Menene matakan plating don PCB?

The electroplating process of jirgin kewaye za a iya rarrabe shi cikin acid mai ƙyalƙyali mai ƙyalƙyali mai ƙyalli, nickel / zinare na lantarki da tin ɗin da aka ƙera.

Layin Layi

1, Rarraba tsarin electroplating:

Acid mai haske jan ƙarfe electroplating nickel / tin electroplating tin

2, Gudun aiki:

Pickling, plating jan ƙarfe a kan dukkan allon, canja wurin tsari, degreasing acid, rinsing na sakandare, micro etching, sakandare, tara, kwanon rufi, rinsing na biyu

Countercurrent rinsing → acid dipping → graphic copper plating → secondary countercurrent rinsing → nickel plating → secondary water washing → citric acid dipping → gold plating → recovery → 2-3-stage pure water washing → drying

3 Description Bayanin tsari:

（1） Cin duri

Matsayi da manufa:

Cire oxide a saman farantin kuma kunna farantin farantin. Gabaɗaya, maida hankali shine 5%, kuma wasu ana kiyaye su kusan 10%, galibi don hana ruwa shigowa da haifar da rashin isasshen abun cikin acid na ruwa a cikin tankin ruwa;

② The acid leaching time should not be too long to prevent oxidation of the plate surface; After use for a period of time, if the acid solution is turbid or the copper content is too high, it shall be replaced in time to prevent contamination of the plated copper cylinder and plate surface;

Za’a yi amfani da sinadarin sulfuric acid na CP anan;

（2, Cikakken farantin jan ƙarfe: wanda kuma aka sani da jan ƙarfe na farko, wutar farantin, aikin plating ① aiki da manufa:

Kare sirrin sinadarin tagulla da aka ajiye, ka hana jan ƙarfe sinadarin da acid ya ƙulla shi bayan ƙaruwa, kuma ƙara shi zuwa wani gwargwado ta hanyar electroplating.

Parameters Tsarin sigogi masu alaƙa da jan ƙarfe a kan farantin farantin: Maganin wanka galibi ya ƙunshi jan ƙarfe sulfate da sulfuric acid. An karɓi dabarar babban acid da ƙaramin jan ƙarfe don tabbatar da daidaiton rarraba farantin farantin da ikon yin rufi mai zurfi don ramuka masu zurfi yayin electroplating; Yawan sinadarin sulfuric acid galibi 180 g / L, kuma mafi yawansu sun kai 240 g / L; Abubuwan da ke cikin jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya kusan 75 g / L. bugu da ƙari, ƙaramin adadin chloride ion ana ƙarawa a cikin tankin ruwa azaman wakili mai ba da taimako da wakili mai ƙyalli na jan ƙarfe don yin tasirin sheki tare; Adadin adadin ko silinda adadin adadin gogewar jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya shine 3-5ml / L. ƙari na goge jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana haɓaka gwargwadon hanyar kiloampere awa ko gwargwadon ainihin tasirin samarwa; Ana lissafin halin yanzu na duk farantin electroplating ta hanyar ninka 2 A / murabba’in murabba’i ta wurin zaɓin lantarki akan farantin. Ga farantin duka, shine farantin tsawon DM width Faɗin farantin DM × biyu × 2A/ DM2 ； Ana kiyaye zafin zafin silinar tagulla a ɗakin zafin jiki, gaba ɗaya bai wuce digiri 32 ba, galibi ana sarrafa shi a digiri 22. Sabili da haka, saboda yawan zafin jiki a lokacin bazara, ana ba da shawarar shigar da tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki mai sanyaya don silinda na jan ƙarfe;

Maintenance Tsarin aiki:

