Umgangatho we-soldering unempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho jikelele we PCB. Ngokusebenzisa i-soldering, iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-PCB ziqhagamshelwe kwamanye amacandelo e-elektroniki ukwenza i-PCB isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifezekise injongo yayo. Xa iingcali zoshishino kuvavanya umgangatho wamacandelo kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kuvavanyo kukukwazi ukuthengisa.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-welding ilula kakhulu. Kodwa oku kufuna ukuziqhelanisa nokuphumelela. Njengoko intetho isitsho, “ukuziqhelanisa kunokugqibelela.” Nokuba i-novice inokwenza i-solder esebenzayo. Kodwa kubomi bonke kunye nomsebenzi wezixhobo, umsebenzi ococekileyo kunye nobugcisa be-welding uyimfuneko.

Kule khokelo, sigxininisa ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba yimalini ukwenza i-solder egqibeleleyo, esi sisikhokelo sakho.

Yintoni idibaniso yesoda egqibeleleyo?

Kunzima ukubandakanya zonke iintlobo ze-solder joints kwinkcazo ebanzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesolder, iPCB esetyenzisiweyo okanye amacandelo aqhagamshelwe kwiPCB, ijoyinti efanelekileyo yesolder inokutshintsha kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwee-solder ezigqibeleleyo zisenazo:

Imanziswe ngokupheleleyo

Umphezulu ogudileyo kwaye umenyezelayo

Iikona ezihlaziyiweyo ezicocekileyo

Ukuze ufumane iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokudityaniswa kwe-solder, nokuba zizihlanganisi ze-SMD okanye i-solder ye-solder, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isixa esifanelekileyo se-solder, kunye nencam yentsimbi efanelekileyo kufuneka ifudunyezwe kwiqondo lobushushu elichanekileyo kwaye ulungele ukuqhagamshelana ne-solder. PCB. Umaleko okhutshiweyo osusiweyo.

Ezi zilandelayo zezona ngxaki zilithoba zixhaphakileyo kunye neempazamo ezinokuthi zenzeke xa udityaniswa ngabasebenzi abangenamava:

1. Ibhulorho yokuwelda

PCBs kunye namacandelo e-elektroniki ziya zincinci kwaye zincinci, kwaye kunzima ukuyilawula ngeenxa zonke kwi-PCB, ngakumbi xa uzama ukuthengisa. Ukuba incam yentsimbi yentsimbi oyisebenzisayo inkulu kakhulu kwi-PCB, ibhulorho ye-solder engaphezulu inokwenziwa.

Soldering ibhulorho ibhekisela xa izinto zokuthambisa idibanisa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu izihlanganisi PCB. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba ayibonakali, inokubangela ukuba ibhodi yesekethe ibe yifutshane kwaye itshiswe. Qinisekisa ukuba usoloko usebenzisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bokudambisa incam yentsimbi ukunqanda iibhulorho zesolder.

2. I-solder eninzi kakhulu

Abaqalayo kunye nabaqalayo bahlala besebenzisa i-solder eninzi kakhulu xa i-solder i-solder, kwaye iibhola ezinkulu ze-bubble-shaped solder zenziwe kwiindawo ze-solder. Ukongeza kwinto ebonakala ngathi ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwi-PCB, ukuba i-solder joint isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunokuba nzima ukuyifumana. Kukho indawo eninzi yempazamo phantsi kweebhola ze-solder.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukusebenzisa i-solder ngononophelo kwaye wongeze i-solder ukuba kuyimfuneko. I-solder kufuneka icoceke ngokusemandleni kwaye ibe neekona ezihlehlisiwe.

3. Umthungo obandayo

Xa ubushushu bentsimbi ye-solder buphantsi kunobushushu obufanelekileyo, okanye ixesha lokufudumala kwe-solder joint lifutshane kakhulu, i-joint solder ebandayo iya kwenzeka. Imithungo ebandayo ibuthuntu, imdaka, ikhangeleka ngathi yipokotho. Ukongeza, banobomi obufutshane kunye nokuthembeka okubi. Kukwanzima ukuvavanya ukuba i-solder joints ebandayo iya kwenza kakuhle phantsi kweemeko zangoku okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-PCB.

