Waa maxay hababka dahaadhka ee PCB?

Geedi socodka korontada ee guddiga wareega si qumman ayaa loogu kala saari karaa aashitada naxaasta ah ee naxaas dhalaalaya, nikkel / dahab koronto ku jira iyo daasadda korontada ku jirta.

Khadka dahaadhka

1, Qoondaynta habka korontada:

Acid dhalaalaya naxaas electroplating nikkel / daasad electroplating dahab ah

2, Socodka geedi socodka:

Soo -qaadista, dahaarka naxaas ee guddiga oo dhan, wareejinta qaabka

Biyo-dhaqashada ka-hortagga di qooshid acid pla dahaadhka naxaasiga ah r biyo raacin labaad → nikkel dahaad washing maydhista biyaha labaad → pping ric ric ric ric ric ric ric pla pla pla pla dahabka dahabka → Soo kabashada → 2-3-marxalad biyo nadiif ah → qallajin

3, Sharaxaada Geedi socodka:

（1） Cunista

Doorka iyo ujeeddada:

Ka saar oksaydhka dusha saxanka oo dhaqso dusha saxanka. Guud ahaan, diiraddu waa 5%, qaarna waxaa lagu hayaa ilaa 10%, inta badan si looga hortago in biyuhu keenaan oo ay keenaan maaddada salbuurik -ka aan degganayn ee dareeraha haanta;

Time Wakhtiga daadinta aashitadu waa inaanay aad u dheerayn si looga hortago oksaydhka dusha saxanka; Ka dib isticmaalka muddo ah, haddii xalka aashitadu uu qasan yahay ama maaddada naxaasku aad u sarreyso, waa in la beddelaa waqtiga si looga hortago faddaraynta dhululuubka naxaasta ah ee dahaarka leh iyo dusha saxanka;

Grade Darajada CP sulfuric acid ayaa halkan lagu isticmaali doonaa;

（2, saxan buuxa oo ah dahaadhka naxaasta: oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan naxaas asaasiga ah, korontada saxanka, dahaarka panel shaqada iyo ujeeddada:

Ka ilaali naxaas kiimikada khafiifka ah ee hadda la keydiyay, ka ilaali naxaas kiimikada ah in lagu qooyo aashitada ka dib oksaydhka, oo ku dar ilaa xad xad -dhaaf ah

Parameters Xaddidyada geeddi -socodka ee la xiriira dahaadhka naxaasta ee saxanka oo dhan: xalka qubaysku wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay sulfate copper iyo sulfuric acid. Qaaciddada aashitada sare iyo naxaasta hooseysa ayaa la qaatay si loo hubiyo isku mid ahaanshaha qaybinta dhumucda saxanka iyo kartida dahaarka qoto dheer ee godadka qoto dheer inta lagu guda jiro korontada; Aashitada sulfuric acid waxay u badan tahay 180 g / L, badankooduna waxay gaaraan 240 g / L; Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban tahay sulfate copper waa guud ahaan qiyaastii 75 g / L. marka lagu daro, qadar yar oo ion koloriin ah ayaa lagu daraa dareeraha haanta sida wakiilka dhalaalka kalkaaliyaha ah iyo wakiilka dhalaalka naxaasta si ay wada ciyaaraan saamaynta dhalaalka; Qadarka dheeraadka ah ama xaddiga furitaanka dhululubo ee naxaasta naxaasku guud ahaan waa 3-5ml / L. ku darida naxaasta naxaasta guud ahaan waa la kaabayaa iyadoo la raacayo habka saacadda kiloampere ama sida waafaqsan saamaynta wax-soo-saarka dhabta ah; Waqtiga xaadirka ah ee dhammaan korantada korantada waxaa guud ahaan lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo lagu dhufanayo 2 A / decimeter square aagga korantada ee saxanka. Saxanka oo dhan, waa dhererka saxanka DM width Ballaca saxanka DM × laba × 2A/ DM2 ； Heerkulka dhululuubka naxaas waxaa lagu hayaa heerkulka qolka, guud ahaan aan ka badnayn 32 darajo, inta badan lagu xakameeyo 22 darajo. Sidaa darteed, heerkulka sare ee xagaaga awgeed, waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu rakibo nidaamka xakamaynta heerkulka qaboojiyaha ee dhululuubka naxaasta;

Maintenance Habka dayactirka:

