Tsebo ea PCB

Hatisitsoeng Circuie Board (PCB) e khuts’oane bakeng sa Boto e hatisitsoeng ea potoloho. Hangata e le lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya letsoho, ho latela moralo o reriloeng esale pele, o entsoeng ka potoloho e hatisitsoeng, likarolo tse hatisitsoeng kapa motswako oa likhalase tse tsamaisang tse bitsoang potoloho e hatisitsoeng. Kerafo e tsamaisang ea khokahanyo ea motlakase lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fanoeng ho substrate e sirelletsang e bitsoa potoloho e hatisitsoeng. Ka tsela ena, potoloho e hatisitsoeng kapa mohala o hatisitsoeng oa boto e felileng e bitsoa boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng, e tsejoang hape e le boto e hatisitsoeng kapa boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng.

PCB e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsohle tsa elektroniki tseo re ka li bonang, ho tloha litebelong tsa elektroniki, li-calculator le likhomphutha ka kakaretso ho isa likhomphuteng, lisebelisoa tsa puisano tsa elektroniki le litsamaiso tsa libetsa tsa sesole. Hafeela ho se na likarolo tsa elektroniki joalo ka lisekete tse kopaneng, PCB e sebelisoa bakeng sa khokahano ea motlakase lipakeng tsa tsona. E fana ka ts’ehetso ea mochini bakeng sa kopano e sa fetoheng ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki joalo ka lisekete tse kopaneng, e lemoha khokahano ea motlakase le khokahano ea motlakase kapa motlakase pakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki joalo ka lisekete tse kopaneng, hape e fana ka litšobotsi tse hlokahalang tsa motlakase, joalo ka impedance e ikhethang, jj. ho fana ka mochini o thibelang ho itšireletsa o iketsang; Fana ka litlhaku le lits’oants’o tsa ho kenya likarolo, ho li hlahloba le ho li hlokomela.

PCBS e etsoa joang? Ha re bula koloi e kholo ea sepheo sa k’homphieutha e akaretsang, re ka bona filimi e bonolo (substrate e tenyetsehang habonolo) e hatisitsoeng ka lits’oants’o tse tšoeu tsa silevera (silevera) le litšoantšo tse ka bang teng. Ka lebaka la mokhoa oa ho hatisa skrine oa bokahohleng ho fumana graph ena, ka hona re bitsa boto ena ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng boto ea silivera e hatisitsoeng. Ho fapana le li-board tsa bo-mme, likarete tsa lits’oants’o, likarete tsa marang-rang, modem, likarete tsa molumo le liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng ho lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tseo re li bonang ho Computer City. Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tse sebelisitsoeng li entsoe ka setsi sa pampiri (hangata se sebelisetsoang lehlakore le le leng) kapa lesela la khalase (hangata le sebelisetsoa lehlakore le habeli le mekato e mengata), phenol kapa epoxy resin e kentsoeng pele ho nako, lehlakore le le leng kapa mahlakore ka bobeli a bokaholimo koporo buka ebe laminated phekola. Boto ea mofuta ona e koahela boto ea koporo ea libuka, re e bitsa boto e thata. Ebe re etsa boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng, re e bitsa boto ea potoloho e thata. Boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e nang le lits’oants’o tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng ka lehlakoreng le leng e bitsoa boto ea potoloho e sekametseng lehlakoreng le le leng, ‘me boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e nang le lits’oants’o tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng ka mahlakore ka bobeli e hokahane mahlakore ka bobeli ka metallization ea masoba, mme re e bitsa habeli -panele. Haeba u sebelisa lera le habeli, tsela e le ‘ngoe bakeng sa lera la kantle kapa lera le habeli, mabokose a mabeli a lera le le leng la kantle la boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng, ka sistimi ea boemo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa sekgomaretsi sa ho kopanya le khokahano ea likhakanyo tse tsamaisang likhakanyo ho latela tlhoko ea moralo oa potoloho e hatisitsoeng boto fetoha ba bane, tse tšeletseng lera hatisitsoeng oa potoloho boto, tsejoang hape e le multilayer hatisitsoeng oa potoloho boto. Hona joale ho na le mekhahlelo e fetang 100 ea liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng tse sebetsang.

