Gabaɗaya tsarin ƙirar PCB kamar haka:

Shirye -shiryen farko design ƙirar tsarin PCB list jerin jagora setting saitin mulki layout Tsarin PCB → wayoyi optimi haɓakawa da allon siliki → cibiyar sadarwa da dubawar DRC da duba tsarin → zana fitowar haske review bita na zane mai haske production Samar da allon PCB tabbatar da aikin EQ, fitowar bayanai faci, kammala aikin.

1: Shiri

Wannan ya haɗa da shirya dakunan karatu da fakiti. kafin PCB zane, we should first prepare the logic package of schematic SCH and the package library of PCB. Dakunan karatu na fakiti na iya zuwa tare da PADS, amma yana da wahala a sami ɗakunan karatu masu dacewa gaba ɗaya. Zai fi kyau a yi ɗakunan karatu na kunshin ku gwargwadon daidaitaccen bayanin girman na’urorin da aka zaɓa. In principle, the PCB packaging library should be done first, and then the SCH logic packaging should be done. PCB packaging library has high requirements, which directly affects the board installation; SCH logical packaging requirements are relatively loose, as long as the definition of pin attributes and the corresponding relationship with PCB packaging on the line. PS: Lura da ɓoye ɓoye a cikin daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu. Sannan ƙirar ƙira ce, a shirye take don yin ƙirar PCB.

2. Tsarin tsarin PCB

A cikin wannan matakin, gwargwadon girman allon kewaye da sakawa na inji, ana zana saman allon PCB a cikin yanayin ƙirar PCB, kuma ana haɗa masu haɗa maɓallai/maɓallai, ramukan dunƙule, ramukan taro da sauransu gwargwadon buƙatun matsayi. Kuma yi la’akari sosai da ƙayyade yankin wayoyi da yankin da ba a haɗa shi ba (kamar yawan ramin dunƙule a kusa da yankin da ba a haɗa shi ba).

3: jagorar teburin cibiyar sadarwa

Ana ba da shawarar a fara juyar da teburin net ɗin zuwa cikin firam ɗin farko. Import a board enclosure in DXF format or EMN format

4: Rule setting

Za’a iya saita dokoki masu ma’ana gwargwadon ƙirar PCB na musamman. Waɗannan ƙa’idodin sune manajojin ƙuntatawa na PADS, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don ƙuntata faɗin layi da tazarar aminci a kowane wuri a cikin tsarin ƙira. Yankunan da ba su daidaita ba ana yiwa Alamar DRC alama yayin gwajin SRCSEQUENT DRC.

The general rule setting is placed before the layout, because sometimes some fanout work needs to be completed during the layout, so the rules should be set well before the FANout. When the design project is larger, the design can be completed more efficiently. Lura: an saita ƙa’idodi don ƙira mafi kyau da sauri, a wasu kalmomin, don dacewa da masu zanen kaya. Saitunan gama gari sune: 1. Tsohuwar layin layi/tazarar layi don sigina na gama gari. Zaɓi kuma saita ramin. 3. Sanya faɗin layin da launi na sigina masu mahimmanci da wadatar wutar lantarki. 4. Saitunan allon allo.

5: Tsarin PCB

Ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, a maimakon abubuwan haɗin, yakamata a yi la’akari da abubuwan haɗin lokacin ainihin girman (a cikin yanki da tsayi) da matsayin dangi tsakanin abubuwan, don tabbatar da cewa kaddarorin lantarki da samar da dacewawar shigarwa na katako. jima’i a lokaci guda, yakamata ya kasance akan tabbacin garanti na ƙa’idar da ke sama don yin tunani, na’urar canji mai dacewa, sa ta zama kyakkyawa da kyau, Misali, yakamata a sanya na’urar ɗaya daidai kuma a cikin alkibla ɗaya, ba “yaɗuwa bazuwar”. Wannan matakin ya shafi wahalar adadi mai mahimmanci na jirgi da digirin wayoyi na gaba, suna son kashe babban ƙoƙari don yin la’akari da haka. Lokacin shimfidawa, zai iya yin wayoyi na farko zuwa wurin da bai dace ba, isasshen la’akari.

6: wiring

Wiring shine mafi mahimmancin tsari a ƙirar PCB. Wannan zai shafi aikin hukumar PCB kai tsaye. A cikin tsarin ƙirar PCB, wayoyi gabaɗaya suna da irin waɗannan matakan rarrabuwa guda uku: na farko shine rarraba, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin buƙatun ƙirar PCB. Idan layin ba zane bane, samun ko’ina yana layin tashi, zai zama allon da bai cancanta ba, zai iya cewa babu shiga.

