Izingxenye ze-PCB ezisezingeni eliphakeme (i-PCBA) seziyimfuneko enkulu embonini ye-elekthronikhi. I-PCB Assembly isebenza njengengxenye edidiyelwe yamadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi. Uma umenzi wezinto ze-PCB engakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngenxa yephutha lokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi kuzosongelwa. Ukugwema ubungozi, abakhiqizi be-PCBS nabenzi bomhlangano manje benza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kuma-PCB ezinyathelweni ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza. I-blog ixoxa ngamasu ahlukahlukene wokuhlola we-PCBA nezinhlobo zamaphutha abazihlaziya.

Indlela yokuhlola ye-PCBA

Namuhla, ngenxa yenkinga eyandayo yamabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe, ukuhlonza ukukhubazeka kokukhiqiza kuyinselele. Izikhathi eziningi, i-PCBS ingaba nezinkinga ezifana namasekhethi avulekile futhi amafushane, ukuqondiswa okungalungile, ama-welds angahambelani, izinto ezingakhanjwanga kahle, izinto ezibekwe ngokungalungile, izingxenye ezingekho kahle zikagesi, izingxenye ezingekho kagesi, njll. Ukugwema zonke lezi zimo, abakhiqizi bomhlangano we-turnkey PCB basebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuhlola.

Onke amasu okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla aqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okunembile kwezinto ze-PCB ze-elekthronikhi futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezingxenye ze-PCB ngaphambi kokuthi bashiye ifektri. Uma ucabangela umhlangano we-PCB wephrojekthi yakho elandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi uthola izinsiza kusuka kumasevisi omhlangano we-PCB owethembekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwendatshana yokuqala

Ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ihlale incike ekusebenzeni okufanele kwe-SMT. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba nokukhiqizwa, abakhiqizi be-PCB benza ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ye-SMT ifakwe kahle. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubasiza ukuthola imibhobho yomshini nezinkinga zokuqondanisa ezingagwenywa ekukhiqizeni ivolumu.

Hlola ngokubuka i-

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo noma ukuhlolwa kwamehlo avulekile kungenye yezindlela zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi somhlangano we-PCB. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ngeso noma ngomtshina. Ukukhethwa kwemishini kuzoya ngendawo ezohlolwa.Isibonelo, ukubekwa kwezingxenye nokuphrinta okunamathiselwe kwe-solder kubonakala ngeso lenyama. Kodwa-ke, unamathisele imali namaphakethe wethusi kungabonakala kuphela ngomtshina omkhulu we-Z. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlola ukubukeka lwenziwa ku-reflow weld ye-prism, lapho ukukhanya okukhonjisiwe kuhlaziywa kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kokukhanya

I-AOI iyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke kepha ebanzi yokuhlola ukubukeka esetshenziselwa ukukhomba amaphutha. I-AOI ivame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa amakhamera amaningi, imithombo elula, kanye nomtapo wolwazi wama-leds ahleliwe. Amasistimu we-AOI angachofoza futhi izithombe zamajoyini we-solder kuma-engeli ahlukene nasezingxenyeni ezigobile. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-AOI zingabheka amalunga angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 ngomzuzwana, okusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo ukukhomba nokulungisa amaphutha. Namuhla, lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba zomhlangano we-PCB. Phambilini, amasistimu e-AOI ayengathathwa njengelungele ukukala ukuphakama kokuhlanganiswa kwe-solder ku-PCB. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwezinhlelo ze-3D AOI, lokhu sekungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-AOI zikulungele ukuhlola izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimise isikhala esingu-0.5mm.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwabo kumadivayisi amancane, isidingo sezinto ezixinene nezingamakhompiyutha ezingamabhodi wesifunda siyakhula. Ubuchwepheshe be-Surface mount (SMT) sebuyintandokazi phakathi kwabakhiqizi be-PCB abafuna ukuklama i-PCBS eminyene futhi eyinkimbinkimbi besebenzisa izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ze-BGA. Yize i-SMT isiza ukunciphisa usayizi wamaphakeji e-PCB, ibuye yethule nobunzima obuthile obungabonakali ngeso lenyama. Isibonelo, iphakethe elincane le-chip (i-CSP) elenziwe nge-SMT lingaba nokuxhuma okushiselwe okungu-15,000 okungaqinisekiswa kalula ngeso lenyama. Yilapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-X-ray. Inamandla okungena kumajoyini we-solder futhi ikhombe amabhola alahlekile, izikhundla ze-solder, ama-misalignment, njll. I-X-ray ingena ngaphakathi kwephakheji ye-chip, enokuxhumana phakathi kwebhodi lesifunda elixhunywe ngokuqinile kanye nelungu le-solder elingezansi.

Onke amasu okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla aqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okunembile kwezinto ze-elekthronikhi futhi asize abahlanganisi be-PCB baqinisekise ikhwalithi yabo ngaphambi kokushiya isitshalo. Uma ucabangela izingxenye ze-PCB zephrojekthi yakho elandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi uthenga kumakhi wezinto ze-PCB owethembekile.