Cika goge jan ƙarfe cikin lokaci gwargwadon awanni kiloampere kowace rana, kuma ƙara shi gwargwadon 100-150ml / Kah; Duba ko famfon tace yana aiki yadda yakamata kuma ko akwai ɓarkewar iska; Tsaftace sandan cathode tare da rigar rigar mai tsabta kowane sa’o’i 2-3; Za a bincika abubuwan da ke cikin jan ƙarfe sulfate (sau ɗaya a mako), acid sulfuric (sau ɗaya a mako) da ion chloride (sau biyu a mako) a cikin silinar tagulla a kowane mako, za a daidaita abubuwan da ke haskakawa ta hanyar gwajin sel ɗin Hall, da kayan da suka dace za a ƙara su cikin lokaci; Tsaftace sandar madaidaicin anode da masu haɗin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen tanki a kowane mako, sake cika kwalban tagulla na anode a cikin kwandon titanium a cikin lokaci, da yin amfani da wutar lantarki tare da ƙarancin 0.2-0.5 ASD na awanni 6-8; Bincika ko jakar kwandon titanium na anode tana lalacewa kowane wata, kuma maye gurbin ta cikin lokaci; Bincika ko tarin anode ya tara a kasan kwandon titin titin, kuma tsaftace shi cikin lokaci idan akwai; An yi amfani da murfin Carbon don ci gaba da tacewa na awanni 6-8, kuma an cire ƙazanta ta hanyar ƙarancin wutar lantarki a lokaci guda; Kowace rabin shekara ko makamancin haka, ƙayyade ko ana buƙatar babban magani (kunna carbon foda) gwargwadon gurɓataccen ruwa na tanki; Sauya matattarar matattarar matattarar matattara kowane sati biyu;

Procedure Manyan hanyoyin jiyya: A. fitar da anode, zubar da anode, tsaftace fim ɗin anode akan saman anode, sannan sanya shi a cikin ganga kunsa kunshin tagulla. Roughen saman kusurwar tagulla zuwa launin ruwan hoda tare da micro etchant. Bayan wanka da bushewa, sanya shi a cikin kwandon titanium kuma sanya shi cikin tankin acid don jiran aiki. B. jiƙa kwandon titanium na anode da jakar anode a cikin maganin alkaline 10% na awanni 6-8, wanke da bushe da ruwa, sannan a jiƙa a cikin 5% tsarma sulfuric acid, Wanke da bushe da ruwa don jiran aiki; C. Canja wurin ruwan tankin zuwa tankin jiran aiki, ƙara 1-3ml / L 30% hydrogen peroxide, fara dumama, kunna iska yana motsawa lokacin da zafin jiki ya kusan 65 ℃, kuma motsa tare da iskar da aka rufe don awanni 2-4; D. Kashe iska tana motsawa, sannu a hankali narkar da foda carbon da aka kunna a cikin maganin tanki a cikin adadin 3-5g / L, kunna iskar da ke motsawa bayan rushewar ta ƙare, kuma ci gaba da ɗumi na awanni 2-4; E. Kashe iska yana motsawa, zafi sama kuma bari kunna carbon foda ya zauna zuwa kasan tanki sannu a hankali; F. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauko zuwa kusan 40 ℃, yi amfani da 10um PP matattarar tacewa da taimakon foda don tace ruwan tankin a cikin tankin da aka tsaftace, kunna motsawar iska, sanya anode, rataye shi a cikin faranti na electrolytic, da electrolyze a low current bisa ga 0.2-0.5asd yawa na yanzu don awanni 6-8. G. daidaita abun ciki na sulfuric acid, sulfate jan ƙarfe da ion chloride a cikin tanki zuwa kewayon aiki na al’ada bayan binciken dakin gwaje -gwaje; Cika mai haskakawa bisa ga sakamakon gwajin ɗakin Hall; H. An samar da wani fim na baƙar fata phosphorus tare da adhesion mai ɗimbin yawa akan anode; 1. Gwajin gwaji Ok;

⑤ The anode copper ball contains 0.3-0.6% phosphorus. The main purpose is to reduce the anode dissolution efficiency and reduce the production of copper powder;