Ts’ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PCB e batla e rarahane, e kenyelletsang lits’ebetso tse fapaneng, ho tloha ts’ebetsong e bonolo ea mochini ho ea ho ts’ebetso e rarahaneng ea mochini, ho kenyelletsa tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea lik’hemik’hale, photochemistry, electrochemistry, thermochemistry le lits’ebetso tse ling, moralo o thusang k’homphieutha (CAM) le tsebo e ngoe. Mme nakong ea mathata a ts’ebetso ea tlhahiso mme e tla lula e sebetsana le mathata a macha mme mathata a mang ha a ka a fumana lebaka le nyamela, hobane ts’ebetso ea eona ea tlhahiso ke mofuta oa mohala o tsoelang pele, khokahano efe kapa efe e fosahetseng e ka baka tlhahiso ho pholletsa le boto kapa litlamorao tsa palo e kholo ea likhechana, boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng haeba ho se na lisebelisoa tse nchafatsoang, Baenjineri ba ts’ebetso ba ka ba le khatello ea maikutlo, baenjiniere ba bangata ba tlohela indasteri ho ea sebetsa litšebeletsong tsa thekiso le tsa mahlale bakeng sa lik’hamphani tsa thepa ea PCB kapa thepa.

E le hore ho utloisisa ka ho eketsehileng ka PCB, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho utloisisa tshebetso tlhahiso ea hangata le ‘ngoe-ka lehlakoreng, habeli sekamela lehlakoreng le le hatisitsoeng oa potoloho boto le tloaelehileng multilayer boto, ho tebisa kutloisiso ea eona.

Boto e hatisitsoeng ka lehlakoreng le le leng: – se koahetsoeng ka koporo e le ‘ngoe – ho koala letho ho omella, ho omella), ho cheka kapa ho phunya -> mela ea khatiso ea skrine kapa mokhoa o ommeng oa filimi ho folisa poleiti ea ho lokisa, koporo ea koporo le e omileng ho hanela thepa ea khatiso, ho mofero, omileng, skrine ea khatiso ea ho tjheseletsa lits’oants’o tsa oli (oli e sebelisoang hangata), UV e phekola ho tšoaea litlhaku skrineng sa khatiso, ho folisa UV, ho futhumatsa, ho otla ka litebele le sebopeho – teko ea motlakase e bulehileng le e khuts’oane ea potoloho – ho hlatsoa, ​​ho omisa → pele ho ho roala tjheseletsa-ba khahlanong le oxidant (omileng) kapa thini-fafatsa chesang moea batalatsa → tlhahlobo ambalaji → o qetile lihlahisoa fektheri.