Ku buuxi naxaasta naxaasta saacadaha kiloampere maalin kasta, kuna dar 100-150ml / Kah; Hubi in bamka sifeeyaha uu si caadi ah u shaqeeyo iyo haddii ay jirto dillaac hawo; Ku nadiifi usha tabiyaha cathode maro qoyan oo nadiif ah 2-3 saacadood kasta; Waxyaabaha ku jira sulfate copper (toddobaadkiiba mar), sulfuric acid (toddobaadkiiba mar) iyo ion chloride (laba jeer toddobaadkii) oo ku jira dhululuubka naxaasta ayaa si joogto ah loo falanqayn doonaa toddobaad kasta, waxyaabaha dhalaalaya ayaa lagu hagaajin doonaa baaritaanka qolka Hoolka, iyo alaabta ceeriin ee khuseeya waa in lagu kabo waqtiga; Nadiifi usha tabinta anode iyo isku xirayaasha korontada ee labada dhinac ee taangiga toddobaad kasta, ku buuxi kubbadda naxaasta anode ee dambiisha titanium waqtiga, kuna dheji korantada 0.2-0.5 ASD hadda hooseysa 6-8 saacadood; Hubi haddii bacda dambiisha titanium ee anode ay waxyeello gaartay bil kasta, oo ku beddel waqtigeeda; Hubi haddii dhoobada anode lagu ururiyey salka dambiisha titanium anode, oo nadiifi waqtiga haddii ay jirto; Xuddunta Kaarboon waxaa loo isticmaalay sifeyn joogto ah 6-8 saacadood, waxaana wasakhda laga saaray elektrolysis hadda hooseeya; Sannad-badhkii ama wax la mid ah, go’aamiya in daaweyn baaxad leh (budada kaarboon firfircoon) loo baahan yahay marka loo eego wasakhda dareeraha haanta; Beddel walxaha shaandhada ee bamka shaandhada labadii toddobaadba mar;

Procedure Habka daaweynta ugu weyn: A. soo saar anode, ku shub anode, nadiifi filinka anode dusha anode, ka dibna ku rid foostada baakada naxaasta naxaasta ah. Roughen dusha geeska naxaasta si casaan labisan leh micro etchant. Ka dib markaad maydho oo qallajiso, ku rid dambiisha titanium oo ku rid haanta aashitada ee heeganka. B. ku qoy dambiisha titanium anode iyo bacda anode 10% xal alkaline ah 6-8 saacadood, ku dhaq oo ku qallaji biyo, ka dibna ku qoo 5% dareere sulfuric acid, Ku dhaq oo ku qalaji biyo si aad u heegan; C. Ku wareeji dareeraha haanta taangiga heeganka, ku dar 1-3ml / L 30% hydrogen peroxide, bilow kuleylinta, shid hawo kicinaysa marka heerkulku qiyaastii yahay 65 ℃, kuna walaaq hawo dahaaran 2-4 saacadood; D. Dami hawo-kicinta, si tartiib ah ugu milmi budada kaarboonka firfircoon ee xalka taangiga qiyaas ahaan 3-5g / L, shid hawo-kicinta ka dib marka kala-diriddu dhammaato, oo sii diiran 2-4 saacadood; E. Dami hawo kicinaysa, kululayso oo u oggolow in budada kaarboonka firfircoon si tartiib ah u dejiso haanta; F. Marka heerkulku hoos u dhaco ilaa 40 ℃, isticmaal 10um PP element filter iyo budada gargaarka shaandhaynta si aad ugu shaandhayso dareeraha haanta haanta shaqada ee la nadiifiyey, shid kicin hadda hooseysa marka loo eego 0.2-0.5asd cufnaanta hadda jirta 6-8 saacadood. G. u hagaaji waxa ku jira aashitada sulfuric, sulfate copper iyo ion chloride ee ku jirta haanta ilaa heerka hawlgalka caadiga ah ka dib markii shaybaadhka la baadhay; Dib u buuxi iftiinka si waafaqsan natiijooyinka baaritaanka qolka Hoolka; H. Kadib marka midabka saxanku noqdo mid isku mid ah, elektrolysiska waa la joojin karaa, ka dibna filimka elektrolytka waxaa lagu daaweeyaa 1-2 saacadood iyadoo loo eegayo cufnaanta hadda ee 1-1.5asd. Lakabka filimka fosfooraska madow oo leh dhejis cufan oo isku mid ah ayaa laga sameeyay anode; 1. Tijaabinta dahaarka OK;

