1. Uvavanyo lombane

Kwinkqubo yemveliso ye Ibhodi PCB, akunakuphepheka ukuba iziphene zombane ezifana neesekethe ezimfutshane, iisekethe ezivulekileyo kunye nokuvuza ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle ziya kubangelwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukongeza, iPCB iyaqhubeka nokuvela isiya kuxinaniso oluphezulu, isandi esihle kunye namanqanaba amaninzi. Ukuba iibhodi ezineziphene azisuswanga ngexesha Ukuhlolwa, kwaye ukuyivumela ukuba ihambe kwinkqubo, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kubangela inkcitho yeendleko ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukongeza ekuphuculeni ulawulo lwenkqubo, ukuphuculwa kobugcisa bokuvavanya kunokubonelela abavelisi be-PCB ngezisombululo zokunciphisa izinga lokwaliwa kunye nokuphucula imveliso yemveliso.

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso ze-elektroniki, ilahleko yeendleko ezibangelwa ziziphene zinamadigri ahlukeneyo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Okukhona ukubhaqwa kwangethuba, kokukhona lisezantsi ixabiso lolungiso. “Umthetho we-10’s” uhlala usetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iindleko zokulungisa xa ii-PCB zifunyenwe zineziphene kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba ibhodi engenanto iveliswe, ukuba isiphaluka esivulekileyo ebhodini sinokubonwa ngexesha langempela, ngokuqhelekileyo sidinga kuphela ukulungisa umgca wokuphucula isiphene, okanye ininzi ibhodi engenanto ilahlekileyo; kodwa ukuba isiphaluka esivulekileyo asibonwanga, linda ukuba ibhodi ihanjiswe Xa i-assembler ezantsi igqiba ukufakwa kwamacandelo, i-furnace tin kunye ne-IR iyancitshiswa, kodwa ngeli xesha ifunyenwe ukuba isiphaluka sinqanyuliwe. Umhlanganisi jikelele osezantsi uya kucela inkampani yokuvelisa ibhodi engenanto ukuba ihlawule iindleko zamacandelo kunye nomsebenzi onzima. , Imirhumo yokuhlola, njl. Ukuba kubi nakakhulu, ibhodi enesiphene ayifumanekanga kuvavanyo lwe-assembler, kwaye ingena kwimveliso egqityiweyo yenkqubo, njengeekhompyutheni, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iinxalenye ze-auto, njl. ixesha, ilahleko efunyenwe uvavanyo iya kuba ibhodi engenanto ngexesha. Amaxesha alikhulu, iwaka, okanye nangaphezulu. Ke ngoko, kushishino lwePCB, uvavanyo lombane kukubona kwangethuba iziphene ezisebenzayo zesekethe.

Abadlali abasezantsi badla ngokufuna abavelisi be-PCB ukuba benze uvavanyo lombane lwe-100%, kwaye ke ngoko baya kufikelela kwisivumelwano nabavelisi be-PCB kwiimeko zovavanyo kunye neendlela zovavanyo. Ke ngoko, omabini amaqela aya kuqala achaze ngokucacileyo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Uvavanyo lwedatha kunye nefomathi

2. Iimeko zokuvavanya, ezifana ne-voltage, i-current, i-insulation kunye nokudibanisa

3. Indlela yokuvelisa izixhobo kunye nokukhetha

4. Isahluko sovavanyo

5. Ukulungisa iinkcukacha

Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwePCB, kukho izigaba ezithathu ekufuneka zivavanywe:

1. Emva kokuba uluhlu lwangaphakathi lufakwe

2. Emva kokuba isekethe yangaphandle ibhaliwe

3. Imveliso egqityiweyo

Kwinqanaba ngalinye, kuya kubakho amaxesha angama-2 ukuya kwe-3 yovavanyo lwe-100%, kwaye iibhodi ezineziphene ziya kujongwa kwaye ziphinde zisebenze. Ke ngoko, isikhululo sovavanyo sikwangowona mthombo ulungileyo wokuqokelelwa kwedatha yokuhlalutya iingxaki zenkqubo. Ngeziphumo zobalo, ipesenti yeesekethe ezivulekileyo, iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-insulation zingafumaneka. Emva komsebenzi onzima, ukuhlolwa kuya kwenziwa. Emva kokuba idatha ihlelwe, indlela yokulawula umgangatho ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana Sombulula unobangela wengxaki.