Na biyu shine gamsuwar aikin lantarki. Wannan shine ma’aunin don auna ko allon da aka buga ya cancanta. Wannan bayan rarrabawa, daidaita wayoyi a hankali, don ya iya cimma mafi kyawun aikin lantarki. Sa’an nan kuma akwai kayan ado. Idan an haɗa rigar wayoyin ku, kuma ba ku da wurin da abin da ke shafar aikin na’urar lantarki, amma duba baya da wahala, ƙara launi, mai launi, wanda ke ƙididdige yadda aikin na’urar ku yake da kyau, har yanzu ya zama datti a cikin wasu ido. Wannan yana kawo babban damuwa ga gwaji da kulawa. Wayoyi yakamata su kasance masu daidaituwa da daidaituwa, ba tsintsiya ba tare da dokoki ba. Duk waɗannan yakamata a cimma su a cikin yanayin tabbatar da aikin lantarki da kuma biyan wasu buƙatun mutum, in ba haka ba shine a bar ainihin.

Yawanci ana yin wayoyi ne bisa ga ƙa’idodi masu zuwa: (1) Gabaɗaya, yakamata a fara amfani da layin wutar lantarki da ƙasa don tabbatar da aikin lantarki na hukumar kewaye. A cikin yanayin yanayi yana ba da damar, gwargwadon iko don faɗaɗa faɗin ƙarfin wutan lantarki, waya ta ƙasa, mafi kyawun waya ta ƙasa tana da faɗi fiye da layin wutar lantarki, dangantakar su ita ce: waya ta ƙasa> layin wutar> layin siginar, yawanci layin layin siginar shine: 0.2 ~ 0.3mm (kusan 8-12mil), mafi kankanta nisa har zuwa 0.05 ~ 0.07mm (2-3mil), igiyar wutan gabaɗaya ita ce 1.2 ~ 2.5mm (50-100mil). Ana iya amfani da PCB na da’irar dijital azaman kewaye tare da masu gudanar da ƙasa mai faɗi, wato, cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa (ba za a iya amfani da filin da’irar analog ta wannan hanyar ba). (2) in advance to the more strict requirements of the line (such as high frequency line) wiring, input and output side line should avoid adjacent parallel, so as not to produce reflection interference. Lokacin da ya cancanta, yakamata a ƙara waya ta ƙasa don warewa, da kuma haɗa wayoyi biyu na kusa da juna su zama daidai da juna, wanda yake da sauƙi don samar da haɗin gwiwar parasitic a layi ɗaya. (3) the oscillator shell is grounded, and the clock line should be as short as possible, and it can’t be everywhere. A ƙarƙashin da’irar oscillation agogo, madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar hanya yakamata ta haɓaka yankin ƙasa, kuma kada ta je zuwa wasu lamuran sigina, don filin wutar lantarki da ke kewaye ya karkata zuwa sifili;

(4) Yi amfani da wayoyin layin da suka karye 45 ° gwargwadon abin da zai yiwu, ba lalatacciyar layin 90 ° ba, don rage siginar siginar mitar; (5) Duk wani layin siginar bai kamata ya samar da madauki ba, idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, madauki ya zama ƙarami kamar yadda zai yiwu; Layin sigina ta cikin rami yakamata ya zama kaɗan; (6) Layin maɓalli ya zama ɗan gajere da kauri sosai, kuma ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa mai kariya a ɓangarorin biyu. (7) lokacin watsa sigina masu mahimmanci da siginar filin amo ta igiyoyin lebur, ya zama dole a yi amfani da hanyar “layin ƙasa – sigina – layin ƙasa”. (8) Yakamata a tanadi wuraren gwaji don mahimman sigina don sauƙaƙe samarwa da gwajin gwaji. (9) Bayan an kammala tsarin wayoyi, yakamata a inganta wayoyi; A lokaci guda, bayan rajistar cibiyar sadarwa ta farko da dubawar DRC daidai ne, an cika waya ta ƙasa a cikin yankin ba tare da wayoyi ba, kuma ana amfani da babban yanki na jan ƙarfe azaman waya ta ƙasa, kuma wuraren da ba a amfani da su suna da alaƙa da ƙasa kamar waya ta ƙasa akan allon da aka buga. Ko sanya shi jirgi mai yalwa da yawa, samar da wutar lantarki, layin ƙasa kowanne ya mamaye wani yanki.