Ball Kubbadda naxaasta anode waxaa ku jira 0.3-0.6% fosfooraska. Ujeedada ugu weyn ayaa ah in la yareeyo hufnaanta kala -diridda anode iyo in la yareeyo soo -saarka budada naxaasta ah;

⑥ Marka la buuxinayo daawooyinka, haddii qaddarku badan yahay, sida sulfate copper iyo sulfuric acid; Elektrolysis -ka hadda hooseeya waa in la sameeyaa ka dib marka lagu daro; U fiirso ammaanka markaad ku darayso sulfuric acid. Marka xaddiga sulfuric acid uu badan yahay (in ka badan 10 litir), si tartiib ah dhowr jeer ugu dar; Haddii kale, heerkulka dareeraha qubeyska aad buu u sarreeyaa, burburka sawirqaadaha ayaa la dardargelin doonaa, oo dareeraha qubeyska ayaa nijaasoobaya;

Attention Ahmiyad gaar ah ayaa la siin doonaa kaabinta kaalshiyamka koloriinta, sababta oo ah waxa ku jira ion-ka chloride-ga ayaa si gaar ah u hooseeya (30-90ppm), waa in si sax ah loogu miisaamaa dhululubo lagu cabiro ama koob lagu cabiro intaan lagu darin; 1ml hydrochloric acid waxaa ku jira 385ppm ion chloride,

Formula Qaaciddada xisaabinta isugeynta daroogada:

Copper sulfate (kg) = (75-x) volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1000

Sulfuric acid (ku jirta litir) = (10% – x) g / L volume Mugga haanta (L)

Ama (ku jira litir) = (180-x) g / L volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1840

Hydrochloric acid (ML) = (60-x) ppm volume Mugga haanta (L) / 385

（3） Acid hoos u dhiga

① Ujeeddo iyo shaqeyn: ka saar oksaydhka dusha naxaasta ee xarriiqda, filimka haraaga ee khad iyo xabagta haray, oo hubso in la isku dhejiyo naxaasta asaasiga ah iyo qaabka naxaasta electroplating copper ama nickel

② Xusuusnow inaad halkan ku isticmaasho walxaha aashitada. Waa maxay sababta aan loo isticmaalin degreaser -ka alkaline -ka, iyo saamaynta degreaser -ka ee degreaser -ka alkaline -ka ayaa ka fiican kan aashitada degreaser -ka? Sababtoo ah khad -garaafku ma aha mid u adkaysta alkaliinka oo wuxuu dhaawici doonaa wareegga garaafka, kaliya aashitada degreaser ayaa la isticmaali karaa ka hor inta aan la sawirin electroplating.

③ Inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah oo kaliya in la xakameeyo feejignaanta iyo waqtiga degreaser. Feejignaanta degreaser -ku wuxuu qiyaastii yahay 10% waqtigana waxaa loo dammaanad qaaday inuu noqdo 6 daqiiqo. Waqti yar oo dheer ma yeelan doono waxyeello; Isticmaalka iyo beddelka dareeraha haanta ayaa sidoo kale ku saleysan 15 m2 / L dareere shaqeynaya, iyo ku daridda dheeraadka ah waxay ku saleysan tahay 100 m2 0. 5—0。 8L ；

（4） Micro etching:

Khadka Gaadhsiinta

① Ujeeddo iyo hawl: nadiif oo rux dusha naxaas ee wareegga si loo hubiyo xoogga isku -xidhka ee u dhexeeya hannaanka electroplating copper iyo copper -ka koowaad

Pers Sodium persulfate waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa sidii macmiil -yar, oo leh xasilooni isku -dhafan oo isku mid ah iyo biyo -dhaqasho fiican. Feejignaanta sodium persulfate waxaa guud ahaan lagu xakameeyaa qiyaastii 60 g / L waqtigana waxaa lagu xakameeyaa qiyaastii 20 sekan. Ku darista daawooyinka waa 3-4 kg halkii 100 mitir oo laba jibbaaran; Macdanta naxaasta waa in laga xakameeyaa wax ka hooseeya 20 g / L; Dayactirka kale iyo beddelka dhululubo waxay la mid yihiin sida daxaxa daxalka micro.

