Buga kwamiti na kewaye (PCB) za a iya raba shi cikin PCB mai ƙarfi da PCB mai sassauƙa, na farko za a iya raba shi zuwa nau’ikan uku: PCB mai gefe ɗaya, PCB mai gefe biyu da PCB mai yawa. According to the quality grade, PCB can be divided into three quality grades: 1, 2 and 3, of which 3 is the highest requirement. Bambance -bambance a cikin matakan ingancin PCB suna haifar da rikitarwa da bambance -bambancen gwaji da hanyoyin dubawa.

Har zuwa yau, PCBS mai kauri mai fuska biyu da yawa sun mamaye manyan aikace-aikace a cikin kayan lantarki, tare da PCBS masu sassauci wani lokacin ana amfani da su a wasu lokuta. Sabili da haka, wannan takarda za ta mai da hankali kan ingancin dubawar PCB mai bangarori biyu da yawa. Bayan masana’antar PCB, dole ne a bincika don tantance ko ingancin ya cika buƙatun ƙira. It can be said that quality inspection is an important guarantee to ensure the quality of products and the smooth implementation of subsequent procedures.

Matsayi na dubawa

Ka’idodin dubawa na PCB galibi sun haɗa da fannoni masu zuwa:

A. Matakan da kowace ƙasa ta kafa;

B. Mizanin soja na kowace ƙasa;

C. Matsayin masana’antu, kamar SJ/T10309;

D. Dokokin duba PCB wanda mai samar da kayan aiki ya tsara;

E. Buƙatun fasaha da aka yiwa alama akan ƙirar ƙirar PCB.

Ga PCBS da aka gano suna da mahimmanci ga kayan aiki, dole ne a bincika waɗannan mahimman sigogin halayen da alamomi daga kai zuwa ƙafa baya ga dubawa na yau da kullun.

Abubuwan dubawa

Ko da wane nau’in PCB, dole ne su bi irin waɗannan hanyoyin dubawa da shirye -shirye masu inganci. According to the inspection method, the quality inspection items usually include appearance inspection, general electrical performance inspection, general technical performance inspection and metal coating inspection.

• Binciken bayyanar

Binciken gani yana da sauƙi tare da taimakon mai mulki, vernier caliper, ko gilashin ƙara girma. Abubuwan da aka bincika sun haɗa da:

A. kauri, surface roughness da warpage na farantin.

B. Bayyanar da girman taro, musamman girman taron da ya dace da masu haɗin wutar lantarki da hanyoyin jagora.

C. Mutunci da tsarkin tsarin gudanar da aiki, kuma ko akwai gajartar da’irar gada, buɗaɗɗen da’ira, burrs ko gibi.

D. Ingancin farfajiya, ko akwai ramuka, karce ko ramuka a kan wayoyin da aka buga ko gammaye.

E. Wurin ramukan kushin da sauran ramukan. Duba ko ramukan sun bace ko an yi su ba daidai ba, ko diamita na ramukan ya cika buƙatun ƙira kuma ko akwai nodules da gibi.

F. Inganci da tsayin murfin kushin, kauri, haske da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen lahani.

G. Ingancin sutura. Ruwan lantarki yana da ƙarfi, madaidaici, matsayi daidai ne, kwarara ɗaya ce, launi yana cikin layi tare da buƙatun da suka dace.

H. Ingancin haruffa, kamar ko suna da ƙarfi, bayyanannu da tsabta, ba tare da fashewa ba, huda ko fashewa.

• Binciken aikin lantarki na yau da kullun

Akwai nau’ikan gwaje -gwaje iri biyu a ƙarƙashin wannan nau’in dubawa:

A. Gwajin aikin haɗi. During this test, a multimeter is usually used to check the connectivity of the conductive pattern, with emphasis on the metallized perforations of double-sided PCBS and the connectivity of multi-layer PCBS. Don wannan gwajin, mai ƙera PCB zai ba da dubawa na yau da kullun na kowane PCB da aka riga aka tsara kafin ya bar sito don tabbatar da cewa ayyukansa na asali sun cika.

B. Gwajin aikin rufi. An tsara wannan gwajin don bincika juriya na rufi akan jirgi ɗaya ko tsakanin jirage daban -daban don tabbatar da aikin rufin PCB.

• Binciken fasaha na gaba ɗaya

Binciken fasaha na yau da kullun yana rufe solderability da dubawa adhesion dubawa. Ga na baya, duba dusar ƙanƙara na mai siyarwa zuwa tsarin gudanarwa. Na ƙarshen, ana iya aiwatar da dubawa ta ƙwararrun nasihu waɗanda aka fara liƙa su a saman farantin don dubawa sannan kuma za a iya cire su da sauri koda bayan latsawa. Na gaba, yakamata a kula da jirgin saman plating don tabbatar da cewa peeling yana faruwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya zaɓar wasu hanyoyin dubawa gwargwadon ainihin halin da ake ciki, kamar ƙarfin faɗuwar farantin jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe ƙarfe ta ƙarfin ƙarfi.

• Karfe ƙarfe ta hanyar dubawa

Ingancin ƙarfe ƙarfe ta cikin ramuka yana da matukar mahimmanci ga PCB mai gefe biyu da PCB mai yawa. Kasawa da yawa na kayayyaki na lantarki har ma da duk kayan aikin saboda ingancin ramukan ƙarfe. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a mai da hankali sosai ga binciken da aka ƙera ta hanyar ramuka. A. Jirgin ƙarfe na bangon rami zai zama cikakke, santsi kuma babu ramuka ko ƙananan nodules ta hanyar duba ƙarfe da ke rufe fannoni masu zuwa.

B. Yakamata a bincika kadarorin wutar lantarki gwargwadon gajeriyar hanyar buɗewa ta kushin da aka ƙera ta hanyar murfin rami, da juriya tsakanin rami da gubar.

C. Bayan gwajin muhalli, ƙimar canjin juriya na ramin bai wuce 5% zuwa 10% ba.

D. Ƙarfin injin yana nufin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ramin ƙarfe da kushin.

E. Gwaje -gwajen bincike na Metallographic suna duba ingancin suttura, kaurin rufi da daidaituwa, da ƙarfin mannewa tsakanin abin rufewa da farantin ƙarfe.

Ƙarfafawa ta hanyar dubawa galibi haɗin haɗin gani ne da dubawa na inji. Binciken gani ya haɗa da fallasa PCB zuwa haske da gani idan m, bangon rami mai santsi yana nuna haske daidai. Koyaya, bangon da ke ɗauke da nodules ko ramuka ba za su yi haske sosai ba. Don samar da ƙarar, ya kamata a yi amfani da na’urar dubawa ta cikin layi (misali, mai gwajin allurar tashi).

Dangane da hadaddun tsarin PCBS mai ɗimbin yawa, yana da wuya a gano kurakurai cikin sauri da zarar an sami matsaloli yayin gwaje-gwajen haɗaɗɗen gungun abubuwa na gaba. Sakamakon haka, binciken ingancinsa da amincinsa dole ne su kasance masu tsauri. Baya ga abubuwan dubawa na yau da kullun na sama, sauran abubuwan dubawa kuma sun haɗa da sigogi masu zuwa: juriya mai jagora, ƙarfe ƙarfe ta hanyar juriya na rami, gajeren gajere na ciki da buɗewa, juriya ta ruɗe tsakanin layin, ƙarfin mannewa mai ƙarfi, adhesion, juriya na tasirin zafi, inji tasirin tasirin tasiri, ƙarfin yanzu, da dai sauransu. Dole ne a sami kowane mai nuna alama ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da hanyoyin.