Ephrintiwe wesifunda ibhodi (I-PCB) ingahlukaniswa nge-PCB eqinile ne-PCB eguquguqukayo, eyokuqala ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-PCB eyodwa-emaceleni, i-PCB emaceleni amabili ne-PCB enezingqimba eziningi. Ngokuya ebangeni lekhwalithi, i-PCB ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu zekhwalithi: 1, 2 no-3, okuyi-3 okuyimfuneko ephezulu kakhulu. Umehluko emazingeni wekhwalithi ye-PCB kuholela ekuxakekeni nomehluko ezindleleni zokuhlola nokuhlola.

Kuze kube manje, ama-PCBS aqinile anezinhlangothi zombili futhi anezingqimba eziningi asebenzise ububanzi obukhulu bezinhlelo zokusebenza ku-elekthronikhi, nge-PCBS eguquguqukayo kwesinye isikhathi esetshenziswa kwezinye izimo. Ngakho-ke, leli phepha lizogxila ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi ye-PCB eqinile emaceleni omabili nangaphezulu. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuthola ukuthi ikhwalithi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo nokuqaliswa okuhle kwezinqubo ezilandelayo.

Izinga lokuhlola

Amazinga wokuhlola we-PCB ikakhulukazi afaka lezi zici ezilandelayo:

A. Amazinga abekwe yizwe ngalinye;

B. Amazinga ezempi ezweni ngalinye;

C. Amazinga ezimboni, njenge-SJ / T10309;

D. Imiyalo yokuhlola ye-PCB eyenziwe ngumhlinzeki wemishini;

E. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zimakwe kumdwebo we-PCB design.

Kuma-PCBS akhonjwe njengabalulekile entweni yokusebenza, lezi zinhlaka ezibucayi nezinkomba kufanele zihlolwe kusuka ekhanda kuye ozwaneni ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Izinto zokuhlola

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-PCB, kumele badlule ezindleleni nasezinhlelweni ezifanayo zokuhlola ikhwalithi. Ngokwendlela yokuhlola, izinto zokuhlola ikhwalithi zivame ukufaka ukuhlolwa kokubukeka, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kagesi okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okujwayelekile kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimbi.

• Ukuhlola ukubukeka

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kulula ngosizo lwerula, i-vernier caliper, noma ingilazi yokukhulisa. Izinto ezihloliwe zifaka:

A. Ubukhulu, ukuqina kobuso kanye ne-warpage yepuleti.

Ubukhulu nobukhulu bomhlangano, ikakhulukazi ubukhulu bomhlangano obuhambisana nezixhumi zikagesi kanye nojantshi wokuqondisa.

C. Ubuqotho nokucaca kwephethini eqhubayo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona amasekethe amafushane ebhuloho, amasekethe avulekile, ama-burrs noma izikhala.

D. Ikhwalithi yesurface, noma ngabe kunemigodi, ukuklwebheka noma izimbotshana ezintanjeni eziphrintiwe noma kumaphayiphu.

E. Indawo yemigodi yephedi nezinye izimbobo. Bheka ukuthi izimbobo azilahlekile noma zibholwe ngokungalungile, noma ngabe ububanzi bemigodi buhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklanywa nokuthi ngabe kukhona amaqhuqhuva nezikhala.

F. Ikhwalithi nokuqina kokumbozwa kwephedi, uburhabaxa, ukugqama nokushoda kwamaphutha aphakanyisiwe.

G. Izinga esinemthombo. Ukuguquguquka kwe-Electroplating kufana, kuqinile, isikhundla silungile, ukuguquguquka kufana, umbala wawo uhambisana nezidingo ezifanele.

H. Ikhwalithi yezinhlamvu, njengokuthi ziqinile, zicacile futhi zihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokuklwebheka, ukubhoboza noma ukugqashuka.

