PCB (papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia) hiki ke mahele ʻia i PCB ʻoʻoleʻa a me PCB maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea mua i ʻekolu mau ʻano: PCB ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, PCB ʻaoʻao ʻelua, a me PCB multi-layer. PCBS can be divided into three quality grades based on quality grade: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3, with 3 of these having the highest requirements. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i nā pae maikaʻi PCB alakaʻi i ka ʻokoʻa i ka paʻakikī a me nā hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻano loiloi. I kēia manawa, helu paʻa ʻo PCBS ʻaoʻao ʻelua a me multi-layer no ka nui o nā noi i nā huahana uila, a i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PCBS maʻalahi i kekahi mau hanana. Therefore, this paper will focus on the quality inspection of rigid double-sided and multi-layer PCBs. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka PCB, pono e nānā ʻia e hoʻoholo inā kūlike ka maikaʻi me nā koina hoʻolālā. It can be considered that quality inspection is an important guarantee of product quality and the smooth implementation of subsequent procedures.

Hae loiloi

PCB inspection standards mainly include the following aspects:

A. Nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kēlā me kēia ʻāina;

B. Nā kūlana koa no kēlā me kēia ʻāina;

C. ʻOihana maʻamau e like me SJ / T10309;

D. PCB inspection instructions formulated by equipment supplier;

E. Nā koi ʻenehana i kaha ʻia ma nā kaha kiʻi PCB.

For PCBS that have been identified as keyboards in equipment, these key characteristic parameters and indicators must be centralized and checked from the head, in addition to regular inspection. I nā manamana wāwae.

Nā mea nānā

Nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o PCB, pono lākou e hana i nā ʻano loiloi e like me ka maikaʻi a me nā mea. Wahi a ke kiʻina hana nānā, nā mea e nānā ai i ka maikaʻi e hoʻopili mau i ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā, ka nānā ʻana i ka hana uila uila, ka nānā ʻana i nā hana loea maʻamau, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hao.

• Nānā ʻike maka

He maʻalahi ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike me ke kōkua o ka lula, ka vernier caliper, a i ʻole ke aniani hoʻonui. Aia i ka nānā ke:

A. ka mānoanoa o ka pā, ka pā o ka ʻilikai, a me ka ʻelima.

B. Nā helehelena a me nā anaina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā anaina i kūpono me nā mea hoʻopili uila a me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi.

C. Ka pololei a me ka mōakāka o nā lau naʻau conductive a me ke kū ʻana o ke alahaka pōkole, hāmama hāmama, a i ʻole ʻole.

D. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻilikai, ke kū ʻana o nā lua, nā ʻalā, a i ʻole nā ​​pinholes ma kahi kaha i paʻi ʻia a i ʻole pad. Location of pad holes and other holes. E nānā pono i nā puka no ka kuʻi hewa a hewa ʻole paha, kō ke anawaena puka i nā pono hoʻolālā, a me nā nodule a me nā hakahaka.

F. Pad quality and firmness, roughness, brightness, and clearance of raised defects.

G. Ka maikaʻi ka uhi ʻana. The coating flux is uniform and firm, the position is correct, the flux is uniform, and the color meets the requirements.

H. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano, e like me ke kūpaʻa, maʻemaʻe, a me ka maʻemaʻe, me ka ʻole o nā kaha, nā komo, a haki paha.

• Nānā i nā hana uila

ʻElua mau hoʻāʻo ma lalo o kēia ʻano hoʻokolokolo.

A. Connection performance test. I kēia hoʻāʻo, hoʻohana ʻia ka multimeter e nānā i ka pilina o nā lau conductive ma o ka metalized e kau ʻia ana ma o nā lua o PCBS ʻaoʻao ʻelua a me ka pili o PCBS maha-ʻāpana. No kēia hoʻāʻo, hāʻawi ka PCBCart i nā loiloi laulā ma kēlā me kēia PCB i hana ʻia ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i kāna waihona no ka hōʻoia ʻana e hoʻokō ʻia kāna mau hana maʻamau.

B. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia ho’āʻo e nānā i ke kūpale kūpale o ka mokulele like a i ʻole ma waena o nā mokulele ʻokoʻa e hōʻoia i ka hana pilikino o ka PCB.

• Nānā ʻike loea

General technical inspection includes weldability and electroplating adhesion inspection. No ka mea ma mua, e nānā i ka hiki ʻole o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ke ʻano conductive. For the latter, it can be checked by qualified tips that are first glued to the plating surface to be examined and then quickly pulled out after being pressed evenly. A laila, e nānā pono ʻia ka mokulele plating e hōʻoia i ka ʻike ʻana o ka peeling. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke koho ʻia i kekahi mau kaha e like me ke kūlana maoli, e like me ka ikaika keleawe keleawe a me ka ikaika anti-tensile metala.

• Metallization ma o ka nānā ʻana

He mea nui ka maikaʻi o nā lua metala i PCB ʻaoʻao ʻelua a me PCB multi-layer. ʻO ka nui o nā hemahema o nā modula uila a ʻoiai nā pono āpau e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o nā lua metala. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the inspection of metalized holes. Hoʻopili ka nānā Metallization i nā ʻano aʻe:

A. ʻO ka mokulele metala o ka paia puka-pono e piha a laumania, me ka ʻole o ke nodule a me ka nodule.

B. E nānā ʻia nā pono uila e like me ke kaapuni pōkole a hāmama o ka pad a me ke kūpaʻa ma waena o ka puka a me ke kēpau ma o ka metallization o ka pelane plating. After environmental testing, the resistance change rate of the through-hole should not exceed 5% to 10%. Mechanical strength refers to the bonding strength between the metalized through-hole and pad. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua loiloi Metallographic ke kuleana no ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka papa o ka plating, ka mānoanoa a me ka like o ka papa o ka plating, a me ka paʻa paʻa ma waena o ka pae plating a me ka pepa keleawe.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka metallization me ka nānā ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana mechanical. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana e waiho i ka PCB ma lalo o ka mālamalama a ʻo ka pā holoʻokoʻa ma o ka puka e hōʻike pono i ke kukui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e mālamalama ka hele ʻana i nā paia me nā nodule a i ʻole nā ​​hakahaka. No ka hana nuipaʻa, pono e nānā ʻia e nā pono hoʻāʻo pūnaewele e like me ka mea e hoʻāʻo ana ka nila.

Ma muli o ka hanana paʻakikī o PCB multi-layer, paʻakikī e ʻike koke i nā hala ke loaʻa nā pilikia i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻuluulu anakahi hou. No laila, ke koʻikoʻi loa e nānā ana i kona pono a me ka hilinaʻi. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea e nānā ai i nā hana maʻamau, ʻo nā mea nānā ʻē aʻe i nā palena aʻe: conductor resistence, metalized through-hole resistence, loko pōkole circuit, a me ka open circuit, insulate resistence ma waena o nā uea, electroplating plane bonding ikaika, adhesion, thermal shock resistence, ka hopena kūpale, ka hopena mechanical, ka ikaika o kēia manawa, etc. Pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia anakuhi ma o ka noi ʻana i nā pono hana a me nā ʻano hana.