PCB knowledge

Tejede Circuie Board (PCB) jẹ kukuru fun Igbimọ Circuit Tejede. Nigbagbogbo ninu awọn ohun elo idabobo, ni ibamu si apẹrẹ ti a ti pinnu tẹlẹ, ti a ṣe ti Circuit ti a tẹjade, awọn paati ti a tẹjade tabi apapọ ti awọn aworan adaṣe mejeeji ti a pe ni Circuit ti a tẹjade. Atọka ifọrọhan ti asopọ itanna laarin awọn paati ti a pese lori sobusitireti ti a sọ di mimọ ni a pe ni Circuit ti a tẹjade. Ni ọna yii, Circuit ti a tẹjade tabi laini titẹ ti igbimọ ti o pari ni a pe ni igbimọ Circuit ti a tẹjade, ti a tun mọ bi igbimọ atẹjade tabi igbimọ Circuit ti a tẹjade.

PCB is indispensable for almost all electronic equipment we can see, from electronic watches, calculators and general computers to computers, communication electronic equipment and military weapon systems. As long as there are no electronic components such as integrated circuits, PCB is used for the electrical interconnection between them. It provides mechanical support for fixed assembly of various electronic components such as integrated circuits, realizes wiring and electrical connection or electrical insulation between various electronic components such as integrated circuits, and provides required electrical characteristics, such as characteristic impedance, etc. At the same time to provide automatic solder blocking graph; Provide identification characters and graphics for component installation, inspection and maintenance.

How are PCBS made? When we open the thumb drive of a general-purpose computer, we can see a soft film (flexible insulating substrate) printed with silver-white (silver paste) conductive graphics and potential graphics. Because of the universal screen printing method to get this graph, so we call this printed circuit board flexible silver paste printed circuit board. Different from the motherboards, graphics cards, network cards, modems, sound cards and printed circuit boards on home appliances we see in Computer City. The base material used is made of paper base (usually used for single side) or glass cloth base (often used for double-sided and multi-layer), pre-impregnated phenolic or epoxy resin, one or both sides of the surface glued with copper book and then laminated curing. This kind of circuit board covers copper book board, we call it rigid board. Then we make a printed circuit board, we call it a rigid printed circuit board. A printed circuit board with printed circuit graphics on one side is called a single-sided printed circuit board, and a printed circuit board with printed circuit graphics on both sides is interconnected on both sides through the metallization of holes, and we call it a double-panel. If using a double lining, two one-way for outer layer or two double lining, two blocks of single outer layer of the printed circuit board, through the positioning system and alternate insulation adhesive materials and conductive graphics interconnection according to design requirement of printed circuit board becomes four, six layer printed circuit board, also known as multilayer printed circuit board. There are now more than 100 layers of practical printed circuit boards.

Ilana iṣelọpọ ti PCB is relatively complex, which involves a wide range of processes, from simple mechanical processing to complex mechanical processing, including common chemical reactions, photochemistry, electrochemistry, thermochemistry and other processes, computer-aided design (CAM) and other knowledge. And in the process of production process problems and will always meet new problems and some problems in didn’t find out the reason disappears, because its production process is a kind of continuous line form, any link wrong would caused production across the board or the consequences of a large number of scrap, printed circuit board if there is no recycling scrap, Process engineers can be stressful, so many engineers leave the industry to work in sales and technical services for PCB equipment or materials companies.

Lati le ni oye PCB siwaju sii, o jẹ dandan lati loye ilana iṣelọpọ ti igbagbogbo ni apa kan, igbimọ Circuit ti a tẹ lẹẹmeji ati igbimọ multilayer lasan, lati mu oye rẹ jinlẹ.

Ọkọ ti a tẹjade ti o ni ẹyọkan:-agbada idẹ kan ṣoṣo-fifin si scrub, gbẹ), liluho tabi lilu-> awọn ila titẹ sita iboju apẹrẹ tabi lilo resistance fiimu gbigbẹ si imularada awo atunṣe, idẹ idẹ ati gbigbẹ lati koju ohun elo titẹ sita, si scrub, gbẹ, iboju titẹ sita resistance awọn aworan alurinmorin (epo alawọ ewe ti a lo nigbagbogbo), itọju UV si kikọ isamisi awọn aworan kikọ awọn aworan, isọdọtun UV, preheating, punching, ati apẹrẹ-ṣiṣi ina ati idanwo Circuit kukuru-fifọ, gbigbẹ → iṣaaju-bo alurinmorin anti-oxidant (gbẹ) tabi tin-spraying gbona air ni ipele, ayewo apoti, pari awọn ọja factory.

