kafin PCB, da’irori sun kasance daga wayoyi zuwa aya. Amintacciyar wannan hanyar tana da ƙarancin ƙarfi, saboda kamar yadda shekarun kewaya suke, fashewar layin zai haifar da hutu ko gajeriyar hanyar kumburin layin. Winding babban ci gaba ne a fasahar kewaya, wanda ke inganta dorewa da sake canzawar da’irar ta hanyar karkatar da ƙaramin waya a kusa da shafi a wurin haɗin.

Yayin da masana’antun lantarki ke motsawa daga bututun injin da kuma aikawa zuwa semiconductors na siliki da haɗaɗɗun da’irori, girman da farashin kayan aikin lantarki ya faɗi. Kasancewar yawaitar samfuran lantarki a sashin masu amfani ya sa masana’antun neman ƙananan hanyoyin da suka fi tsada. Don haka, an haifi PCB. Tsarin masana’antu na PCB yana da rikitarwa sosai. PCaukar PCB-Layer huɗu a matsayin misali, tsarin kera ya haɗa da shimfidar PCB, samar da katako na katako, canja wurin shimfidar PCB na ciki, hakowa da dubawa na katako, lamination, hakowa, hazo na jan ƙarfe na bangon rami, canja wurin shimfidar shimfidar waje na PCB, PCB na waje etching da sauran matakai.

1. Tsarin PCB

Mataki na farko na samar da PCB shine tsarawa da duba Tsarin PCB. Kamfanin ƙirƙirar PCB yana karɓar fayilolin CAD daga kamfanin ƙirar PCB. Tunda kowane software na CAD yana da tsarin fayil ɗin sa na musamman, shuka PCB yana canza su zuwa tsari ɗaya-Extended Gerber RS-274X ko Gerber X2. Sannan injiniyan masana’antar zai bincika ko tsarin PCB ya dace da tsarin samarwa, ko akwai lahani da sauran matsaloli.

2. Core farantin samar

Tsaftace farantin farantin jan ƙarfe, idan ƙura na iya haifar da ɗan gajeren da’irar kewaye ko fashewa. Hoto na 1 hoto ne na PCB mai Layer 8, wanda a zahiri ya ƙunshi faranti masu ɗauke da tagulla 3 (allon katako) da fina-finan jan ƙarfe 2 sannan a haɗe tare da zanen gado mai warkewa. Jerin samarwa yana farawa daga babban allon (layi huɗu ko biyar na layi) a tsakiya, kuma ana ci gaba da tara su kafin a gyara su. An yi PCB-Layer 4 kamar haka, amma tare da farantin karfe ɗaya kawai da fina-finan jan ƙarfe guda biyu.

3. Yi tsaka -tsaki na tsakiyar jirgi

Canja wurin shimfidawa na PCB na ciki yakamata ya fara yin da’irar Layer biyu na mafi tsakiyar Core Core (Core). Bayan an tsaftace farantin da ke ɗauke da tagulla, an rufe saman da fim mai ɗauke da hotuna. Fim ɗin yana ƙarfafawa lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa haske, yana yin fim mai kariya a kan murfin tagulla na farantin da ke ɗauke da tagulla. Saka faifai biyu na fim ɗin shimfidar PCB da yadudduka biyu na katako na tagulla, sannan a ƙarshe saka saman fim ɗin shimfidar PCB don tabbatar da cewa saman da ƙaramin matakin fim ɗin shimfidar fim ɗin PCB daidai ne. Photosensitizer yana amfani da fitilar UV don haskaka fim mai ɗaukar hoto akan bangon waya. An ƙarfafa fim ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto a ƙarƙashin fim na gaskiya, kuma fim ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto ba a ƙarfafa shi a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin opaque. Bango na jan ƙarfe wanda fim ɗin hoto mai ƙarfi ya rufe shi shine layin shimfidar PCB da ake buƙata, daidai da rawar tawada firinta na laser na PCB na hannu. An wanke fim ɗin da ba a gyara ba tare da lye kuma an rufe murfin murfin jan ƙarfe da ake buƙata. Daga nan sai a goge murfin jan ƙarfe wanda ba a so tare da tushe mai ƙarfi, kamar NaOH. Cire fim ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto mai warkarwa don fallasa farantin jan ƙarfe da ake buƙata don da’irar shimfidar PCB.

4. Core farantin hakowa da dubawa

An yi babban faranti cikin nasara. Sannan sanya kishiyar rami a cikin farantin farantin don daidaitawa mai sauƙi tare da sauran albarkatun ƙasa. Da zarar an danna babban allon tare da wasu yadudduka na PCB, ba za a iya canza shi ba, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a bincika. Injin zai kwatanta ta atomatik tare da zane -zane na PCB don bincika kurakurai.