⑥ When replenishing drugs, if the amount is large, such as copper sulfate and sulfuric acid; Low current electrolysis shall be conducted after addition; Pay attention to safety when adding sulfuric acid. When the amount of sulfuric acid is large (more than 10 liters), add it slowly several times; Otherwise, the temperature of the bath liquid will be too high, the photocatalyst decomposition will be accelerated, and the bath liquid will be polluted;

Za a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ƙarin sinadarin chloride, saboda abun da ke cikin sinadarin chloride ya yi ƙasa kaɗan (30-90ppm), dole ne a auna shi daidai da silinda na aunawa ko kofin aunawa kafin a ƙara; 1ml hydrochloric acid ya ƙunshi kusan 385ppm chloride ion,

Formula Ƙididdigar lissafin ƙwayoyi:

Copper sulfate (kg) = (75-x) volume Ƙarar tanki (L) / 1000

Sulfuric acid (in liters) = (10% – x) g / L × Tank volume (L)

Or (in liters) = (180-x) g / L × Tank volume (L) / 1840

Hydrochloric acid (ML) = (60-x) ppm × Tank volume (L) / 385

（3） Acid degreasing

Manufar da aiki: cire oxide akan saman jan ƙarfe na layin, fim ɗin tawada da sauran manne, kuma tabbatar da mannewa tsakanin jan ƙarfe na farko da ƙirar electroplating jan ƙarfe ko nickel

② Remember to use acid degreaser here. Why not use alkaline degreaser, and the degreasing effect of alkaline degreaser is better than that of acid degreaser? Mainly because the graphic ink is not alkali resistant and will damage the graphic circuit, only acidic degreaser can be used before graphic electroplating.

③ Lokacin samarwa, kawai ya zama dole don sarrafa taro da lokacin degreaser. Haɗin degreaser kusan 10% kuma an ba da tabbacin lokacin zai zama mintuna 6. Littlean lokaci mai tsawo ba zai yi tasiri ba; Amfani da maye gurbin ruwan tanki shima ya dogara ne akan 15 m2 / L ruwa mai aiki, kuma ƙarin ƙari ya dogara ne akan 100 m2 0. 5—0。 8L ；

（4） Micro etching:

Layin Tsara

① Manufa da aiki: tsaftacewa da girgiza saman jan ƙarfe na kewaye don tabbatar da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙirar electroplating jan ƙarfe da jan ƙarfe na farko.

Mostly Sodium persulfate galibi ana amfani da shi azaman micro etchant, tare da daidaitaccen daidaituwa da daidaiton daidaituwa da ingantaccen ruwa. Yawan sarrafa sodium persulfate ana sarrafa shi kusan 60 g / L kuma ana sarrafa lokacin a kusan daƙiƙa 20. Ƙarin magunguna shine kilo 3-4 a kowace murabba’in mita 100; Za a sarrafa abun cikin jan ƙarfe a ƙasa da 20 g / L; Sauran gyare -gyare da maye gurbin silinda iri ɗaya ne da haɓakar jan ƙarfe.

（5） Cin duri

Matsayi da manufa:

Cire oxide a saman farantin kuma kunna farantin farantin. Gabaɗaya, maida hankali shine 5%, kuma wasu ana kiyaye su kusan 10%, galibi don hana ruwa shigowa da haifar da rashin isasshen abun cikin acid na ruwa a cikin tankin ruwa;

② The acid leaching time should not be too long to prevent oxidation of the plate surface; After use for a period of time, if the acid solution is turbid or the copper content is too high, it shall be replaced in time to prevent contamination of the plated copper cylinder and plate surface;

Za’a yi amfani da sinadarin sulfuric acid na CP anan;

（6） Zane na jan ƙarfe: wanda aka fi sani da jan ƙarfe na biyu, plating jan ƙarfe na kewaye

① Manufar da aiki: don saduwa da ƙimar da aka ƙaddara na kowane layi, kowane layi da ramin jan ƙarfe yana buƙatar isa wani kauri. Don manufar faɗin jan ƙarfe na layi, ramin jan ƙarfe da jan ƙarfe na layin za a yi kauri zuwa wani kauri a cikin lokaci;