4. I-node etshisiweyo

Umdibaniso otshileyo uchasene ngqo nebanda. Ngokucacileyo, intsimbi ye-soldering isebenza kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu, i-solder joints iveza i-PCB kumthombo wobushushu ixesha elide, okanye kusekho umaleko we-oxide kwi-PCB, ethintela ukugqithiselwa kobushushu. Umphezulu wokudibanisa utshiswa. Ukuba iphedi iphakanyiselwe kwindawo edibeneyo, i-PCB inokonakala kwaye ayinakulungiswa.

5. Ilitye lengcwaba

Xa uzama ukudibanisa izinto ze-elektroniki (ezifana ne-transistors kunye ne-capacitors) kwi-PCB, amatye amangcwaba ahlala ebonakala. Ukuba onke macala ecandelo axhunyiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwiipads kunye ne-soldered, icandelo liya kuba lithe tye.

Ukungaphumeleli ukufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elifunekayo kwinkqubo ye-welding kunokubangela ukuba elinye icala okanye amacala amaninzi aphakanyiswe, kubangele ukubonakala okufana nengcwaba. Ilitye lengcwaba eliwayo liya kuchaphazela ubomi bamalungu e-solder kwaye kunokuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kwe-thermal ye-PCB.

Enye yeengxaki ezixhaphakileyo ezibangela ukuba ilitye lengcwaba liphuke ngexesha lokufudumeza kwe-reflow ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo kwi-oven yokubuyisela kwakhona, enokubangela ukumanzisa kwangaphambili kwe-solder kwiindawo ezithile ze-PCB ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iindawo. I-oven yokuzenzela kwakhona i-oven idla ngokuba nengxaki yokufudumeza okungalinganiyo. Ke ngoko, kucetyiswa ukuba uthenge izixhobo zobuchwephesha.

6. Ukumanzisa okungonelanga

Enye yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe ngabaqalayo kunye nabaqalayo kukungabikho kokumanzi kwamalungu e-solder. Amalungu e-solder amanziswe kakubi aqulethe i-solder encinci kune-solder efunekayo ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo phakathi kweepadi ze-PCB kunye namalungu e-elektroniki aqhagamshelwe kwi-PCB nge-solder.

Ukumanzisa uqhagamshelwano olubi kuya phantse ngokuqinisekileyo kuthintele okanye konakalise ukusebenza kwezixhobo zombane, ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo buya kuba buthathaka kakhulu, kwaye kunokubangela isekethe emfutshane, ngokonakalisa kakhulu iPCB. Le meko ihlala isenzeka xa i-solder enganeleyo isetyenziswa kwinkqubo.

7. Jump welding

I-welding ye-jump ingenzeka kwi-welding yomatshini okanye i-welders abangenamava. Inokwenzeka ngenxa yokungagxininisi komsebenzisi. Ngokufanayo, oomatshini abangacwangciswanga ngendlela engafanelekanga banokutsiba ngokulula i-solder joints okanye inxalenye ye-solder joints.

Oku kushiya isiphaluka kwindawo evulekileyo kwaye ivala iindawo ezithile okanye i-PCB yonke. Thatha ixesha lakho kwaye ujonge onke amalungu e-solder ngononophelo.

8. I-pad iphakanyisiwe

Ngenxa yamandla amaninzi okanye ukushisa okwenziwa kwi-PCB ngexesha lenkqubo ye-solder, iipads kwi-solder joints ziya kuvuka. I-pad iya kuphakamisa umphezulu we-PCB, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wesiphaluka esifutshane, esinokuyonakalisa yonke ibhodi yesekethe. Qinisekisa ukufaka kwakhona iipads kwi-PCB phambi kokuba uthengise izinto.

9. Iwebhu kunye ne-splash

Xa ibhodi yesekethe ihlanjululwe ngokungcola okuchaphazela inkqubo ye-soldering okanye ngenxa yokungasebenzi ngokwaneleyo kwe-flux, i-webbing kunye ne-spatter iya kuveliswa kwibhodi yesiphaluka. Ukongeza kwinkangeleko emdaka ye-PCB, i-webbing kunye ne-splashing kukwayingozi enkulu ye-short-circuit, enokonakalisa ibhodi yesekethe.