PCB (boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng) can be divided into rigid PCB and flexible PCB, the former can be divided into three types: single-sided PCB, double-sided PCB, and multi-layer PCB. PCBS e ka aroloa ka limaraka tse tharo tsa boleng ho latela maemo a boleng: Sehlopha sa 1, Sehlopha sa 2, le Sehlopha sa 3, ha tse 3 tsa tsona li na le litlhoko tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Differences in PCB quality levels lead to differences in complexity and testing and inspection methods. Ho fihlela hajoale, akhaonte e thata ea mahlakore a mabeli le e mekato e mengata ea PCBS bakeng sa palo e batlang e le kholo ea lits’ebetso lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki, ‘me ka linako tse ling li-PCBS tse bonolo li sebelisoa maemong a mang. Therefore, this paper will focus on the quality inspection of rigid double-sided and multi-layer PCBs. After the PCB is manufactured, it must be inspected to determine whether the quality is compatible with the design requirements. Ho ka nahanoa hore tlhahlobo ea boleng ke tiiso ea bohlokoa ea boleng ba sehlahisoa le ts’ebetso e boreleli ea lits’ebetso tse latelang.

Tekanyetso tekanyetso

Litekanyetso tsa PCB tsa tlhahlobo li kenyelletsa lintlha tse latelang:

A. Standards set by each country;

B. Litekanyetso tsa sesole naheng ka ‘ngoe;

C. Tekanyetso ea indasteri joalo ka SJ / T10309;

D. PCB inspection instructions formulated by equipment supplier;

E. Technical requirements marked on PCB design drawings.

For PCBS that have been identified as keyboards in equipment, these key characteristic parameters and indicators must be centralized and checked from the head, in addition to regular inspection. To the toes.

Lintho tsa tlhahlobo

Ho sa tsotelehe mofuta oa PCB, ba tlameha ho etsa mekhoa e tšoanang ea tlhahlobo ea boleng le lintho. According to the inspection method, quality inspection items usually include visual inspection, general electrical performance inspection, general technical performance inspection, and metalization inspection.

• Visual inspection

Ho hlahloba ka mahlo ho bonolo ka thuso ea ‘musi, vernier caliper, kapa khalase e hōlisang. The inspection includes:

A. plate thickness, surface roughness, and warpage.

B. Litekanyo tsa ponahalo le kopano, haholo-holo litekanyo tsa kopano tse lumellanang le likhokelo tsa motlakase le litselana tsa tataiso.

C. Botšepehi le ho hlaka ha lipaterone tse tsamaisang lintho le boteng ba ho koala burr e khuts’oane, e bulehileng, kapa e haelloang.

D. Boleng ba bokaholimo, boteng ba likoti, mengoapo, kapa li-pinholes terateng kapa padeng e hatisitsoeng. Sebaka sa masoba a pad le masoba a mang. Mekoti e lokela ho hlahlojoa hore na ho na le litebele tse sieo kapa tse fosahetseng, bophara ba lesoba bo fihlela litlhoko tsa moralo, le maqhutsu le likheo.

F. Pad quality and firmness, roughness, brightness, and clearance of raised defects.

G. Bitiela boleng. Phallo ea ho roala e tšoana hantle ebile e tiile, boemo bo nepahetse, ts’ebetsong ke junifomo, ‘me’ mala o fihlela litlhoko.

H. Boleng ba semelo, joalo ka hore na bo tiile, bo hloekile ebile bo hloekile, ntle le mengoapo, ho kenella, kapa ho robeha.

• Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea ts’ebetso ea motlakase

Ho na le liteko tse peli tlasa mofuta ona oa tlhatlhobo:

A. Teko ea ts’ebetso ea khokahano. Tekong ena, multimeter e tloaetse ho sebelisoa ho lekola khokahanyo ea lipaterone tse tsamaeang ka ho tsepamisa mohopolo ka mekoti ea li-PCBS tse mahlakore a mabeli le khokahano ea li-PCBS tse ngata. Bakeng sa teko ena, PCBCart e fana ka licheke tse akaretsang ho PCB e ngoe le e ngoe e entsoeng pele e tloha ntlong ea eona ea polokelo ho netefatsa hore mesebetsi ea eona ea mantlha ea phethahala.

