With the development of electronic information industry, terminal electronic products have higher and higher requirements for the refinement of ПЦБ- Индустрија. Bušenje je važan korak u proizvodnji PCB-a, koji je razvijen do minimalnog prečnika rupe od 0.08 mm, maksimalnog razmaka rupa od 0.1 mm ili čak višeg nivoa. Pored provodnih rupa, rupa za delove, žlebova, rupa specijalnog oblika, oblika ploče itd., sve je potrebno proveriti. How to detect the drilling quality of PCB board efficiently and accurately has become an important link to ensure the quality of products. PCB hole inspection machine is just an automatic optical inspection equipment used in the quality inspection of drilling. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the function of hole testing machine in drilling process and provide reference experience for PCB manufacturers.

U procesu bušenja PCB-a potrebno je kontrolisati sledeće moguće probleme kvaliteta: poroznost, curenje, pomeranje, pogrešno bušenje, neprodiranje, gubitak rupe, otpad, prednji deo, rupa čepa. At present, the control methods of various manufacturers are mainly to standardize the drilling process before drilling and strengthen the inspection means after drilling. In actual production, because the pre-drilling method can only reduce the probability of error, can not completely eliminate, we must rely on post-drilling inspection to ensure product quality.

In the post-drilling inspection, many domestic manufacturers are still using the plug gauge combined with artificial visual film (film) set inspection method: through the plug gauge focus on checking the hole, hole small, through the film focus on porous, leaky hole, shift, not through, not through, other hole damage, front, hole plug through artificial visual to complete. In the use of film inspection, each product drilling drill out a red film sample, inspection through the pin and product plate fixed, manual visual inspection under the light box. In theory, this method can detect all kinds of defects, but in practice, the effect is greatly discounted.

The main problems are as follows:

Prvo, zahtevi za inspekciju malog otvora ne mogu se garantovati: proizvodna praksa pokazuje da za PCB sa minimalnim otvorom ≥0.5 mm, ručno može postići veće rezultate inspekcije pod pretpostavkom da se obezbedi određena proizvodna efikasnost. This is determined by the minimum discernable visual Angle of the human eye, the working distance, and the attention span. Sa smanjenjem veličine otvora, za ploču proizvoda ispod 0.5 mm, sposobnost inspekcije ljudskih očiju će brzo opasti, za ploču proizvoda ≤0.25 mm, teško je obezbediti i kvalitet ručnog uzorkovanja.

Drugo, efikasnost ručne inspekcije je ograničena: efikasnost ručne inspekcije je direktno povezana sa brojem rupa i minimalnim otvorom blende. The actual production experience shows that the efficiency will be significantly reduced when the hole is more than 10000 and the smallest hole is less than 0.5mm. Manual inspection is only suitable for sampling. Za ploče visoke gustine nemoguće je garantovati kvalitet bušenja ručno.

Treće, stabilnost kvaliteta se ne može garantovati: na ljude će uticati iskustvo, raspoloženje, umor, odgovornost i drugi faktori, teško je osigurati stabilnost kvaliteta. Some manufacturers can not use multiple artificial, repeated inspection method, but still can not ensure the stability of quality.

In order to solve the above problems, many LARGE PCB factories have adopted hole inspection AOI equipment to replace manual labor in a large range. Posebno za preduzeća koja finansiraju Japan i Tajvan, dugogodišnja praksa je dokazala efikasnost ove nove metode, koja je vredna pažnje i preporuke mnogih domaćih proizvođača PCB-a.

Oprema za inspekciju AOI rupa pripada opremi za automatsku optičku inspekciju. Prema obliku slike različitih defekata bušenja, može se podeliti na: porozne, manje rupe, velike rupe, male rupe, rezidualne, odstupanje rupe i oblik rupe. It is divided into two kinds: one is Hole inspection machine, the other is Hole measurement and inspection machine (hole-AOI). U praksi postoji i rendgenska inspekcijska mašina koja se uglavnom koristi za analizu zatrpanih slepih rupa i višeslojnih ploča, što nije u skladu sa ciljem ručnog pregleda filmskog omotača i ne spada u obim analize овај папир.