Boto e hatisitsoeng ka mahlakore a mabeli: – liboto tse koahetsoeng ka makhetlo a mabeli a koporo – ho koala letho – laminated – nc sekoti sa tataiso ea ho cheka – ho hlahloba, ho hlohlona ha mokokotlo – sethala sa lik’hemik’hale (tataiso ea metallization) skrine ea khatiso ea lits’oants’o tse mpe tsa potoloho, pheko (filimi e ommeng / filimi e metsi, ho pepeseha le nts’etsopele) – tlhahlobo le ho lokisa poleiti – line line grating le electroplating tin (ts’enyeho ea ts’epo ea nickel / khauta) -> ho hatisa lintho (ho roala) – koporo ea manya – (annealing tin) ho hlatsoa liaparo tse hloekileng, tse sebelisoang hangata tsa skrine ho hatisa mocheso ho folisa oli e tala (filimi e ommeng ea fensetere kapa filimi e metsi, ho pepeseha, nts’etsopele le ho folisa mocheso, hangata ho folisa mocheso oa oli e tala) le ho hloekisa ho omella, ho hlahloba letšoao la khatiso Grafiken ea semelo, ho folisa, (thini kapa filimi e sirelelitsoeng ka mochini o sirellelitsoeng) ho theha ts’ebetso, ho hloekisa, ho omisa liteko tsa motlakase, ho paka le lihlahisoa tse felileng.
Ka mokhoa oa metallization oa lesoba oa ho etsa tšebetso ea li-multilayer flow flow ho ea kahare ea koporo e koahetsoeng ka mahlakore a mabeli, ho hlatsoa ho cheka boemo ba lesoba, ho khomarela sekoaelo se ommeng kapa ho roala ho hanela ho pepeseha, nts’etsopele le mananose le filimi – ho fifala ka hare le ho kena moea – Cheke ea kahare – (tlhahiso ea mohala o ka ntle oa laminate tse koahetsoeng ka koporo e le ‘ngoe, B – lakane ea ho kopanya, tlhahlobo ea poleiti ea poleiti, sekoti sa boemo ba ho cheka) ho laminate, ho cheka taolo e’ maloa -> Hole le ho lekola pele ho kalafo le polasetiki ea koporo ea lik’hemik’hale – boto e felletseng le tlhahlobo e koahetsoeng ea koporo e tšesaane ea koporo – khomarela ho hanyetsa seaparo se ommeng sa filimi kapa ho roala ho moemeli oa ho roala ho apesa ponahalo e tlase, nts’etsopele le ho lokisa poleiti – line graph electroplating – kapa nickel / khauta le electroplating tin lead alloy ho filimi le mananose – cheke – lits’oants’o tsa lits’oants’o tsa ho tjheseletsa skrineng kapa lits’oants’o tse khantšitsoeng ke khanyafilimi e sirelelitsoeng) le taolo ea linomoro Ho hlatsoa sebopeho → ho hloekisa, ho omisa → tlhahlobo ea khokahano ea motlakase → tlhahlobo ea sehlahisoa e felileng

Ho ka bonoa ho tsoa chate ea tšebetso ea tšebetso hore ts’ebetso ea multilayer e ntlafalitsoe ho tloha ts’ebetsong ea metallization ea sefahleho tse peli. Ntle le ts’ebetso ea mahlakore a mabeli, e na le likateng tse ‘maloa tse ikhethileng: metallized hole interconnect, ho cheka le ho tlosa tšilafatso ea epoxy, sistimi ea ho beha lintho, lamination le lisebelisoa tse ikhethang.

Karete ea rona e tloaelehileng ea boto ea likhomphutha ke boto ea khalase ea epoxy e nang le mahlakore a mabeli e hatisitsoeng, e nang le lehlakore le le leng e kentsoeng likarolo ‘me lehlakore le leng ke karolo ea leoto ea ho tjheseletsa maoto, e bona hore manonyeletso a solder a lula a le teng, karolo ea maoto Holim’a manonyeletso ana a solder re e bitsa pad. Hobaneng ha lithapo tse ling tsa koporo li se na masenke ho tsona? Hobane ntle le poleiti ea solder le likarolo tse ling tsa tlhoko ea ho qhekella, karolo e setseng ea sefahleho e na le lera la filimi ea ho hanyetsa leqhubu. Filimi ea eona ea solder e kaholimo e tala, ‘me ba’ maloa ba sebelisa ‘mala o mosehla, o motsho, o moputsoa, ​​jj. Kahoo oli ea solder hangata e bitsoa oli e tala indastering ea PCB. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho thibela ketsahalo ea leqhubu la ho tjheseletsa leqhubu, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba welding le ho boloka solder joalo-joalo. Ho ke ke e boetse e lera le sireletsang ka ho sa feleng ea boto hatisitsoeng, ka phetha karolo ea mongobo, ts’enyeho, hlobo le abrasion phetha molao. Ho tsoa kantle, bokaholimo bo boreleli ebile bo khanyang bo thibelang filimi, e shebahalang e le ntle ho poleiti ea filimi le mocheso o folisa oli e tala. Ha se ponahalo feela e betere, ho bohlokoa hore ho nepahala ha pad ho phahame, ho ntlafatsa ts’epahalo ea kopane ea solder.