5. Laminated

Anan muna buƙatar sabon albarkatun ƙasa da ake kira takardar warkarwa mai warkarwa, wanda shine babban allon da babban allon (PCB Layer & GT; 4), da mannewa tsakanin babban farantin karfe da murfin jan ƙarfe na waje, amma kuma yana taka rawa a rufi. Ƙananan Layer na murfin jan ƙarfe da yadudduka biyu na takaddama mai ƙarfi sun kasance a gaba ta ramin sakawa da ƙaramin farantin ƙarfe madaidaicin matsayi, sannan kuma an saka farantin mai kyau kuma a cikin rami na sakawa, kuma a ƙarshe biyun biyun na takarda mai tsayayye mai ƙarfi, farantin farantin jan ƙarfe da farantin farantin aluminium da aka rufe akan babban farantin. An sanya allon PCB da ke ɗauke da farantin ƙarfe a kan goyan bayan, sannan a cikin injin zafi mai zafi don lamination. Zafin zafi a cikin injin zafi mai narkewa yana narkar da resin epoxy a cikin takardar da aka warkar da shi, yana riƙe jigon da murfin jan ƙarfe tare a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Bayan laminating, cire saman farantin ƙarfe wanda ke danna PCB. Sannan an cire farantin aluminum da aka matsa. Har ila yau farantin aluminium yana taka rawa wajen ware PCBS daban -daban da kuma tabbatar da murƙushe murfin jan ƙarfe a saman saman PCB. Duk ɓangarorin PCB an rufe su da murfin murfin jan ƙarfe mai santsi.

6. Hakowa

Don haɗa yadudduka huɗu na farantin ƙarfe waɗanda ba sa taɓa juna a cikin PCB, fara fara ramuka ta cikin PCB, sannan a ƙera bangon ramin don gudanar da wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da injin hakowa na X-ray don nemo babban allon Layer na ciki. Injin zai nemo ta atomatik kuma gano matsayin rami a kan babban jirgin, sannan sanya ramuka don PCB don tabbatar da cewa hakowa mai zuwa ta tsakiyar tsakiyar ramin. Sanya takardar aluminium akan injin naushi sannan sanya PCB a saman. Don haɓaka inganci, allon PCB ɗaya zuwa uku ana ɗora su tare don ɓarna gwargwadon adadin yadudduka na PCB. A ƙarshe, saman PCB an lulluɓe shi da farantin aluminium, saman da ƙasa na yadudduka na aluminium don haka lokacin da rami ya shiga ciki da waje, murfin jan ƙarfe akan PCB ba zai tsage ba. A cikin tsarin laminating na baya, an fitar da epoxy ɗin waje zuwa PCB, don haka ana buƙatar cire shi. Injin injin na mutu yana yanke gefen PCB gwargwadon daidaitattun haɗin gwiwar XY.

7. Ruwan sinadarin jan karfe a bangon rami

Tun da kusan duk ƙirar PCB suna amfani da ramuka don haɗa layuka daban -daban na layi, haɗin haɗi mai kyau yana buƙatar fim na jan ƙarfe micron 25 akan bangon rami. Ana samun wannan kaurin fim ɗin jan ƙarfe ta hanyar electroplating, amma bangon ramin an yi shi da resin epoxy da ba a yin amfani da shi. Sabili da haka, matakin farko shine tara kayan aiki mai gudana akan bangon rami, kuma samar da fim na jan ƙarfe 1-micron a duk faɗin PCB, gami da bangon rami, ta hanyar adana sinadarai. Dukan tsari, kamar jiyya da tsaftacewa, injina ne ke sarrafa su.

8. Canja wurin shimfidar PCB na waje

Na gaba, za a canza tsarin PCB na waje zuwa murfin tagulla. Tsarin yana kama da na tsarin PCB na babban jirgi na ciki, wanda aka canza shi zuwa murfin tagulla ta amfani da fim ɗin da aka kwafa da fim mai ɗaukar hoto. Bambanci kawai shine za a yi amfani da farantin fa’ida azaman allo. Canja wurin shimfidar PCB na ciki yana ɗaukar hanyar cirewa kuma yana ɗaukar farantin mara kyau azaman hukumar. PCB ya rufe fim ɗin mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto shine kewaya, tsaftace fim ɗin da ba a tabbatar da shi ba, fim ɗin jan ƙarfe wanda aka fallasa, an kiyaye tsarin shimfidar PCB ta ingantaccen fim mai ɗaukar hoto. Ana canja tsarin PCB na waje ta hanyar al’ada, kuma ana amfani da farantin tabbatacce azaman allon. Yankin da fim ɗin da aka warke ya rufe akan PCB yanki ne mara layi. Bayan tsaftace fim ɗin da ba a tace ba, ana yin electroplating. Babu wani fim da za a iya zaɓar electroplated, kuma babu wani fim, na farko jan ƙarfe sannan faranti. Bayan an cire fim ɗin, ana aiwatar da alkaline, kuma a ƙarshe an cire tin. An bar tsarin da’irar akan allon saboda ana kiyaye shi da tin. Matsa PCB da electroplate jan ƙarfe. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, don tabbatar da cewa ramin yana da ingantacciyar wutar lantarki, fim ɗin jan ƙarfe da aka zaɓa akan bangon rami dole ne ya zama kauri na microns 25, don haka kwamfutarka za ta sarrafa dukkan tsarin ta atomatik don tabbatar da sahihancin sa.

9. Fitar da PCB na waje

Na gaba, cikakken layin taro mai sarrafa kansa yana kammala aikin etching. Na farko, tsabtace fim ɗin da aka warke akan allon PCB. Sannan ana amfani da alkali mai ƙarfi don tsaftace takardar jan ƙarfe da ba a so wanda ya rufe ta. Sannan an cire murfin kwanon da ke kan takardar jan ƙarfe na tsarin PCB tare da maganin ɓarna na tin. Bayan tsaftacewa, an kammala shimfidar PCB 4.