（5） Cunista

Doorka iyo ujeeddada:

Ka saar oksaydhka dusha saxanka oo dhaqso dusha saxanka. Guud ahaan, diiraddu waa 5%, qaarna waxaa lagu hayaa ilaa 10%, inta badan si looga hortago in biyuhu keenaan oo ay keenaan maaddada salbuurik -ka aan degganayn ee dareeraha haanta;

Time Wakhtiga daadinta aashitadu waa inaanay aad u dheerayn si looga hortago oksaydhka dusha saxanka; Ka dib isticmaalka muddo ah, haddii xalka aashitadu uu qasan yahay ama maaddada naxaasku aad u sarreyso, waa in la beddelaa waqtiga si looga hortago faddaraynta dhululuubka naxaasta ah ee dahaarka leh iyo dusha saxanka;

Grade Darajada CP sulfuric acid ayaa halkan lagu isticmaali doonaa;

（6 pla Naqshad naxaas ah oo sawir leh: sidoo kale loo yaqaan naxaas labaad, dahaadhka naxaasta wareegga

① Ujeeddo iyo hawl: si loo daboolo culayska hadda la qiimeeyay ee xariijin kasta, xarriiq kasta iyo naxaas dalool waxay u baahan yihiin inay gaaraan dhumuc gaar ah. Ujeeddada dahaarka naxaasta ah ee dahabka ah, dahabka dahaarka ah iyo naxaasta xariiqa waa in la dhumiyaa dhumuc go’an waqtiga;

Items Alaabada kale waxay la mid yihiin saxanka buuxa ee korontada

（7 tin Ujeedada iyo shaqada daasadda korontada leh

Dareeraha qubeyska wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay sulfate adag, sulfuric acid iyo waxyaabo lagu daro; Waxyaabaha ku jira sulfate Stannous waxaa lagu xakameeyaa qiyaastii 35 g / L iyo sulfuric acid waxaa lagu xakameeyaa qiyaastii 10%; Ku -daridda waxyaabaha lagu dahaadhay dahaarka waxaa guud ahaan lagu kaabayaa habka saacadda kiloampere ama sida waafaqsan saamaynta wax -soo -saarka dhabta ah; Hadda daasadda korontada ku jirta waxaa guud ahaan loo xisaabiyaa sida 1. 5 A / desimeter laba jibbaaran oo lagu dhufto aagga korantada ee saxanka; Heerkulka dhululuubka daasadda waxaa lagu hayaa heerkulka qolka. Guud ahaan, heerkulku kama badna 30 darajo waxaana inta badan lagu xakameeyaa 22 darajo. Sidaa darteed, heerkulka sare ee xagaaga awgeed, waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu rakibo nidaamka qaboojinta iyo xakamaynta heerkulka ee dhululuubka daasadda;

Maintenance Habka dayactirka:

Ku darso waxyaabaha dahaarka ah ee dahaarka leh ee ku habboon saacadaha kiloampere maalin kasta; Hubi in bamka sifeeyaha uu si caadi ah u shaqeeyo iyo haddii ay jirto dillaac hawo; Ku nadiifi usha tabiyaha cathode maro maryo qoyan oo nadiif ah 2-3 saacadood kasta; Si joogto ah u falanqee sulfate stannous (toddobaadkiiba mar) iyo sulfuric acid (asbuuciiba hal) sibidhka si joogto ah usbuuc kasta, u hagaaji waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin dahaarka dahaarka leh iyada oo loo marayo baaritaanka unugga Hall, oo ku kaydi alaabta ceeriin ee khuseeya wakhtiga; Nadiifi usha tabinta anode iyo isku xirayaasha korontada ee labada dhinac ee haanta toddobaad kasta; Elektrolysis oo leh 0.2-0.5 ASD oo hadda hooseeya 6-8 saacadood toddobaad kasta; Boorsada anode -ga waa in la hubiyaa bil walba in ay waxyeello soo gaartay, kan dhaawacmayna waa la beddeli doonaa waqtiga; Hubi inay jirto dhoobo anode oo ku urursan xagga hoose ee bacda anode, oo nadiifi waqtiga haddii ay jirto; Si joogto ah ugu shaandhee xudunta kaarboonka 6-8 saacadood bil kasta, kana saar wasakhda elektrolysis hadda jira; Sannad-badhkii ama wax la mid ah, go’aamiya haddii daaweyn baaxad leh (budada kaarboon firfircoon) loo baahan yahay marka loo eego wasakhda dareeraha haanta; Beddel walxaha shaandhada ee bamka miiraha labadii toddobaadba mar;

