PCB (tejede Circuit ọkọ) can be divided into rigid PCB and flexible PCB, the former can be divided into three types: single-sided PCB, double-sided PCB, and multi-layer PCB. PCBS le pin si awọn onipò didara mẹta ti o da lori ite didara: Kilasi 1, Kilasi 2, ati Kilasi 3, pẹlu 3 ti iwọnyi ni awọn ibeere to ga julọ. Differences in PCB quality levels lead to differences in complexity and testing and inspection methods. Titi di asiko yii, akọọlẹ PCBS ti o ni ilopo-meji ti o ni ilopo-pupọ fun nọmba nla ti awọn ohun elo ni awọn ọja itanna, ati nigba miiran PCBS rirọ ni a lo ni awọn ipo kan. Therefore, this paper will focus on the quality inspection of rigid double-sided and multi-layer PCBs. Lẹhin ti a ti ṣelọpọ PCB, o gbọdọ ṣe ayẹwo lati pinnu boya didara jẹ ibaramu pẹlu awọn ibeere apẹrẹ. O le ṣe akiyesi pe ayewo didara jẹ iṣeduro pataki ti didara ọja ati imuse didan ti awọn ilana atẹle.

Boṣewa ayewo

Awọn ajohunše ayewo PCB nipataki pẹlu awọn abala wọnyi:

A. Awọn ilana ti a ṣeto nipasẹ orilẹ -ede kọọkan;

B. Awọn ajohunše ologun fun orilẹ -ede kọọkan;

C. Iwọn ile -iṣẹ bii SJ/T10309;

D. PCB inspection instructions formulated by equipment supplier;

E. Technical requirements marked on PCB design drawings.

For PCBS that have been identified as keyboards in equipment, these key characteristic parameters and indicators must be centralized and checked from the head, in addition to regular inspection. To the toes.

Awọn ohun ayewo

Laibikita iru PCB, wọn gbọdọ faragba iru awọn ọna ayewo didara ati awọn ohun kan. According to the inspection method, quality inspection items usually include visual inspection, general electrical performance inspection, general technical performance inspection, and metalization inspection.

• Visual inspection

Iyẹwo wiwo jẹ rọrun pẹlu iranlọwọ ti alaṣẹ, vernier caliper, tabi gilasi titobi. The inspection includes:

A. plate thickness, surface roughness, and warpage.

B. Irisi ati awọn iwọn apejọ, pataki awọn iwọn apejọ ti o ni ibamu pẹlu awọn asopọ itanna ati awọn afowodimu itọsọna.

C. Iduroṣinṣin ati mimọ ti awọn ilana iṣiṣẹ ati wiwa afara kukuru, ṣiṣi ṣiṣi, tabi ofo.

D. Didara dada, wiwa awọn iho, fifẹ, tabi awọn pinholes lori wa kakiri tabi paadi. Ipo ti awọn iho paadi ati awọn iho miiran. Awọn iho yẹ ki o ṣayẹwo fun sonu tabi fifin ti ko tọ, iwọn ila opin pade awọn ibeere apẹrẹ, ati nodules ati ofo.

F. Pad quality and firmness, roughness, brightness, and clearance of raised defects.

G. Didara ti a bo. Isun ti a bo jẹ iṣọkan ati iduroṣinṣin, ipo jẹ deede, ṣiṣan jẹ aṣọ, ati awọ naa ba awọn ibeere mu.

H. Didara ohun kikọ, bii boya wọn fẹsẹmulẹ, mimọ, ati mimọ, laisi awọn eegun, awọn ilaluja, tabi fifọ.

• Ayẹwo iṣẹ ṣiṣe itanna gbogbogbo

Awọn idanwo meji wa labẹ iru idanwo yii:

A. Idanwo iṣẹ ṣiṣe asopọ. Ninu idanwo yii, multimeter kan ni igbagbogbo lo lati ṣayẹwo isopọpọ ti awọn apẹẹrẹ adaṣe nipasẹ metiriki ti a fojusi nipasẹ awọn iho ti PCBS apa-meji ati isopọpọ ti PCBS ti ọpọlọpọ-fẹlẹfẹlẹ. Fun idanwo yii, PCBCart n pese awọn sọwedowo gbogbogbo lori PCB ti a ṣelọpọ kọọkan ṣaaju ki o to fi ile itaja rẹ silẹ lati rii daju pe awọn iṣẹ ipilẹ rẹ ti ṣẹ.