② Wasu abubuwa iri ɗaya ne da cikakken electroplating farantin

（7） Electroplated tin ① purpose and function: the purpose of graphic electroplated pure tin mainly uses pure tin as a metal resist layer to protect circuit etching;

Liquid Ruwan wanka yawanci ya ƙunshi stannous sulfate, sulfuric acid da ƙari; Ana sarrafa abun cikin sulfate Stannous a kusan 35 g / L kuma ana sarrafa acid sulfuric kusan 10%; Bugu da kari na tin plating additives gabaɗaya yana haɓaka gwargwadon hanyar kiloampere hour ko gwargwadon ainihin tasirin samarwa; A halin yanzu ana lissafin tin ɗin electroplated a matsayin 1. 5 A / murabba’in murabba’in murabba’ai ta wurin zaɓin lantarki akan farantin; Ana kiyaye zafin jiki na silinda tin a ɗaki. Gabaɗaya, zazzabi ba ya wuce digiri 30 kuma galibi ana sarrafa shi a digiri 22. Sabili da haka, saboda tsananin zafi a lokacin bazara, ana ba da shawarar shigar da tsarin sanyaya da tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki don silinda na tin;

Maintenance Tsarin aiki:

A lokaci -lokaci yana ƙara ƙari na faranti na filaye gwargwadon awanni kiloampere kowace rana; Duba ko famfon tace yana aiki yadda yakamata kuma ko akwai ɓarkewar iska; Tsaftace sandan cathode tare da rigar rigar tsabtace kowane sa’o’i 2-3; Yi nazarin sulfate mai ƙarfi (sau ɗaya a mako) da sulfuric acid (sau ɗaya a mako) a cikin silinda na yau da kullun a kowane mako, daidaita abun ciki na ƙari na faranti ta gwajin sel ɗin Hall, da haɓaka kayan da suka dace cikin lokaci; Tsaftace sandar adawar anode da masu haɗin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen tanki kowane mako; Electrolysis tare da ƙarancin 0.2-0.5 ASD na awanni 6-8 kowane mako; Za a duba jakar anode kowane wata don lalacewar, kuma wanda ya lalace za a maye gurbinsa cikin lokaci; Bincika ko akwai tabo na anode da aka tara a kasan jakar anode, kuma tsabtace shi cikin lokaci idan akwai; Tace tare da iskar carbon na awanni 6-8 kowane wata, kuma cire ƙazanta ta hanyar ƙarancin wutar lantarki na yanzu; Kowace rabin shekara ko makamancin haka, ƙayyade ko ana buƙatar babban magani (kunna carbon foda) gwargwadon gurɓataccen ruwa na tanki; Sauya matattarar matattarar matattarar matattara kowane sati biyu;

Procedure Manyan hanyoyin jiyya: A. fitar da anode, cire jakar anode, tsaftace fuskar anode tare da goga na jan ƙarfe, wanke da bushe shi da ruwa, sanya shi cikin jakar anode kuma sanya shi cikin tankin acid don jiran aiki. B. jiƙa jakar anode a cikin maganin alkaline 10% na awanni 6-8, wanke da bushe shi da ruwa, jiƙa shi cikin 5% dilut sulfuric acid, kuma wanke da bushe shi da ruwa don jiran aiki; C. Canja wurin maganin tantanin halitta zuwa sel na jiran aiki kuma sannu a hankali ya narkar da foda carbon da aka kunna a cikin maganin tantanin halitta a cikin adadin 3-5g / L. bayan an narkar da maganin gaba ɗaya, tallata shi na awanni 4-6, tace maganin tantanin halitta tare da 10um PP matattarar kayan aiki da tace taimakon foda zuwa tantanin aiki mai tsafta, sanya shi a cikin anode, rataya shi a cikin faranti na lantarki, da sanya wutar lantarki a ƙarancin ƙarancin 0.2-0.5asd yawa na yanzu don awanni 6-8. D. daidaita sulfuric acid a cikin tantanin halitta bayan nazarin sunadarai, abun cikin sulfate na Stannous a cikin kewayon aiki na al’ada; Add add plating additives bisa ga sakamakon gwajin dakin Hall; E. Dakatar da electrolysis bayan launi na farantin farantin electrolytic yayi daidai; F. Gwajin gwaji Ok;