Procedure Habka daaweynta ugu weyn: A. soo saar anode, ka saar bacda anode, ku nadiifi dusha anode burush naxaas ah, ku dhaq oo ku engeji biyo, ku rid bacda anode oo ku rid haanta aashitada si aad u sugto. B. ku qoy bacda anode 10% xal alkaline ah 6-8 saacadood, ku dhaq oo ku qalaji biyo, ku qoy 5% dareere sulfuric acid, oo ku dhaq oo ku qalaji biyo heegan; C. U wareeji xalka gacanta unugga heeganka oo si tartiib ah ugu milmi budada kaarboonka firfircoon ee xalka unugga qiyaas ahaan 3-5g / L. ka dib marka xalka si buuxda loo kala diro, u adkee 4-6 saacadood, shaandhee xalka unugyada oo leh 10um PP filter filter iyo budada gargaarka shaandhaynta ee unugga shaqaynaya ee la nadiifiyey, ku rid anode, ku dheji saxanka elektrolytka, oo ku dheji korantada hadda hooseysa 0.2-0.5asd cufnaanta hadda ah 6-8 saacadood. D. hagaajin sulfuric acid ee unugga ka dib falanqaynta kiimikada, Stannous sulfate oo ku jira baaxadda hawlgalka caadiga ah; Ku dar waxyaalo dahaarka daasadda sida waafaqsan natiijooyinka baaritaanka qolka Hoolka; E. Jooji korontada ka dib marka midabka dusha saxanka elektrolytigu yahay mid isku mid ah; F. Imtixaanka dahaadhka OK;

④ Markaad dawooyinka buuxinayso, haddii qadarka lagu daray uu badan yahay, sida sulfate stannous iyo sulfuric acid; Elektrolysis -ka hadda hooseeya waa in la sameeyaa ka dib marka lagu daro; U fiirso ammaanka markaad ku darayso sulfuric acid. Marka xaddiga sulfuric acid uu badan yahay (in ka badan 10 litir), si tartiib ah dhowr jeer ugu dar; Haddii kale, heerkulka qubaysku aad buu u sarreeyaa, xabagta daasadda ah ayaa oksidheyn doonta, oo gabowga dareeraha ayaa la dardargelin doonaa.

Formula Qaaciddada xisaabinta isugeynta daroogada:

Stannous sulfate (cutub: kg) = (40-x) volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1000

Sulfuric acid (ku jirta litir) = (10% – x) g / L volume Mugga haanta (L)

Ama (ku jira litir) = (180-x) g / L volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1840

（9） Nickel dahaadhay

① Ujeeddo iyo shaqo: lakabka dahaarka ee nikkel waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa sida lakabka ka hortagga u dhexeeya lakabka naxaasta iyo dahabka dahabka ah si looga hortago fidinta labada dhinac ee dahabka iyo naxaasta waxayna saamayn ku yeelan kartaa weldability iyo nolosha adeegga guddiga; Isla mar ahaantaana, taageeridda lakabka nikkel wuxuu kaloo si weyn u kordhiyaa xoogga farsamada ee dahabka dahabka ah;

Parameters Xaddidyada geeddi -socodka ee la xiriira dahaadhka naxaasta ee saxanka oo dhan: ku -daridda waxyaabaha lagu daro dahaarka nikkel guud ahaan waa la kaabayaa iyadoo la raacayo habka saacadda kiloampere, ama xaddiga ku -darka waa qiyaastii 200ml / Kah marka loo eego saamaynta dhabta ah ee wax -soo -saarka saxanka; Waqtiga xaadirka ah ee dahaarka nikkel -ka aan korontada lahayn waxaa guud ahaan lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo lagu dhufanayo 2 A / decimeter square aagga korantada ee saxanka; Heerkulka dhululuubka nikkel waxaa lagu hayaa 40-55 digrii, heerkulka guudna waa qiyaastii 50 digrii. Sidaa darteed, dhululuubka nikkel waa in lagu qalabeeyaa kuleyliyaha iyo nidaamka xakamaynta heerkulka;

Maintenance Habka dayactirka:

