asati PCB, maseketi akagadzirwa netambo-kune-poindi wiring. Kuvimbika kweiyi nzira kwakaderera kwazvo, nekuti sekufamba kwemazera, kubvaruka kwemutsara kunotungamira mukutyora kana kutenderera pfupi kwetambo yemutsetse. Ichitenderera ichokwadi kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji tekinoroji, iyo inovandudza kugadzikana uye kushandurika kwedunhu nekumesa tambo diki-dhayamita kutenderedza koramu panzvimbo yekubatanidza.

Sezvo indasitiri yemagetsi payakatama kubva kune vacuum machubhu uye kuendesa kune silicon semiconductors uye maseketi akabatanidzwa, saizi nemutengo wezvinhu zvemagetsi zvakadonha. Kuwedzera kuri kuwanda kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi muboka revatengi kwakurudzira vagadziri kutsvaga mhinduro diki uye dzinodhura. Nekudaro, iyo PCB yakazvarwa. Iyo yekugadzira maitiro ePBB yakaoma kwazvo. Kutora mana-rukoko pcb semuenzaniso, iyo yekugadzira maitiro inowanzo sanganisira pcb dhizaini, yepakati bhodhi kugadzirwa, yemukati pcb dhizaini yekumisikidza, yepakati bhodhi kuchera uye kuongorora, lamination, kuchera, mhangura kemikari kunaya kwegomba madziro, yekunze pcb dhizaini yekuchinjisa, yekunze pcb etching uye mamwe matanho.

1. Marongerwo pcb

Nhanho yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwePBB kuronga uye kuongorora iyo PCB Layout. Iyo pcb yekugadzira chirimwa inogamuchira iyo maCAD mafaera kubva kuPcB dhizaini kambani. Sezvo yega yega CAD software iine yayo yakasarudzika fomati fomati, iyo PCB dhivha inovashandura ivo kuita yakabatana fomati – Yakawedzerwa Gerber RS-274X kana Gerber X2. Ipapo mainjiniya wefekitori anoongorora kana marongero ePCB anoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kuti paine chero hurema uye mamwe matambudziko.

2. Core kugadzirwa kweplate

Chenesa ndiro yakapfeka mhangura, kana guruva richikonzera yekupedzisira dunhu pfupi redunhu kana kutyora. Mufananidzo 1 mufananidzo we8-rukoko pcb, iyo inoumbwa nematatu emhangura-akafukidzwa mahwendefa (epakati mabhodhi) uye maviri emhangura mafirimu ndokuzonamatidzwa pamwechete nemashizha akapora. Iwo akateedzana ekugadzira anotangira kubva pabhodhi repakati (mana kana mashanu matete emitsara) pakati, uye inoramba ichirongedzwa pamwechete isati yagadziriswa. Iyo-mana-pcb pcb inogadzirwa zvakafanana, asi iine imwechete chete yeplate ndiro uye maviri emhangura mafirimu.

3. Ita wepakati nepakati bhodhi redunhu

Iyo dhizaini yekuchinjisa yemukati pcb inofanira kutanga yaita maviri-maseru wedunhu epakati epakati Core bhodhi (Core). Mushure mokunge ndiro yemhangura-yakapfeka yacheneswa, iyo pamusoro yakafukidzwa nefirimu inoratidzika. Iyo firimu inosimbisa kana yaiswa pachiedza, ichigadzira firimu inodzivirira pamusoro peiyo mhangura foil yeplata-yakavharwa ndiro. Insert akaturikidzana maviri pcb marongerwo firimu uye akaturikidzana maviri emhangura akapfeka bhodhi, uye pakupedzisira isai yokumusoro rukoko pcb marongerwo firimu kuitira kuti okumusoro akaturikidzana pamusoro pcb marongerwo kuisira nzvimbo inocherekedza ichokwadi. Photosensitizer inoshandisa mwenje weUV kujekesa iyo fotoensitive firimu pamhangura foil. Iyo firimu inovhenekera inosimbiswa pasi peiyo yakajeka firimu, uye iyo foto inovhenekera haina kusimbiswa pasi peiyo opaque firimu. Iyo yemhangura foil yakafukidzwa neyakaomeswa photosensitive firimu ndiyo pcb yekumisikidza mutsetse unodiwa, zvakaenzana nebasa re laser printer inki yebhuku pcb. Iyo isina kuvharwa firimu inozogezwa nesipo uye iyo inodikanwa yemhangura foil wedunhu yakafukidzwa neiyo yakaporeswa firimu. Iyo isingadiwe yemhangura foil inozoiswa kure neiyo yakasimba base, saNaOH. Bvarura iyo yakaporeswa photosensitive firimu kuti ifumure iyo yemhangura foil inodiwa pcb yekumisikidza wedunhu.

