauni

Rukunin yana kunshe da allurar bazara mai juyawa da katin canzawa, wanda ke da ƙarar girma kuma babu sarari don haɓakawa, kuma yana da wahalar kulawa idan akwai gazawa.

4. Tsarin kayan aiki

Dogon tsarin allura

Gabaɗaya yana nufin allurar ƙarfe shine 3.75 ″ (95.25mm) na tsarin tsayayye, fa’idar babban gangaren allura, yanki naúrar za a iya warwatsa maki allura fiye da gajeriyar tsarin allura sama da 20%~ 30%. Amma ƙarfin tsarin ba shi da kyau, samar da kayan aiki ya kamata ya kula don ƙarfafawa.

Short gajeren tsarin tsayarwa

Gabaɗaya yana nufin allurar karfe shine 2.0 ″ (50.8mm) tsarin tsayayyen tsari, fa’idar ƙarfin tsarin yana da kyau, amma gangaren allura ƙarami ne.

5. Software na taimako (CAM)

Taimakon CAM mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci a cikin gwaji na duniya mai yawa kuma ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa biyu:

Binciken cibiyar sadarwa da gwajin gwajin gwaji;

Mataimakiyar kayan samarwa.

Sakamakon tsarin samar da kayan aiki da yawa na sigogi (kamar tsarin shimfidar shimfidar wuri, ramin rami, nisan ramin aminci, tsarin ginshiƙi, da sauransu) suna da tasiri sosai sakamakon gwajin tsayayyen kayan aiki, dole ne ƙwararren masanin injiniyan ya ba da wannan sashi. koyaushe yana taƙaita ƙwarewa, don yin mafi dacewa.

Uku, yawa biyu da kwatankwacin yawa

Na farko, za mu iya gama katako mai yawa guda biyu ba zai iya gwadawa ba, bazara a kan gado saboda ƙyallen ƙyallen allura da ƙimar ma’aunin gwaji a kan gwajin gwajin PCB don ƙarfe daban -daban dole ne ya sami wani gangara, kunna grid ɗin da za ku iya kasance daga grid, ƙarfe Angle shine, duk da haka, yana iyakance ta tsarin, ba zai iya zama ƙari ba, Gabaɗaya, allurar ƙarfe ninki biyu

Gangarawa (nisan nesa na nesa na allurar ƙarfe a cikin tsayayyen) ya kai 700mil, kuma ɗimbin huɗu shine 400mil. Sannan, yana yiwuwa a samar da abin mamaki na rashin iya dasa allura, irin waɗannan allurar za a iya lissafa su.

Bugu da kari, a bayyane zai iya inganta gwaji a cikin sakamakon gwajin ƙimar ƙarya da ƙwanƙwasawa, girman lattice mai girma huɗu a kowane murabba’in inch 400 maki, ninki biyu a maki 200, maki ɗaya a cikin tsayayye a ƙasa da yankin allura na iya rage rabin, don haka, yin amfani da yawa huɗu na iya rage ƙarfe Angle, tsayayye a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsayi iri ɗaya, Guda guda ɗaya da allura farantin gwaji mai yawa huɗu shine ainihin rabi na ninki biyu, allurar baƙin ƙarfe na Angle na iya tasiri yana da babban tasirin gwajin, gangaren an rage nisa na tsaye, matsin lamba na bazara zai ragu, kuma tsayayye a cikin kowane Layer na karfe a madaidaiciyar hanyar juriya yana ƙaruwa, yana kaiwa ga mummunan ƙarfe kafin tuntuɓar PAD. Bugu da kari, yayin aiwatar da gyare -gyare sama da ƙasa, ƙarshen allurar ƙarfe mai ƙyalli a cikin hulɗa da PCB zai sami nunin faifai akan farfajiyar PAD. Idan ƙarfin kayan aikin ba shi da kyau kuma ya lalace, allurar ƙarfe za ta makale a cikin kayan. A wannan lokacin, matsi na allurar ƙarfe akan PAD zai fi ƙarfin ƙarfi na allurar allurar gado mai allura, wanda zai haifar da shiga cikin mawuyacin hali. Gangaren allurar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi huɗu yana da ƙanƙanta fiye da ninki biyu, akwai ƙarin sarari don shigar da ginshiƙai masu goyan baya akan tsayayyen, don tsarin tsayayyar ya fi karko. Wani fa’idar ƙaramin gangara shine cewa yana rage girman ramin, don haka yana rage yiwuwar fashewar rami.

Don BGA tare da tazarar PAD na 20mil daidai gwargwado, matsakaicin gangarawar watsa allura shine 600mil don gwajin ninki biyu da 400mil don gwajin yawa huɗu. Adadin maki da za a iya shirya ta gwajin ninki biyu shine 441, kusan 0.17inch2, da 896, kusan 0.35inch2, bi da bi. Ainihin yana da ninki biyu, daga tabo.