2. Iindlela zokulinganisa umbane kunye nezixhobo

Iindlela zokuvavanya umbane zibandakanya: Ukuzinikezela, iGridi yeHlabathi, iFlying Probe, i-E-Beam, ilaphu eliqhubayo (iGlue), umthamo kunye novavanyo lwebrashi (ATG-SCANMAN), apho kukho izixhobo ezithathu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ezizezi umatshini wovavanyo okhethekileyo, uvavanyo ngokubanzi. umatshini kunye nomatshini wokuhlola ophaphazelayo. Ukuze uqonde kakuhle imisebenzi yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, oku kulandelayo kuya kuthelekisa iimpawu zezixhobo ezintathu eziphambili.

1. Uvavanyo oluzinikeleyo

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo luvavanyo olukhethekileyo ngenxa yokuba i-fixture esetyenzisiweyo (Ukulungiswa, njengepleyiti yenaliti yokuvavanya umbane webhodi yesekethe) ifanelekile kuphela kwinombolo enye yezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye iibhodi zamanani ahlukeneyo azikwazi ukuvavanywa. Kwaye ayinakurisayikilishwa. Ngokubhekiselele kumanqaku okuvavanya, iphaneli enye inokuvavanywa ngaphakathi kwamanqaku e-10,240 kunye namanqaku amabini angama-8,192 ngalinye. Ngokumalunga nokuxinana kovavanyo, ngenxa yobunzima bentloko yeprobe, ifaneleke ngakumbi kwibhodi ene-pitch okanye ngaphezulu.

2. Uvavanyo lweGridi yeHlabathi

Umgaqo osisiseko wovavanyo lwenjongo ngokubanzi kukuba uyilo lwesekethe yePCB yenzelwe ngokwegridi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-circuit density ibhekisela kumgama wegridi, echazwe ngokubhekiselele kwi-pitch (ngamanye amaxesha inokuthi ibonakaliswe ngokuxinana komngxuma) ), kwaye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lusekelwe kulo mgaqo. Ngokwendawo yomngxuma, isiseko se-G10 sisetyenziswa njengemaski. Kuphela iprobe kwindawo yomngxuma inokudlula kwimaski yokuvavanya umbane. Ngoko ke, ukuveliswa kwesigxina kulula kwaye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-probe Inaliti ingaphinda isetyenziswe. Uvavanyo lwenjongo ngokubanzi lunomgangatho weGridi esisigxina enepleyiti yenaliti enkulu eneendawo ezininzi zokulinganisa ezininzi. Iipleyiti zenaliti zeprobe ezihambayo zingenziwa ngokwamanani ahlukeneyo ezinto eziphathekayo. Xa imveliso yobuninzi, ipleyiti yenaliti eshukumayo ingatshintshwa ibe yimveliso yobuninzi yamanani ahlukeneyo. uvavanyo.

Ukongeza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugudiswa kwenkqubo yesekethe yebhodi yePCB egqityiweyo, kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe umatshini wombane ovulelekileyo/oMfutshane (ofana ne-250V) oneenjongo ezininzi. ibhodi ngepleyiti yenaliti kunye noqhagamshelwano oluthile. Olu hlobo lomatshini wokuvavanya jikelele lubizwa ngokuba yi “Automatic Testing Equipment” (ATE, i-Automatic Testing Equipment).

Amanqaku ovavanyo lwenjongo ngokubanzi aqhele ukuba ngamanqaku angama-10,000, kwaye uvavanyo olunoxinaniso lovavanyo okanye lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwegridi. Ukuba isetyenziswe kwibhodi yoxinaniso oluphezulu, ingaphandle koyilo lwegridi ngenxa yesithuba esisondele kakhulu, ngoko ke yeye-off-grid Uvavanyo, isilungiso kufuneka siyilwe ngokukodwa, kunye noxinaniso lovavanyo lwenjongo ngokubanzi. uvavanyo ludla ngokufikelela kwiQFP.

3. Uvavanyo lwe-Flying Probe

Umgaqo wovavanyo lwe-flying probe ulula kakhulu. Ifuna kuphela iiprobes ezimbini ukuhambisa i-x, y, z ukuvavanya amanqaku amabini okuphela kwesekethe nganye nganye, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokwenza iijigi ezibizayo ezongezelelweyo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba luvavanyo lokuphela, isantya sokuvavanya sicotha kakhulu, malunga ne-10-40 amanqaku / isekhondi, ngoko ke ifanelekile ngakumbi kwiisampuli kunye nemveliso encinci; malunga noxinaniso lovavanyo, uvavanyo lwe-flying probe lunokusetyenziswa kwiibhodi ezinoxinano oluphezulu kakhulu.