4. Core ndiro yekuchera uye kuongorora

Iyo yakakosha ndiro yakaitwa zvinobudirira. Wobva waita rakatarisana gomba muhombodo ndiro kuti iratidzike nyore nezvimwe mbishi zvinhu. Kamwe iyo yepakati bhodhi yakadzvanywa nemamwe matanda ePBB, haigone kuchinjwa, saka zvakakosha kuti utarise. Muchina unozoenzanirana nePCB dhizaini dhizaini kutarisa zvikanganiso.

5. Yakanamirwa

Pano tinoda chinhu chitsva chakatsvuka chinonzi pepa rakapora, rinova bhodhi repakati uye bhodhi repakati (PCB rukoko & GT; 4), uye inonamira pakati pepakati ndiro uye yekunze foil foil, asi zvakare inoita basa kuputira. Iyo yepazasi nhete yemhangura foil uye maviri matanda e semi-solidified sheet anga ari pamberi kuburikidza nekumisikidza gomba uye yepazasi iron ndiro yakagadzika chinzvimbo, uyezve yakanaka musimboti ndiro inoiswawo munzvimbo yekumira yeyakaomeswa-rakasimbiswa jira, hari yemhangura pepa uye nhete yekumanikidza aluminium ndiro yakafukidzwa pane yepakati ndiro. Pcb bhodhi yakasungwa neplate yesimbi inoiswa pane rutsigiro, uyezve mukati meiyo vacuum inopisa inodhinda ye lamination. Iko kupisa kuri muvharumu inopisa inodhinda inonyungudusa iyo epoxy resin mune iyo isina-yakaporeswa jira, inobata iyo yepakati uye yemhangura foil pamwechete pasi pekumanikidzwa. Mushure mekumesa, bvisa ndiro yepamusoro yesimbi inodzvanya iyo PCB. Ipapo iyo yakamanikidzwa aluminium ndiro inobviswa. Iyo aruminiyamu ndiro inoitawo basa mukuparadzanisa PCBS dzakasiyana uye nekuona yakatsetseka mhangura foil pane yekunze rukoko rwePCB. Mativi ese ari maviri ePBB akafukidzwa neyakagadzika yemafuta emhangura akatsetseka.

6. Kuchera

Kuti ubatanidze mana akaturikidzana emhangura mapepa ayo asingabatane muPCB, tanga kuboora maburi kuburikidza nePCB, wozobatanidza metallize maburi madziro kuitisa magetsi. Iyo X-ray yekuchera muchina inoshandiswa kutsvaga yepakati bhodhi renzvimbo yemukati. Muchina unozozvitsvagira wega nekutsvaga chinzvimbo chegomba pabhodhi yepakati, uye wozoita maburi ekumisikidza pcb kuona kuti zvinotevera kuchera kuri nepakati pegomba chinzvimbo. Isa jira realuminium pamushini wepunch wozoisa PCB pamusoro. Kuti uvandudze hunyanzvi, imwe kana nhatu dzakafanana pcb mabhodhi akaturikidzana pamwe kuti perforation zvinoenderana nenhamba pcb akaturikidzana. Chekupedzisira, iyo yepamusoro pcb yakafukidzwa neyakaganhurirwa nealuminium, iwo ekumusoro uye ezasi akaturikidzana ealuminium kuitira kuti kana chibooreso chichibaya nekunze, iyo yemhangura foil paPCB haizobvaruka. Mune yapfuura yekumesa maitiro, iyo yakanyunguduka epoxy yakawedzeredzwa kune kunze kwePCB, saka yaida kubviswa. Iyo yekufa yekugaya muchina inodonhedza peri pePCB zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo XY inoratidzira.