B. Teko ena e etselitsoe ho lekola ho hanela ho kenella ha sefofane se le seng kapa lipakeng tsa lifofane tse fapaneng ho netefatsa ts’ebetso ea ts’ireletso ea PCB.

• Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea tekheniki

Tlhatlhobo e akaretsang ea tekheniki e kenyelletsa ho ts’oaroa ha motlakase le ho khomarela motlakase. For the former, check the wettability of the solder to the conductive pattern. Bakeng sa ho qetela, e ka hlahlojoa ke malebela a tšoanelehang a hokeletsoeng ka holim’a lona hore a hlahlojoe ebe a tsoa kapele ka mor’a ho hatelloa ka ho lekana. Ka mor’a moo, sefofane se lokela ho bonoa ho netefatsa hore se peeling sea etsahala. Ntle le moo, licheke tse ling li ka khethoa ho latela maemo a nnete, joalo ka matla a koporo a koporo a koporo le matla a anti-tensile a tšepe.

• Metallization through inspection

Boleng ba masoba a nang le tšepe bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho PCB e nang le mahlakore a mabeli le PCB e nang le mekato e mengata. Palo e kholo ea li-module tsa motlakase esita le lisebelisoa kaofela li bakoa ke boleng ba masoba a nang le litšepe. Ka hona, ho hlokahala hore u ele hloko haholoanyane tlhahlobo ea masoba a nang le tšepe. Tlhahlobo ea tšepe e kenyelletsa lintlha tse latelang:

A. Sefofane sa tšepe sa lebota le phunyang se lokela ho ba se phethahetseng le se boreleli, ho se na letho kapa nodule.

B. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase li tla hlahlojoa ho latela potoloho e khuts’oane e bulehileng ea pad le khanyetso lipakeng tsa lesoba le lead ka ho kopanya metallization ea sefofane. Kamora tlhahlobo ea tikoloho, sekhahla sa phetoho ea ho hanyetsa sekoti ha sea lokela ho feta 5% ho 10%. Matla a mochini o bolela matla a tlamahanyang lipakeng tsa lesoba le pad. Liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea Metallographic li ikarabella bakeng sa ho lekola boleng ba bokaholimo, botenya le ho ts’oana ha bokaholimo, le matla a kopanyang lipakeng tsa bokaholimo le polasetiki ea koporo.

Metallization tlhahlobo hangata e kopantsoe le tlhahlobo ea pono le tlhahlobo ea mochini. Visual inspection is to observe that the PCB is placed under light and that the complete smooth through-hole wall reflects light evenly. Leha ho le joalo, ho feta marakong a nang le li-nodule kapa voids ho ke ke ha khanya joalo. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea bongata, tlhahlobo e lokela ho etsoa ke lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea inthanete joalo ka mohlahlobi oa nale ea fofang.

Ka lebaka la sebopeho se rarahaneng sa PCB e mekato e mengata, ho thata ho fumana liphoso kapele hang ha mathata a hlaha litekong tse latelang tsa kopano ea module. Ka hona, ho lekola boleng ba eona le ho ts’epahala ha eona ho tlameha ho ba thata haholo. Ntle le lintho tse tloaelehileng tse hlahang khafetsa tsa tlhahlobo, lintho tse ling tsa tlhahlobo li kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e latelang: khanyetso ea mokhanni, tšepe e kenang ka har’a lesoba, potoloho e khuts’oane ea kahare, le potoloho e bulehileng, ho itšireletsa pakeng tsa likhoele, matla a kopanyang a sefofane, mamarello, ho hanyetsoa hoa mocheso, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, tšusumetso ea mochini, matla a hona joale, jj. Letšoao le leng le le leng le tlameha ho fumanoa ka ts’ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le mekhoa.