B. Idanwo yii jẹ apẹrẹ lati ṣayẹwo idabobo idabobo ti ọkọ ofurufu kanna tabi laarin awọn ọkọ ofurufu oriṣiriṣi lati rii daju iṣẹ idabobo ti PCB.

• Ayẹwo imọ -ẹrọ gbogbogbo

Iyẹwo imọ -ẹrọ gbogbogbo pẹlu weldability ati ayewo adhesion electroplating. Fun iṣaaju, ṣayẹwo ọriniinitutu ti alatutu si ilana adaṣe. Fun igbehin, o le ṣe ayẹwo nipasẹ awọn imọran ti o peye ti o kọkọ lẹ pọ si ilẹ pẹlẹbẹ lati ṣe ayẹwo ati lẹhinna fa jade ni kiakia lẹhin titẹ ni deede. Nigbamii, ọkọ ofurufu yẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi lati rii daju pe peeling waye. Ni afikun, diẹ ninu awọn sọwedowo ni a le yan ni ibamu si ipo gangan, gẹgẹ bi agbara idena isubu ti idẹ ati agbara alatako igbaradi.

• Metallization through inspection

Didara awọn ihò metiriki ṣe ipa pataki ninu PCB ti o ni ilopo-meji ati PCB ti ọpọlọpọ-fẹlẹfẹlẹ. Nọmba nla ti awọn ikuna ti awọn modulu itanna ati paapaa gbogbo ohun elo jẹ nitori didara awọn ihò ti a ṣe iwọn. Nitorinaa, o jẹ dandan lati san ifojusi diẹ sii si ayewo ti awọn ihò ti a ṣe iwọn. Ṣiṣayẹwo ẹrọ iṣelọpọ pẹlu awọn abala wọnyi:

A. Ofurufu irin ti ogiri iho nipasẹ yẹ ki o pe ati dan, laisi ofo tabi nodule.

B. Awọn ohun-ini itanna ni yoo ṣayẹwo ni ibamu si kukuru ati ṣiṣi Circuit ti paadi ati resistance laarin iho-iho ati asiwaju nipasẹ ṣiṣapẹrẹ irin ti ọkọ ofurufu fifẹ. Lẹhin idanwo ayika, oṣuwọn iyipada resistance ti iho nipasẹ ko yẹ ki o kọja 5% si 10%. Agbara darí n tọka si agbara isopọ laarin iho ti a ti ṣe nipasẹ ati paadi. Awọn idanwo onínọmbà Metallographic jẹ iduro fun ṣayẹwo didara ti ilẹ gbigbe, sisanra ati iṣọkan ti ilẹ gbigbe, ati agbara isopọ laarin ilẹ gbigbe ati bankanje idẹ.

Ṣiṣewadii irin jẹ igbagbogbo ni idapo pẹlu ayewo wiwo ati ayewo ẹrọ. Visual inspection is to observe that the PCB is placed under light and that the complete smooth through-hole wall reflects light evenly. Sibẹsibẹ, gbigbe nipasẹ awọn ogiri ti o ni awọn nodules tabi awọn ofo kii yoo ni imọlẹ. Fun iṣelọpọ ibi -aye, ayewo yẹ ki o ṣe nipasẹ ohun elo idanwo ori ayelujara bii idanwo abẹrẹ ti n fo.

Nitori igbekalẹ eka ti PCB olona-pupọ, o nira lati wa awọn aṣiṣe ni kiakia ni kete ti awọn iṣoro ba waye ninu awọn idanwo apejọ module atẹle. Nitorinaa, ṣayẹwo didara rẹ ati igbẹkẹle gbọdọ jẹ ti o muna pupọ. Ni afikun si awọn ohun ayewo baraku ti o wa loke, awọn ohun ayewo miiran pẹlu awọn aye wọnyi: resistance adaorin, iwọn-nipasẹ-iho ti a ṣe iwọn, Circuit kukuru ti inu, ati Circuit ṣiṣi, resistance idabobo laarin awọn okun onirin, agbara isopọ ọkọ ofurufu electroplating, adhesion, resistance mọnamọna igbona, resistance resistance, ipa ẹrọ, agbara lọwọlọwọ, abbl. Atọka kọọkan gbọdọ gba nipasẹ ohun elo ti ohun elo pataki ati awọn ọna.