④ Lokacin cika magunguna, idan adadin ƙari yana da yawa, kamar stannous sulfate da sulfuric acid; Za a gudanar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki na yanzu bayan ƙari; Kula da aminci lokacin ƙara sulfuric acid. Lokacin da adadin sulfuric acid yayi yawa (fiye da lita 10), ƙara shi a hankali sau da yawa; In ba haka ba, zafin wanka zai yi yawa, za a yi oxide oxide, da tsufa na ruwa.

Formula Ƙididdigar lissafin ƙwayoyi:

Stannous sulfate (naúra: kg) = (40-x) volume Ƙarar tanki (L) / 1000

Sulfuric acid (in liters) = (10% – x) g / L × Tank volume (L)

Or (in liters) = (180-x) g / L × Tank volume (L) / 1840

（9） Nickel plating

① Manufa da aiki: ana amfani da Layer nickel plating Layer azaman shamaki tsakanin Layer jan ƙarfe da zinaren zinare don hana yaɗuwar gwal da jan ƙarfe kuma yana shafar walda da rayuwar sabis na hukumar; A lokaci guda kuma, goyan bayan nickel Layer shima yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfin ƙarfin injin na zinare;

Parameters Sigogin aiwatarwa masu alaƙa da faɗuwar jan ƙarfe a kan farantin farantin: ƙari na abubuwan kara kuzari na nickel gabaɗaya ana haɓaka su gwargwadon hanyar kiloampere hour, ko adadin ƙari shine kusan 200ml / Kah gwargwadon tasirin samar da farantin; Ana lissafin halin yanzu na ƙirar nickel plating electroless ta hanyar ninka 2 A / murabba’in murabba’ai ta wurin zaɓin lantarki akan farantin; Ana kiyaye zafin jiki na silinda na nickel a digiri 40-55, kuma yawan zafin jiki kusan digiri 50 ne. Sabili da haka, yakamata a sanye da silinda na nickel tare da tsarin dumama da zazzabi;

Maintenance Tsarin aiki:

Lokaci -lokaci yana ƙara ƙari na nickel plating additives gwargwadon awanni kiloampere kowace rana; Duba ko famfon tace yana aiki yadda yakamata kuma ko akwai ɓarkewar iska; Tsaftace sandan cathode tare da rigar rigar tsabtace kowane sa’o’i 2-3; Yi nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin nickel sulfate (nickel sulfamate) (sau ɗaya a mako), nickel chloride (sau ɗaya a mako) da boric acid (sau ɗaya a mako) a cikin silinda na jan ƙarfe akai -akai kowane mako, daidaita abun ciki na abubuwan karawa na nickel plating ta hanyar gwajin sel na Hall. , da kuma ƙara albarkatun ƙasa masu dacewa cikin lokaci; Tsaftace sandar madaidaicin anode da masu haɗin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen tanki kowane mako, ƙara kusurwar nickel anode a cikin kwandon titanium a cikin lokaci, da yin amfani da wutar lantarki tare da ƙarancin 0.2-0.5 ASD na awanni 6-8; Bincika ko jakar kwandon titanium na anode tana lalacewa kowane wata, kuma maye gurbin ta cikin lokaci; Bincika ko tarin anode ya tara a kasan kwandon titin titin, kuma tsaftace shi cikin lokaci idan akwai; An yi amfani da murfin Carbon don ci gaba da tacewa na awanni 6-8, kuma an cire ƙazanta ta hanyar ƙarancin wutar lantarki a lokaci guda; Kowace rabin shekara ko makamancin haka, ƙayyade ko ana buƙatar babban sikelin (kunna carbon foda) gwargwadon gurɓataccen ruwa na tanki; Sauya matattarar matattarar matattarar matattara kowane sati biyu;

