Otu, mmeghe

Na ntoputa nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ integrated ngwaahịa circuit, echichi na ule nke PCB abawanyela na mkpa. The general test of printed circuit board is the traditional test technology of PCB industry.

Enwere ike weghachite teknụzụ nnwale eletriki izizi zuru ụwa ọnụ na ngwụsị 1970 na mbido 1980. Ebe ọ bụ na ngwa n’oge ahụ ngwungwu ọkọlọtọ niile akwadoro (Pitch 100mil) na PCB nwere naanị ogo njupụta THT (site na oghere), ndị nrụpụta igwe nnwale Europe na America haziri igwe nnwale ọkọlọtọ. Ọ bụrụhaala na a na -ahazi ngwa na eriri dị na PCB dị ka ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ si dị, ebe ule ọ bụla ga -ada na ntụpọ ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ, n’ihi na enwere ike iji PCBS niile n’oge ahụ, ya mere a na -akpọ ya igwe nyocha ụwa niile.

, ekele maka mmepe nke ngwa teknụzụ ihe mkpuchi semiconductor na -amalite inwe obere ngwugwu na ntinye SMT (SMT), njupụta ọkọlọtọ ule ụwa niile amaliteghị itinye n’ọrụ, mgbe ahụ n’etiti – iri itoolu – s, anyị na ndị na -emepụta Europe ewebatakwara okpukpu abụọ. igwe nnwale njupụta, jikọtara ya na iji igwe njikọ njikọ mkpọda nchara na ngwa iji gbanwee isi ule PCB, Site na ntozu ntozu nke usoro nrụpụta HDI, nnwale njupụta okpukpu abụọ enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ maka nnwale, yabụ n’ihe dị ka afọ 2000, ndị nrụpụta igwe nnwale nke Europe wepụtara igwe nnwale njupụta nwere okpukpu anọ.

Nke abụọ, teknụzụ bụ isi nke nnwale izugbe

1. Ihe mgbanwe

To meet the test requirements of most HDI PCBS, the test area must be large enough, usually with the following standard sizes: 9.6 × 12.8 (inch), 16 × 12.8 (inch), 24 × 19.2 (inch), n’ihe gbasara njupụta Grid zuru oke, isi ihe nnwale nke nha atọ dị n’elu bụ 49512, 81920, 184320, ọnụọgụ elektrọnik. components dị ọtụtụ narị puku, Ihe ngbanwe bụ akụkụ dị mkpa iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke nnwale ahụ, a ga -achọkwa ka ọ nwee nguzogide nrụgide dị elu (& GT; 300V), mgbapụta dị ala na ihe ndị ọzọ, yana akụrụngwa eletriki dị ka uru nkwụsi ike kwesịrị ịdị na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ụdị ngwa a ga-agabiga nyocha na nchọpụta siri ike, na-ejikarị transistors ma ọ bụ akpa mmetụta dị ka ihe na-agbanwe ihe.

Advantages and disadvantages of crystal triode:

Uru: ọnụ ala, ike mgbawa antistatic siri ike, nkwụsi ike dị elu;

Disadvantages: current drive, complex circuit, need to isolate base current (Ib) influence, high power consumption

Uru na ọghọm nke FETS:

Uru: voltaji chụpụrụ, sekit dị mfe, anaghị emetụta site na isi ugbu a (Ib), oriri ike dị ala

Ọghọm: ọnụ ahịa dị elu, ndakpọ electrostatic n’ụzọ dị mfe, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye usoro nchebe electrostatic, nkwụsi ike adịghị elu, yabụ na ọ ga -abawanye ọnụ ahịa mmezi.

2. Independence of grid points

Grid zuru ezu

Grid ọ bụla nwere loop na -agbanwe nnwere onwe, ya bụ, isi ihe ọ bụla nwere otu ihe na -agbanwe na ahịrị, mpaghara ule niile nwere ike okpukpu anọ nke agịga.

Ekekọrịta Grid

N’ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ịgbanwere ihe na Grid zuru oke yana mgbagwoju anya sekit, ọ siri ike ịghọta, yabụ ụfọdụ ndị na -emepụta ule na -eji teknụzụ nkesa Grid mee ọtụtụ isi ihe na mpaghara dị iche iche iji belata ihe isi ike nke wiring na ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe mgbanwe, nke a na -akpọ Share Grid. Otu n’ime ntụpọ dị ukwuu nke okporo ụzọ na -ekerịta bụ na ọ bụrụ na ejirila isi ihe dị na mpaghara eme ihe, enweghị ike iji isi ihe dị na mpaghara ahụ, si otú a belata njupụta nke mpaghara ahụ ka ọ bụrụ otu njupụta. Ya mere, a ka nwere nnukwu nsogbu na ule HDI na nnukwu mpaghara.

3. Nhazi nke usoro

Mwube nke modulu

Ngwakọta mgbanwe niile, akụkụ ịnya ụgbọ ala na ihe njikwa na -agbakwunyere nke ọma na modulu kaadị mgba ọkụ, mpaghara modulu nwere ike jikọta ya na modulu, yana enwere ike ịgbanwere ya, ọnụego ọdịda dị ala, mmezi dị mfe na nkwalite, mana ọnụ ahịa dị elu.