Igbimọ atẹjade ti o ni ilopo-meji:-awọn lọọgan ti o ni idẹ-meji-blanking-laminated-nc drill iho iho-ayewo, scrub deburring-plating kemikali (metallization iho itọsọna)-pẹpẹ idẹ tinrin (igbimọ kikun)-scrub ayewo-> titẹ sita awọn aworan Circuit odi, imularada (fiimu gbigbẹ/fiimu tutu, ifihan ati idagbasoke) – ayewo ati tunṣe awo naa – ṣiṣapẹrẹ awọn laini ati tin tin (electroplating tin (resistance corrosion of nickel/goolu)) – (tin tin tin) lati wẹ, mimọ ti o wọpọ ti a lo iboju titẹ sita resistance alurinmorin ooru ti n ṣe itọju epo alawọ ewe (fiimu gbigbẹ fọtoyiya tabi fiimu tutu, ifihan, idagbasoke ati imularada ooru, igbagbogbo igbona epo alawọ ewe ti o ni fọto) ati fifọ gbẹ, si ami titẹ sita iboju awọn aworan ti ohun kikọ silẹ, imularada, (tin tabi fiimu alurinmorin ti a daabobo) lati ṣe agbekalẹ ilana, mimọ, gbigbẹ si idanwo pipa-itanna, apoti ati awọn ọja ti o pari.
Nipasẹ ọna iṣipopada iho ti iṣelọpọ ilana ṣiṣapẹẹrẹ pupọ si ṣiṣan ti inu inu ti o ni gige gige-apa meji, scrub lati lu iho ipo, duro si ibi ti o gbẹ tabi ti a bo lati koju si ifihan, idagbasoke ati etching ati fiimu-iṣupọ inu ati ifoyina -ayewo inu-(iṣelọpọ laini ita ti awọn laminates agbada idẹ nikan, B-iwe ifikọti, ayewo iwe adehun awo, iho ipo lilu) lati laminate, liluho iṣakoso pupọ-> Iho ati ṣayẹwo ṣaaju itọju ati idalẹnu Ejò kemikali-igbimọ kikun ati ayewo ti a fi bo idẹ tinrin – duro si atako si ṣiṣan fiimu ti o gbẹ tabi ti a bo si oluranlowo plating lati bo ifihan isalẹ, idagbasoke ati tunṣe awo naa – electroplating awọn aworan laini – tabi nickel/plating goolu ati electroplating tin lead alloy si fiimu ati etching – ṣayẹwo – awọn aworan titẹ sita resistance awọn aworan alurinmorin tabi awọn aworan alurinmorin resistance ti o fa ina – awọn aworan kikọ ti a tẹjade – (ipele afẹfẹ gbigbona tabi Organicfiimu alurinmorin ti o ni aabo) ati iṣakoso nọmba nọmba Fifọ fifọ, fifọ, gbigbe dete iṣawari asopọ itanna, ayewo ọja ti pari, ile -iṣẹ iṣakojọpọ.

O le rii lati aworan apẹrẹ ṣiṣan ilana pe ilana multilayer ti dagbasoke lati ilana iṣelọpọ irin oju meji. Ni afikun si ilana apa-meji, o ni ọpọlọpọ awọn akoonu alailẹgbẹ: isopọ ti inu iho ti irin, liluho ati ibajẹ epoxy, eto ipo, lamination, ati awọn ohun elo pataki.

Kaadi kọnputa kọnputa wa ti o wọpọ jẹ asọ gilasi iposii gilasi ni ilopo-apa tejede Circuit, eyiti o ni ẹgbẹ kan ti o fi sii awọn paati ati apa keji jẹ oju irin paati paati, le rii pe awọn papọ alurinmorin jẹ deede pupọ, paati ẹsẹ alailẹgbẹ mimọ. dada ti awọn isẹpo solder wọnyi a pe ni paadi. Kilode ti awọn okun idẹ miiran ko ni tin lori wọn? Nitori ni afikun si awo alurinmorin ati awọn ẹya miiran ti iwulo fun titọ, iyoku oju -ilẹ ni fẹlẹfẹlẹ ti fiimu alurinmorin resistance igbi. Fiimu solder dada rẹ jẹ alawọ ewe julọ, ati pe diẹ ni lilo ofeefee, dudu, buluu, ati bẹbẹ lọ, nitorinaa a ta epo epo nigbagbogbo ni epo alawọ ni ile -iṣẹ PCB. Iṣẹ rẹ ni lati ṣe idiwọ iyalẹnu alurinmorin igbi, mu didara alurinmorin ati fifipamọ solder ati bẹbẹ lọ. O tun jẹ fẹlẹfẹlẹ aabo ti o wa titi ti igbimọ ti a tẹjade, le ṣe ipa ti ọrinrin, ipata, imuwodu ati abrasion ẹrọ. Lati ita, oju -ilẹ jẹ didan ati fiimu didena alawọ ewe didan, eyiti o jẹ ifamọra si awo fiimu ati igbona epo alawọ ewe. Kii ṣe hihan nikan dara julọ, o ṣe pataki pe iṣedede paadi ga, nitorinaa lati mu igbẹkẹle wa ti apapọ tapọmọra.

