The substrate ea PCB ka boeona e entsoe ka thepa e insulated le khahlanong le ho kobeha. Lintho tse nyenyane tsa potoloho tse ka bonoang holim’a metsi ke foil ea koporo. Qalong, foil ea koporo e koahetsoe holim’a boto eohle ea PCB, empa karolo e bohareng e kenngoa ts’ebetsong ea tlhahiso, ‘me karolo e setseng e fetoha marang-rang a lipotoloho tse nyenyane.

Mokhoa oa ho etsa Boto ea PCB

Lithapo tsena li bitsoa li-conductor kapa lithapo ‘me li sebelisetsoa ho fana ka likhokahano tsa motlakase pakeng tsa likarolo tse ho PCB. Hangata ‘mala oa PCB boto e tala kapa sootho, e leng’ mala oa solder hanyetsa pente. Lera le sireletsang le sireletsang terata ea koporo le ho thibela likarolo tse ling hore li se ke tsa chesetsoa sebakeng se fosahetseng.

Tlhahiso ea PCB e qala ka “substrate” e entsoeng ka Glass Epoxy kapa thepa e ts’oanang. Mohato oa pele ke ho etsa photomap wiring pakeng tsa likarolo ka “khatiso” mela negatives tsa boto e etselitsoeng PCB holim’a mokhanni oa tšepe ka mokhoa oa Subtractive transfer.

Thetso ke ho jala lesela le tšesaane la koporo holim’a koporo le ho tlosa ntho efe kapa efe e fetelletseng. Haeba o etsa PCB ea liphanele tse peli, foil ea koporo e tla koahela mahlakore ka bobeli a substrate. ‘Me batla ho etsa multilayer boto ho khona ho etsa tse peli habeli sefahleho poleiti le tailormade sekgomaretsi “tobetsa haufi” phahama ile.

Ka mor’a moo, ho cheka le ho plating ho hlokahalang ho kenya likarolo ho ka etsoa ka boto ea PCB. Ka mor’a ho chekoa ke mochine kamoo ho hlokahalang, likoti li tlameha ho kenngoa ka hare (Plated through-hole Technology, PTH). Ka mor’a ho etsa phekolo ea tšepe ka har’a sekoti, mela e ka hare ea lera ka ‘ngoe e ka kopanngoa.

Likoti li tlameha ho hloekisoa lithōle pele ho qhoaeloa. Lebaka ke hore resin epoxy e tla hlahisa liphetoho tsa lik’hemik’hale ka mor’a ho futhumatsa, ‘me e tla koahela lera le ka hare la PCB, kahoo e lokela ho tlosoa pele. Ho hloekisa le ho pola li etsoa ka mokhoa oa lik’hemik’hale. Ka mor’a moo, o hloka ho koahela mohala o ka ntle ka pente ea solder (inki ea solder) e le hore mohala o se ke oa ama karolo ea plating.

Joale lileibole tse sa tšoaneng tsa likarolo li hatisoa letlapeng la potoloho ho bontša sebaka sa karolo ka ’ngoe. Ha ea lokela ho koaheloa holim’a wiring leha e le efe kapa monoana oa khauta, ho seng joalo e ka fokotsa solderability kapa botsitso ba khokahanyo ea hona joale. Ho phaella moo, haeba ho na le khokahanyo ea tšepe, karolo ea “monoana” hangata e pentiloe ka khauta ho tiisa hore ho na le khokahanyo ea boleng bo phahameng ha e kenngoa ka har’a slot ea ho atolosa.

Qetellong, ho na le teko. Ho leka PCB bakeng sa potoloho e khuts’oane kapa potoloho e bulehileng, ho ka sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea optical kapa ea elektroniki. Liteko tsa mahlo li sebelisa li-scake ho fumana liphoso ka mekhahlelo, ha liteko tsa elektroniki hangata li sebelisa flyprobe ho lekola likhokahano tsohle. Teko ea elektronike e nepahetse ho fumana li-circuits kapa likheo tse khutšoane, empa tlhahlobo ea optical e khona ho bona mathata a nang le likheo tse fosahetseng lipakeng tsa li-conductor.