• Ukuhlola ukusebenza kogesi njalo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo lwesheke:

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuxhumeka. Ngesikhathi salesi sivivinyo, i-multimeter ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka ukuxhumeka kwephethini eqhubayo, ngokugcizelela kokufakwa kwensimbi kwe-PCBS emaceleni amabili nokuxhuma kwe-PCBS enezingqimba eziningi. Kulesi sivivinyo, umenzi we-PCB uzohlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-PCB ngayinye esetshenzisiwe ngaphambi kokuthi ishiye ishede ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo iyafezeka.

B. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuvala. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuklanyelwe ukuhlola ukumelana kokufakwa kwendiza efanayo noma phakathi kwezindiza ezahlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-PCB.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe okujwayelekile

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezobuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokunamathela nokunamathisela. Okwakuqala, hlola ukuthambisa kwe-solder kuphethini eqhubayo. Okokugcina, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngamathiphu afanelekayo aqale ananyathiselwe endaweni eyakhiwe ukuze ihlolwe bese esuswa masishane nangemuva kokucindezelwa. Okulandelayo, indiza yokugibela kufanele ibhekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxebuka kuyenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlela zokuhlola zingakhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sangempela, njengamandla okuwa we-foil yethusi kanye ne-metallization ngamandla we-tensile.

• I-Metallization ngokuhlola

Ikhwalithi ye-metallized ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ibaluleke kakhulu ku-PCB emaceleni amabili ne-PCB enezingqimba eziningi. Ukwehluleka okuningi kwamamojula we-elekthronikhi ngisho nemishini yonke kungenxa yekhwalithi yemigodi esansimbi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-metallized ngokusebenzisa izimbobo. Indiza yensimbi yodonga oluyimbobo izophelela, ibushelelezi futhi ingabi nazimbotshana noma amaqhuqhuva amancane ngokubheka i-metallization ehlanganisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo.

B. Izici zikagesi kufanele zihlolwe ngokusho kwesekethe elifushane nelivulekile lephedi futhi kufakwe metallized ngokusebenzisa umgodi wokumboza, nokumelana phakathi komgodi oholayo nomholi.

C. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwemvelo, izinga lokuguqulwa kokumelana nomgodi ogqobayo akufanele leqe ku-5% kuye ku-10%.

D. Amandla emishini abhekisa emandleni okuhlanganisa phakathi komgodi oyinsimbi nephedi.

E. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Metallographic kubheka ikhwalithi yokumboza, ukujiya kokuqina nokufana, namandla wokubambelela phakathi kokumboza nocwecwe lwethusi.

I-Metallization ngokuhlola imvamisa iyinhlanganisela yokuhlola okubukwayo nokuhlolwa kwemishini. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kuhilela ukudalula i-PCB ekukhanyeni nokubona ukuthi udonga oluqinile, olubushelelezi oludlulile lukhombisa ukukhanya ngokulinganayo. Noma kunjalo, izindonga eziqukethe amaqhuqhuva noma ama-voids ngeke zikhanye kakhulu. Ngokukhiqizwa kwevolumu, kufanele kusetshenziswe idivayisi yokuhlola oku-inthanethi (isb., I-flying needle tester).

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sama-PCBS anezendlalelo eziningi, kunzima ukuthola amaphutha ngokushesha uma kutholakala izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komhlangano weyunithi elandelayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nokuthembeka kwayo kumele kube lukhuni kakhulu. Ngokungeziwe ezintweni zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ezingenhla, ezinye izinto zokuhlola zifaka nemingcele elandelayo: ukumelana nomqhubi, ukusansimbi ngokusebenzisa ukumelana komgodi, isekethe langaphakathi elifushane nesekethe evulekile, ukumelana nokuqina phakathi kwemigqa, amandla wokubambelela wokunamathela, ukunamathela, ukumelana nomthelela oshisayo, imishini amandla okuthelela umthelela, amandla amanje, njll. Inkomba ngayinye kufanele itholakale ngokusebenzisa imishini nezindlela ezikhethekile.