Gẹgẹbi a ti le rii lati igbimọ kọnputa, awọn paati ti fi sii ni awọn ọna mẹta. Ilana fifi sori ẹrọ ohun itanna fun gbigbe ninu eyiti a fi sii paati itanna sinu iho-nipasẹ lori igbimọ Circuit ti a tẹjade. O rọrun lati rii pe igbimọ Circuit ti a tẹ ni ilopo-meji nipasẹ awọn iho jẹ bi atẹle: ọkan jẹ iho ifibọ paati ti o rọrun; Ẹlẹẹkeji jẹ ifibọ paati ati isopọ-apa meji nipasẹ iho; Mẹta ni o rọrun ni ilopo-apa nipasẹ iho; Mẹrin ni fifi sori awo ipilẹ ati iho ipo. Awọn ọna iṣagbesori meji miiran jẹ iṣagbesori dada ati iṣagbesori directlyrún taara. Ni otitọ, imọ -ẹrọ iṣagbesori taara ni canrún ni a le gbero bi ẹka ti imọ -ẹrọ iṣagbesori dada, o jẹ chiprún taara ti a lẹ pọ si igbimọ ti a tẹjade, lẹhinna sopọ si igbimọ ti a tẹjade nipasẹ ọna alurinmorin waya tabi ọna ikojọpọ igbanu, ọna isipade, asiwaju tan ina ọna ati imọ -ẹrọ iṣakojọpọ miiran. Awọn alurinmorin dada jẹ lori paati dada.

Imọ -ẹrọ iṣagbesori dada ni awọn anfani wọnyi:

1) Nitori ọkọ ti a tẹjade ni imukuro nla nipasẹ iho tabi imọ-ẹrọ isopọpọ iho ti o sin, mu iwuwo wiwọn wa lori ọkọ ti a tẹjade, dinku agbegbe igbimọ ti a tẹjade (ni gbogbogbo idamẹta ti fifi sori ẹrọ afikun), ati pe o tun le dinku nọmba naa ti awọn fẹlẹfẹlẹ apẹrẹ ati awọn idiyele ti igbimọ atẹjade.

2) Iwuwo ti o dinku, ilọsiwaju iṣẹ jigijigi, lilo colloidal solder ati imọ -ẹrọ alurinmorin tuntun, ilọsiwaju didara ọja ati igbẹkẹle.

3) Nitori ilosoke ti iwuwo okun ati kikuru gigun gigun, agbara parasitic ati inductance parasitic ti dinku, eyiti o jẹ itara diẹ sii si imudara awọn eto itanna ti igbimọ ti a tẹjade.

4) O rọrun lati mọ adaṣe ju fifi sori ẹrọ lọ, mu iyara fifi sori ẹrọ ati iṣelọpọ iṣẹ ṣiṣẹ, ati dinku idiyele apejọ ni ibamu.

As can be seen from the above surface safety technology, the improvement of circuit board technology is improved with the improvement of chip packaging technology and surface mounting technology. The computer board that we see now card its surface stick installs rate to rise ceaselessly. In fact, this kind of circuit board reuse transmission screen printing line graphics is unable to meet the technical requirements. Therefore, the ordinary high precision circuit board, its line graphics and welding graphics are basically sensitive circuit and sensitive green oil ilana iṣelọpọ.

Pẹlu aṣa idagbasoke ti igbimọ Circuit iwuwo giga, awọn ibeere iṣelọpọ ti igbimọ Circuit n di giga ati ga julọ. Awọn imọ -ẹrọ tuntun siwaju ati siwaju sii ni a lo si iṣelọpọ ti igbimọ Circuit, gẹgẹ bi imọ -ẹrọ lesa, resini ti o ni fọto ati bẹbẹ lọ. Eyi ti o wa loke jẹ diẹ ninu ifihan lasan ti dada, ọpọlọpọ awọn nkan wa ni iṣelọpọ ti igbimọ Circuit nitori awọn idiwọ aaye, gẹgẹ bi iho afọju, igbimọ yikaka, igbimọ teflon, photolithography ati bẹbẹ lọ. Ti o ba fẹ kawe ni ijinle, o nilo lati ṣiṣẹ takuntakun.