Nhazi ọnya

Ngwakọta ahụ nwere agịga mmiri na -efegharị efegharị na kaadị mgbawa nkewa, nke nwere nnukwu olu na enweghị oghere maka nkwalite, ọ na -esikwa ike idobe ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ daa.

4. Nhazi nke ndozi

Ogologo agịga Ọdịdị eletrik

N’ozuzu, ọ na -ezo aka na agịga nchara bụ 3.75 ″ (95.25mm) nke ihe nrụnye, uru nke nnukwu mkpọda agịga, mpaghara nwere ike gbasasịa isi agịga karịa ihe nrụpụta dị mkpụmkpụ karịa 20%~ 30%. Mana ike nrụpụta adịghị mma, nrụpụta nrụnye kwesịrị ị attentiona ntị na ike.

Short agịga Ọdịdị eletrik

Na -ezo aka na agịga nchara bụ 2.0 ″ (50.8mm) ihe nrụnye, uru nke ike nrụpụta dị mma, mana mkpọda agịga dị obere.

5. Ngwanrọ inyeaka (CAM)

Nkwado CAM kwesịrị ekwesị dị mkpa na nnwale njupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nwere ihe mejupụtara ya:

Nyocha netwọkụ na imepụta ebe ule;

Mmepụta nnyemaaka nkwado.

N’ihi usoro nrụpụta nrụpụta nke ọtụtụ paramita (dị ka ihe nrụpụta nke ihe ndozi, oghere oghere, oghere nchekwa, ogidi ogidi, wdg) na -emetụta mmetụta nnwale nnwale, akụkụ a ga -ekenye ya site n’aka onye nrụpụta ọkachamara ọzụzụ ọzụzụ, yana na -achịkọta ahụmịhe oge niile, iji mee ka mma dị mma.

Atọ, njupụta okpukpu abụọ na ntụnyere njupụta anọ

Nke mbụ, anyị nwere ike mechaa bọọdụ njupụta okpukpu anọ enweghị ike ịnwale, oge opupu ihe ubi n’elu ihe ndina n’ihi na njupụta agịga njupụta na njupụta nke ule na ntinye ule PCB maka nchara dị iche iche ga -enwerịrị mkpọda, gbanye grid ị nwere ike. pụọ na grid, nkuku Angle bụ, agbanyeghị, usoro a nwere oke ya, enweghị ike ịbụ ihe enweghị oke, N’ozuzu, agịga nchara abụọ njupụta

Mkpọda (ogologo mgbatị kwụ ọtọ nke agịga nchara na ihe ndozi) ruru 700mil, na njupụta anọ bụ 400mil. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ga -ekwe omume imepụta ihe atụ nke enweghị ike ịkụnye agịga, ole agịga dị otú a nwere ike gbakọọ.

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịkwalite ule na nsonaazụ nnwale nke ọnụego ụgha na ịbelata, njupụta lattice akụkụ anọ n’otu square inch 400, njupụta okpukpu abụọ na isi 200, otu isi ihe dị na ndozi na ala na agịga nwere ike belata ọkara, yabụ, iji njupụta anọ nwere ike belata nkuku Angle, ihe ndozi n’okpuru ọnọdụ otu ịdị elu, Otu mkpọda na agịga ule njupụta anọ bụ ọkara nke njupụta okpukpu abụọ, agịga nchara nkuku nwere ike imetụta nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu nke nnwale ahụ, mkpọda ahụ na -ebelata anya vetikal, nrụgide pin mmiri ga -agbada, yana itinye ya na akwa ọ bụla. nchara n’akụkụ kwụ ọtọ nke nguzogide na -abawanye, na -eduga na nchara ọjọọ tupu ịkpọtụrụ PAD. Na mgbakwunye, na usoro ịkpụ elu na mgbada, njedebe nke agịga nchara dị na kọntaktị na PCB ga -enwe ihe mmịfe dị n’elu n’elu PAD. Ọ bụrụ na ike nke ihe ndozi adịghị mma na nke nwere nkwarụ, agịga nchara ga -arapara n’ahụ. N’oge a, nrụgide nke agịga nchara na PAD ga -akarị ike na -agbanwe agbanwe nke agịga akwa agịga, nke ga -ebute ntinye n’ọnọdụ ndị siri ike. Mkpọda nịịlị nchara njupụta anọ pere mpe karịa njupụta okpukpu abụọ, enwere ohere karịa iji wụnye ogidi nkwado na ngwa ahụ, ka usoro nrụnye wee kwụsie ike. Uru ọzọ dị na mkpọda dị ntakịrị bụ na ọ na -ebelata nha oghere, si otú a na -ebelata ohere nke ịgbaji oghere.

Maka BGA nwere oghere PAD nke 20mil agbasaghị, oke mkpọda nke ịgbasa agịga bụ 600mil maka ule njupụta abụọ yana 400mil maka ule njupụta anọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ isi ihe enwere ike ịhazi site na nnwale njupụta abụọ bụ 441, ihe dị ka 0.17inch2, na 896, ihe dị ka 0.35inch2, n’otu n’otu. Ọ bụ njupụta okpukpu abụọ, site na ntụpọ.