Manyan hanyoyin jiyya: A. fitar da anode, zubar da anode, tsaftace anode, sannan sanya shi a cikin ganga cike da kusurwar nickel, girgiza saman kusurwar nickel tare da micro etchant zuwa hoda mai ruwan hoda. Bayan wanka da bushewa, sanya shi a cikin kwandon titanium kuma sanya shi cikin tankin acid don jiran aiki. B. jiƙa kwandon titanium na anode da jakar anode a cikin maganin alkaline 10% na awanni 6-8, wanke da bushe da ruwa, sannan a jiƙa a cikin 5% tsarma sulfuric acid, Wanke da bushe da ruwa don jiran aiki; C. Canja wurin ruwan tankin zuwa tankin jiran aiki, ƙara 1-3ml / L 30% hydrogen peroxide, fara dumama, kunna iska yana motsawa lokacin da zafin jiki ya kusan 65 ℃, kuma motsa tare da iskar da aka rufe don awanni 2-4; D. Kashe iska tana motsawa, sannu a hankali narkar da foda carbon da aka kunna a cikin maganin tanki a cikin adadin 3-5g / L, kunna iskar da ke motsawa bayan rushewar ta ƙare, kuma a ɗora shi da zafi na awanni 2-4; E. Kashe iska yana motsawa, zafi sama kuma bari kunna carbon foda ya daidaita zuwa kasan tanki sannu a hankali; F. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauko zuwa kusan 40 ℃, yi amfani da 10um PP matattarar tacewa da taimakon foda don tace ruwan tankin a cikin tankin da aka tsaftace, kunna motsawar iska, saka a cikin anode, rataya shi a cikin faranti na lantarki, kuma latsa 0. 2-0。 5asd yawa na yanzu low electrolysis na yanzu don awanni 6-8, G. bayan nazarin sinadarai, daidaita abun ciki na nickel sulfate ko nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride da boric acid a cikin tanki zuwa matakin aiki na yau da kullun; Ƙara ƙari na nickel plating ƙari bisa ga sakamakon gwajin ɗakin Hall; H. 1. Gwajin gwaji Ok;

⑤ Lokacin ƙara magunguna, idan adadin ƙari yana da yawa, kamar nickel sulfate ko nickel sulfamate da nickel chloride, za a haɗa shi da wutar lantarki tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi bayan ƙari; Lokacin ƙara acid boric, sanya ƙarin boric acid a cikin jakar anode mai tsabta kuma rataye shi a cikin silinda na nickel. Ba za a iya ƙara shi kai tsaye a cikin tanki ba;

⑥ Bayan faɗin nickel, ana ba da shawarar ƙara wankin ruwa na dawo da buɗe silinda tare da ruwa mai tsabta, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don ƙara matakin ɓarkewar ruwa ta hanyar dumama a cikin silinda na nickel. Bayan wankin ruwan wankewa, an haɗa shi da rinsing na yau da kullun;

Formula Ƙididdigar lissafin ƙwayoyi:

Nickel sulfate (kg) = (280-x) volume Ƙarar tanki (L) / 1000

Nickel chloride (kg) = (45-x) volume Ƙarar tanki (L) / 1000

Boric acid (kg) = (45-x) volume Ƙarar tanki (L) / 1000

（10） Zaɓin zinare: an raba shi zuwa electroplating hard gold (gold alloy) da gold gold (pure gold). Abun da aka saka na zinare mai taurin kai daidai yake da wanka na zinariya mai taushi, amma akwai wasu karafa kamar su nickel, cobalt ko baƙin ƙarfe a cikin wanka mai ruwan zinare;

Manufar da aiki: azaman ƙarfe mai daraja, zinare yana da waldi mai kyau, juriya na oxyidation, juriya na lalata, ƙarancin juriya na lamba da juriya