(1) Layin Gabaɗaya, faɗin layin siginar shine 0.3mm (12mil), kuma faɗin layin wutar shine 0.77mm (30mil) ko 1.27mm (50mil); Nisa tsakanin waya da waya da tsakanin waya da kushin ya kamata ya fi ko daidai da 0.33mm (13mil). A aikace mai amfani, yakamata a yi la’akari da ƙara tazara lokacin da yanayi ya ba da izini; Lokacin da girman kebul ya yi yawa, yana da kyau (amma ba a ba da shawarar ba) don amfani da igiyoyi biyu tsakanin fil IC. Faɗin kebul ɗin shine 0.254mm (10mil), kuma tazara tsakanin kebul ɗin bai wuce 0.254mm (10mil) ba. A karkashin yanayi na musamman, lokacin da fil na na’urar ya yi yawa kuma faɗin ya yi kunci, za a iya rage girman layin da tazarar layin da ya dace. (2) PAD (PAD) PAD (PAD) da rami na canji (VIA) abubuwan da ake buƙata sune: diamita na faifai fiye da diamon ramin ya fi 0.6mm; Misali, masu adawa da nau’in fil na duniya, masu haɓakawa da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, ta amfani da girman faifai/rami 1.6mm /0.8mm (63mil/32mil), soket, pin da diode 1N4007, ta amfani da 1.8mm/1.0mm (71mil/39mil). A aikace mai amfani, yakamata a ƙaddara gwargwadon girman ainihin abubuwan. Idan akwai yanayi, ana iya ƙara girman kushin daidai. Budewar shigarwa na abubuwan da aka ƙera akan PCB yakamata ya zama kusan 0.2 ~ 0.4mm (8-16mil) ya fi girman girman fil ɗin abubuwan. (3) Ragewa (VIA) gabaɗaya 1.27mm/0.7mm (50mil/28mil); Lokacin da girman wayoyi ya yi yawa, ana iya rage girman ramin da ya dace, amma ba ƙarami ba, yana iya la’akari da 1.0mm/0.6mm (40mil/24mil). PAD da VIA: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil) PAD da PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil) PAD da TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil) TRACK da TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil) ≥ 0.3mm (12mil) PAD da VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil) PAD da TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil) PAD da TRACK: 0.254 10mm (0.254mil) GASKIYA DA KYAUTA: ≥ 10mm (XNUMXmil)

7: wiring optimization and screen printing

“Babu mafi kyau, kawai mafi kyau”! Duk irin ƙoƙarin da kuka yi cikin ƙira, idan kun gama, sake duba shi, kuma har yanzu kuna jin za ku iya canzawa da yawa. Dokar babban yatsa na babban yatsa shine cewa mafi kyawun wayoyi yana ɗaukar ninki biyu na tsawon wayoyin farko. Bayan jin cewa babu abin da za a canza, zaku iya sa jan ƙarfe. Sanya jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana sanya waya ta ƙasa (kula da rarrabuwa na analog da ƙasa na dijital), allon multilayer na iya buƙatar sanya wuta. Don bugun allo, ya kamata mu kula da kada na’urar ta toshe ta ko cire ta rami da kushin. A lokaci guda, ƙira don fuskantar farfajiyar ɓangaren, kasan kalmar yakamata ya zama aikin madubi, don kada a rikita matakin.

8: Cibiyar sadarwa, DRC da duba tsarin

Kafin zanen haske, gaba ɗaya ya zama dole a Duba. Kowane kamfani yana da Jerin Bincike na kansa, gami da buƙatun ƙa’ida, ƙira, samarwa da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Mai zuwa gabatarwa ne ga manyan ayyukan dubawa guda biyu da software ke bayarwa. DRC duba:

9: fitar da zanen haske

Kafin fitowar zanen haske, tabbatar cewa veneer shine sabon sigar da aka kammala kuma ta cika buƙatun ƙira. Ana amfani da fayil ɗin fitarwa na zanen haske don samar da jirgi a masana’antar farantin, samar da ragin ƙarfe a masana’antar gidan ƙarfe, da fayil ɗin aiwatarwa a masana’antar walda.

The output files are as follows (take the four-layer board as an example) : 1). Wiring layer: refers to the conventional signal layer, mainly wiring. An sanya masu suna L1, L2, L3, AND L4, inda L ke wakiltar Layer na layin wayoyi.

2). Layer bugu na allo: yana nufin Layer a cikin takaddar ƙirar da ke ba da bayanai don sarrafa bugun allo. Yawancin lokaci, za a sami bugun allo na sama da bugun allo na ƙasa idan akwai na’urori ko alamomi a saman da ƙasa. Suna: suna mai suna SILK_TOP; Sunan tushen shine SILK_BOTTOM.