Prema iskustvu proizvođača PCB-a o usklađivanju opreme, preporučuje se upotreba više setova mašina za proveru rupa za potpunu inspekciju prve ploče i donje ploče, fokusirajući se na inspekciju rupa, nekoliko rupa, velikih rupa, malih rupa i krhotina; Mašina za merenje i proveru položaja rupe se koristi za proveru na licu mesta, fokusirajući se na odstupanje rupe. The characteristics of the two devices are as follows:

Hole checking machine: the advantages are low price, fast inspection efficiency, check a 600mm×600mm PCB average of 6~7 seconds, can realize the porous, less hole, hole, small hole, residual inspection. Nedostatak je što mogućnost provere položaja rupe nije visoka, a mogu se otkriti samo ozbiljni nedostaci. Prema stvarnom proizvodnom iskustvu proizvođača, uglavnom je 15 RIGS opremljenih sa 1 mašinom za proveru rupa.

Mašina za merenje i proveru položaja rupa: prednost je što se svi predmeti mogu proveriti. Nedostatak je što je cena visoka (oko 3 ~ 4 puta od mašine za pregled rupa), efikasnost inspekcije je niska, potrebno je nekoliko minuta ili čak duže da se proveri 1 komad. It is generally recommended to configure one machine for product sampling inspection to supplement the deficiency of hole checking machine for hole position inspection.

Inspection principle of hole inspection AOI equipment: PCB drilling image is collected by optical system, and compared with the design document (drill tape file or Gerber file). If the two are consistent, it indicates that the drilling is correct; otherwise, it indicates that there is a problem in the drilling, and then analyze and classify the defect type according to the image morphology. The hole inspection equipment is compared with the design documents of drilling, and the manual visual inspection is compared with the film. In terms of the inspection principle, the problems caused by the film drilling errors can be avoided, and the reliability is higher.

PCB hole testing machine technology analysis

The role of hole checking machine on PCB drilling process is reflected in the following aspects:

Prva, efikasna i stabilna provera kvaliteta bušenja:

Rutinska inspekcija: porozne, manje porozne, velike rupe, male rupe i defekti se mogu proveriti istovremeno pri brzini minimalnog otvora 0.15 mm i 8 m/min, a lokacija defekta je označena i slika defekta se pregleda kako bi se obezbedila ručna osnova za procenu .

Debris inspection: in the first drilling inspection, debris is not the focus of the most attention; Ali pre galvanizacije, ostaci bi trebalo da izazovu dovoljno pažnje. Da bi se smanjio uticaj ostataka na kvalitet padavina bakra, proizvođači PCB-a uglavnom uklanjaju ostatke mlevenjem i čišćenjem pre galvanizacije, ali u praksi još uvek nije 100% čist, efekat čišćenja ploča veće gustine je gori. Theoretically, there are scraps in every PCB, so it is impossible to fully inspect all the holes on all products, relying on manual visual inspection, but the hole inspection machine makes it possible.

Quality improvement: stability is the biggest advantage of equipment, stable product quality can enhance the brand influence of PCB factory, directly improve the ability of manufacturers to receive orders.

Drugo, pomozite odeljenjima za proizvodnju i kvalitet u statističkoj analizi podataka:

Tool analysis: it can analyze the average deviation of drilling hole diameter of different drilling tools in PCB, monitor the possible drilling tool wear in real time, find the wrong tool problem in time, and avoid batch waste plates.

Analiza kapaciteta: može prikupiti dnevne, mesečne, kvartalne i godišnje proizvodne kapacitete i prosečnu efikasnost proizvodnje, obezbediti podatke analize za različite metode kontrole i poboljšati rad fabrike i sposobnost upravljanja.

Analiza mašine: može da prebroji izlaz, raznolikost i probleme kvaliteta svake opreme, poboljša sposobnost upravljanja detaljima mašine.

Third, cost saving, high input-output ratio:

Inspection personnel: on the premise of ensuring quality and improving efficiency, 2~3 inspection personnel can be saved on average by a hole inspection machine.

Raw material: it can save the material cost of film, which is more meaningful for medium and small batch factories.

Customer complaint: it can save the cost of return order and fine caused by drilling defects. Although it is not as direct as the personnel and materials saved, the average annual cost saved is even higher than the purchasing cost of hole inspection machine.

Sa višim zahtevima proizvođača PCB-a za kvalitet procesa bušenja, pod pritiskom sve veće cene rada i postepeno neadekvatne sposobnosti ručnog pregleda, važnost mašine za inspekciju rupa postaje sve očiglednija.

Upotreba mašine za pregled rupa je više od deset godina, funkcija i performanse opreme se stalno poboljšavaju, a stepen saradnje sa proizvodnjom je sve bliži. Naročito sa brzim razvojem ploča visoke gustine, mašina za pregled rupa je postepeno transformisana iz originalne pomoćne opreme u ključnu prateću opremu. In the equipment transformation of many PCB old plants and the preparation of new plants, the popularity of hole testing machine equipment will be more and more high.