I-PCB (ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe) can be divided into rigid PCB and flexible PCB, the former can be divided into three types: single-sided PCB, double-sided PCB, and multi-layer PCB. I-PCBS ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu zekhwalithi ngokususelwa ebangeni lekhwalithi: I-Class 1, Class 2, kanye neClass 3, kuthi ezintathu zazo zibe nezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu. Differences in PCB quality levels lead to differences in complexity and testing and inspection methods. Kuze kube manje, i-akhawunti eqinile ye-PCBS emaceleni amabili futhi enezingqimba eziningi yezicelo eziningi emikhiqizweni kagesi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi i-PCBS eguquguqukayo iyasetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile. Therefore, this paper will focus on the quality inspection of rigid double-sided and multi-layer PCBs. Ngemuva kokuthi i-PCB yenziwe, kufanele ihlolwe ukuthola ukuthi ikhwalithi iyahambisana yini nezidingo zokuklama. Kungabhekwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuqaliswa okushelelayo kwezinqubo ezalandela.

Izinga lokuhlola

Amazinga wokuhlola we-PCB ikakhulukazi afaka lezi zici ezilandelayo:

A. Standards set by each country;

B. Amazinga ezempi ezweni ngalinye;

C. Izinga lezimboni njenge-SJ / T10309;

D. PCB inspection instructions formulated by equipment supplier;

E. Technical requirements marked on PCB design drawings.

For PCBS that have been identified as keyboards in equipment, these key characteristic parameters and indicators must be centralized and checked from the head, in addition to regular inspection. To the toes.

Izinto zokuhlola

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-PCB, kumele babhekane nezindlela zokuhlola zekhwalithi ezifanayo nezinto. According to the inspection method, quality inspection items usually include visual inspection, general electrical performance inspection, general technical performance inspection, and metalization inspection.

• Visual inspection

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kulula ngosizo lwerula, i-vernier caliper, noma ingilazi yokukhulisa. The inspection includes:

A. plate thickness, surface roughness, and warpage.

B. Ukubukeka nobukhulu bomhlangano, ikakhulukazi ubukhulu bomhlangano obuhambisana nezixhumi zikagesi nezinsimbi zomhlahlandlela.

C. Ubuqotho nokucaca kwamaphethini aqhubayo nokuba khona kwebhuloho elifushane, elivulekile, noma igebe.

D. Ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukutholakala kwemigodi, ukuklwebheka, noma iziphandla kulokho okuphrintiwe noma kuphedi. Indawo yemigodi yephedi nezinye izimbobo. Izimbobo kufanele zihlolwe ukuthi azikho yini izibhakela ezingekho noma ezingekho kahle, ububanzi bemigodi buhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo, namaqhuqhuva nama-voids.

F. Pad quality and firmness, roughness, brightness, and clearance of raised defects.

G. Izinga esinemthombo. Ukugeleza kokumboza kufana futhi kuqinile, isikhundla silungile, ukugeleza kufana, futhi umbala uhlangabezana nezidingo.

H. Ikhwalithi yezinhlamvu, njengokuthi ziqinile, zihlanzekile, futhi zihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokuklwebheka, ukungena, noma amakhefu.

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kukagesi okujwayelekile

Kunezivivinyo ezimbili ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo lokuhlolwa:

A. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza koxhumano. Kulesi sivivinyo, i-multimeter ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukubheka ukuxhumeka kwamaphethini wokuqhuba ngokusebenzisa okugxilwe ngensimbi ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ze-PCBS ezinamacala amabili nokuxhuma kwama-PCBS amaningi. Kulesi sivivinyo, i-PCBCart inikeza amasheke ajwayelekile kwi-PCB ngayinye eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuthi ishiye indawo yayo yokugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo iyafezeka.

B. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuklanyelwe ukuhlola ukumelana kwendiza efanayo noma phakathi kwezindiza ezahlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-PCB.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe okujwayelekile

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezobuchwepheshe kufaka phakathi ukuqiniswa kokunamathela nokuqina kwe-electroplating. Okwakuqala, hlola ukuthambisa kwe-solder kuphethini eqhubayo. Okwamuva, kungabhekwa ngamathiphu afanelekayo aqale anamathiselwe endaweni yesakhiwo ukuze ahlolwe bese ekhishwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokucindezelwa ngokulinganayo. Okulandelayo, indiza yokugibela kufanele ibhekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxebuka kuyenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amasheke angakhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sangempela, njengamandla we-foil anti-fall we-copper namandla we-anti-tensile.

• Metallization through inspection

Ikhwalithi yemigodi enezinsimbi idlala indima ebalulekile ku-PCB emaceleni omabili naku-PCB enezingqimba eziningi. Inani elikhulu lokwehluleka kwamamojula kagesi ngisho nemishini yonke kungenxa yekhwalithi yemigodi enezinsimbi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwemigodi enezinsimbi. Ukuhlolwa kwensimbi kufaka phakathi lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

A. Indiza yensimbi yodonga oluyimbobo kufanele iphelele futhi ibushelelezi, kungabi nalutho noma i-nodule.

B. Izici zikagesi zizohlolwa ngokuya ngesekethe elifushane nelivulekile lephedi kanye nokumelana phakathi komgodi odonsayo kanye nomthofu ngokusebenzisa insimbi yendiza engaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwemvelo, izinga lokuguqulwa kokumelana nomgodi odlulayo akufanele leqe u-5% kuye ku-10%. Amandla emishini abhekisa emandleni okuhlanganisa phakathi kwembobo yensimbi nephedi. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Metallographic kunesibopho sokuhlola ikhwalithi yendawo yokugcwala, ubukhulu nokufana kwendawo yokufaka, namandla okuhlanganisa phakathi kwendawo yokugcoba nocwecwe lwethusi.

Ukuhlolwa kwensimbi kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlola okubukwayo nokuhlolwa kwemishini. Visual inspection is to observe that the PCB is placed under light and that the complete smooth through-hole wall reflects light evenly. Kodwa-ke, ukudlula ezindongeni ezinamaqhuqhuva noma ama-voids ngeke kukhanye kangako. Ngokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemishini yokuhlola eku-inthanethi efana nokuhlola inaliti endizayo.

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se-PCB enezingqimba eziningi, kunzima ukuthola amaphutha ngokushesha uma izinkinga zivela ekuhlolweni komhlangano weyunithi elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwayo kufanele kube nzima kakhulu. Ngokungeziwe ezintweni zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ezingenhla, ezinye izinto zokuhlola zifaka amapharamitha alandelayo: ukumelana nomqhubi, ukumelana okwenziwe ngembobo, isekhethi langaphakathi elifushane, nokujikeleza okuvulekile, ukumelana kokuqina phakathi kwezintambo, amandla okuqinisa izindiza, ukunamathela, ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, ukumelana nomthelela, umthelela womshini, amandla amanje, njll. Inkomba ngayinye kufanele itholakale ngokusebenzisa imishini nezindlela ezikhethekile.