7. Makemikari kunaya kwemhangura pamadziro pore

Sezvo angangoita ese mapcb magadzirirwo anoshandisa zvinyoreso kubatanidza matunhu akasiyana emitsetse, kubatana kwakanaka kunoda 25 micron mhangura firimu pamadziro egomba. Uku hukobvu hwemhangura firimu hunowanikwa ne electroplating, asi gomba remadziro rakagadzirwa neisina-conductive epoxy resin uye fiberglass board. Naizvozvo, danho rekutanga ndere kuunganidza nhanho ye conductive zvinhu pamadziro egomba, uye gadzira 1-micron mhangura firimu pane iyo pese pcb penyika, kusanganisira iro gomba madziro, kuburikidza nemakemikari deposition. Maitiro ese, akadai sekurapa kwemakemikari nekuchenesa, anotongwa nemachina.

8. Chinja marongerwo ePCB yekunze

Tevere, kurongedzwa kwePCB yekunze ichaendeswa kune iyo yemhangura foil. Maitiro acho akafanana neayo pcb maratidziro emukati epakati bhodhi, inoendeswa kune yemhangura foil uchishandisa fotokopi firimu uye fotoensitive firimu. Musiyano chete ndewekuti ndiro yakanaka inozoshandiswa sebhodhi. Yemukati pcb dhizaini chinja inotora nzira yekubvisa uye inotora isina kunaka ndiro sebhodhi. Pcb akafukidzwa solidified photosensitive firimu iri redunhu, kuchenesa unsolidified photosensitive firimu, pachena mhangura foil iri chinopinda, pcb marongerwo redunhu inochengetedzwa solidified photosensitive firimu. Iyo yekunze pcb dhizaini inotamiswa neyakajairwa nzira, uye yakanaka ndiro inoshandiswa sebhodhi. Nzvimbo yakafukidzwa nefirimu yakaporeswa paPCB ndiyo isiri-mutsara nzvimbo. Mushure mekuchenesa iyo isina kuvharwa firimu, electroplating inoitwa. Iko hakuna firimu rinogona kusarudzwa nemagetsi, uye hapana firimu, kutanga mhangura uyezve tini yakanamirwa pamifananidzo. Mushure mekunge iyo firimu yabviswa, alkaline etching inoitwa, uye pakupedzisira tini inobviswa. Iyo yedunhu pateni inosara pane iyo bhodhi nekuti inodzivirirwa netini. Sunga iyo PCB uye electroplate iyo mhangura. Sezvambotaurwa, kuitira kuona kuti gomba rine yakanaka magetsi conduction, yemhangura firimu yakasungirirwa pamadziro egomba inofanirwa kuve nehupamhi hwe25 microns, saka iyo sisitimu yese inozongodzorwa nekombuta kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwayo.

9. Rokunze pcb etching

Tevere, yakakwana automated gungano mutsara unopedzisa iyo etching maitiro. Kutanga, suka iyo yakaporeswa firimu pane pcb bhodhi. Alkali yakasimba inobva yashandiswa kuchenesa pasiri kudiwa yemhangura foil iyo yakafukidzwa nayo. Ipapo iyo yekunamira kwetini pane iyo yemhangura foil yePCB marongero inobviswa netini yekukurura mhinduro. Mushure mekuchenesa, 4 masara pcb marongerwo apera.