Joalokaha re bona ka har’a boto ea likhomphutha, likarolo li kentsoe ka mekhoa e meraro. Ts’ebetso ea ho kenya plug-in bakeng sa phetisetso eo karolo ea elektroniki e kenngoang ka har’a lesoba botong ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng. Ho bonolo ho bona hore boto ea potoloho e mahlakore a mabeli e hatisitsoeng ka masoba e tjena: e ‘ngoe ke karolo e bonolo e kenyang lesoba; Ea bobeli ke ho kenyelletsoa ha likarolo le khokahano ea mahlakore a mabeli ka lesoba; Tse tharo ke lehlakore le habeli le habeli ka lesoba; Tse ‘ne ke poleiti ea ho kenya le ho beha masoba. Mekhoa e meng e ‘meli ea ho hloa ke ho hloa bokaholimo le ho nyoloha ha chip ka kotloloho. Ebile, chip ea theknoloji e otlolohileng ka kotloloho e ka nkuoa e le lekala la mahlale a holimo a holimo, ke chip ka ho otloloha ho boto e hatisitsoeng, ebe e hokahantsoe le boto e hatisitsoeng ka mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa terata kapa mokhoa oa ho kenya lebanta, mokhoa oa ho phetla, boriti mokhoa le theknoloji e ‘ngoe ea ho paka. Bokaholimo ba tjheseletsa bo holim’a karolo ea karolo.

Theknoloji e holimo ea ho hloaea e na le melemo e latelang:

1) Hobane boto e hatisitsoeng e felisa boholo bo boholo ka lesoba kapa theknoloji e patiloeng ea lesoba, e ntlafatsa boleng ba wiring ka har’a boto e hatisitsoeng, e fokotsa sebaka sa boto e hatisitsoeng (ka kakaretso karolo ea boraro ea polokelo ea plug-in), hape e ka fokotsa palo ea likarolo tsa moralo le litšenyehelo tsa boto e hatisitsoeng.

2) Boima bo fokotsehileng, ts’ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts’isinyeho ea lefatše, ts’ebeliso ea colloidal solder le theknoloji e ncha ea ho tjheseletsa, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho ts’epahala.

3) Ka lebaka la keketseho ea letsoalo la wiring le khutsufatso ea bolelele ba lead, matla a likokoana-hloko le ho fokotsa likokoana-hloko ho fokotsehile, e leng se loketseng ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsa motlakase tsa boto e hatisitsoeng.

4) Ho bonolo ho hlokomela itsamaise ho feta ho kenya plug-in, ho ntlafatsa lebelo la ho kenya le tlhahiso ea basebetsi, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa kopano ka nepo.

Joalokaha ho ka bonoa ho tsoa theknoloji e kaholimo ea polokeho ea bokaholimo, ntlafatso ea mahlale a boto ea potoloho e ntlafatsoa ka ntlafatso ea mahlale a chip a pakiloeng le mahlale a holimo a holimo. Boto ea likhomphutha eo re e bonang hona joale e beha likarete tsa eona holim’a metsi e kenya sekhahla sa ho phahama khafetsa. Ebile, mofuta ona oa boto ea potoloho e sebelisang lits’oants’o tsa phetisetso ea skrine ha e khone ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tekheniki. Ka hona, boto e tloaelehileng ea potoloho e nepahetseng, linepe tsa eona tsa line le lits’oants’o tsa tjheseletsa ha e le hantle ke potoloho e mamelang le oli e tala e bobebe ts’ebetso ea tlhahiso.

Ka mokhoa oa nts’etsopele ea boto ea potoloho e phahameng, litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea boto ea potoloho li ntse li phahama le ho feta. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse ncha li sebelisoa ho hlahiseng boto ea potoloho, joalo ka theknoloji ea laser, lehoakhoa la photosensitive joalo-joalo. Tse kaholimo ke kenyelletso e kantle feela ea bokaholimo, ho na le lintho tse ngata tlhahiso ea boto ea potoloho ka lebaka la mathata a sebaka, joalo ka lesoba le foufetseng, boto e matsoelintsoeke, boto ea teflon, photolithography joalo joalo. Haeba o batla ho ithuta ka botebo, o hloka ho sebetsa ka thata.