Ku -darka dhejiska nikkel -ka ee waqtigiisa ku habboon si waafaqsan saacadaha kiloampere maalin kasta; Hubi in bamka sifeeyaha uu si caadi ah u shaqeeyo iyo haddii ay jirto dillaac hawo; Ku nadiifi usha tabiyaha cathode maro maryo qoyan oo nadiif ah 2-3 saacadood kasta; Falanqee waxyaabaha ku jira nickel sulfate (nickel sulfamate) (toddobaadkiiba mar), chloride nickel (asbuuciiba mar) iyo boric acid (asbuuciiba hal mar) oo ku jira dhululuubka naxaas si joogto ah usbuuc kasta, hagaaji nuxurka waxyaabaha lagu daro ee nikkel ee lagu daro baaritaanka qolka qolka , iyo in la buuxiyo alaabta ceeriin ee khuseeya waqtiga; Nadiifi usha tabinta anode iyo isku xirayaasha korontada ee labada dhinac ee haanta usbuuc kasta, ku kaydi xagasha nikkel anode ee dambiisha titanium waqtiga, kuna dheji korantada 0.2-0.5 ASD hadda hooseysa 6-8 saacadood; Hubi haddii bacda dambiisha titanium ee anode ay waxyeello gaartay bil kasta, oo ku beddel waqtigeeda; Hubi haddii dhoobada anode lagu ururiyey gunta hoose ee dambiisha titanium, oo nadiifi waqtiga haddii ay jirto; Xuddunta Kaarboon waxaa loo isticmaalay sifeyn joogto ah 6-8 saacadood, waxaana wasakhda laga saaray elektrolysis-ka hadda hooseeya; Sannad-badhkii ama wax la mid ah, go’aamiya haddii daaweyn baaxad leh (budada kaarboon firfircoon) loo baahan yahay marka loo eego wasakhda dareeraha haanta; Beddel walxaha shaandhada ee bamka miiraha labadii toddobaadba mar;

Procedure Habka daaweynta ugu weyn: A. soo saar anode -ga, ku shub anode, nadiifi anode, ka dibna ku rid foostada ku jirta geeska nikkel, ku adkee dusha geeska nikkel oo leh micro etchant ilaa casaan labis ah. Ka dib markaad maydho oo qallajiso, ku rid dambiisha titanium oo ku rid haanta aashitada ee heeganka. B. ku qoy dambiisha titanium anode iyo bacda anode 10% xal alkaline ah 6-8 saacadood, ku dhaq oo ku qallaji biyo, ka dibna ku qoo 5% dareere sulfuric acid, Ku dhaq oo ku qalaji biyo si aad u heegan; C. Ku wareeji dareeraha haanta taangiga heeganka, ku dar 1-3ml / L 30% hydrogen peroxide, bilow kuleylinta, shid hawo kicinaysa marka heerkulku qiyaastii yahay 65 ℃, kuna walaaq hawo dahaaran 2-4 saacadood; D. Dami hawo-kicinta, si tartiib ah ugu milmi budada kaarboonka firfircoon ee xalka taangiga qiyaas ahaan 3-5g / L, shid hawo-kicinta ka dib marka kala-diriddu dhammaato, oo sii diiran 2-4 saacadood; E. Dami hawo kicinaysa, kululayso oo u oggolow in budada kaarboonka firfircoon si tartiib ah u dejiso haanta; F. Marka heerkulku hoos ugu dhaco ilaa 40 ℃, isticmaal 10um PP element filter iyo budada gargaarka shaandhaynta si aad ugu shaandhayso dareeraha haanta galay haanta shaqada ee la nadiifiyey, shid kicin 0. 2-0。 5asd cufnaanta hadda hooseysa elektrolysis-ka hooseeya ee 6-8 saacadood, G. falanqaynta kiimikada ka dib, hagaaji nuxurka nikkel sulfate ama nickel sulfamate, chloride nickel iyo boric acid ee taangiga ilaa heerka hawlgalka caadiga ah; Ku dar waxyaalaha lagu daro dahaarka nikkel sida ku cad natiijooyinka baaritaanka qolka Hoolka; H. Kadib marka midabka dusha saxanka elektrolytka uu yahay mid lebisan, jooji elektrolyzka, ka dibna samee daaweynta elektrolytka sida waafaqsan cufnaanta hadda ee 1-1.5 ASD muddo 10-20 daqiiqo ah si loo dhaqaajiyo anode; 1. Tijaabinta dahaarka OK;

⑤ Marka la kaabayo daawooyinka, haddii qaddarka lagu daray uu badan yahay, sida nikkel sulfate ama nikkel sulfamate iyo nikkel chloride, waa in lagu shubaa korantada koronto yar marka lagu daro; Markaad ku darayso boric acid, ku rid boric acid ku dar bacda anode nadiif ah oo ku dheji dhululuubka nikkel. Si toos ah looguma dari karo haanta;

Dahaarka nikkel ka dib, waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu daro dhaqidda biyaha soo -kabashada oo lagu furo dhululubada biyo saafi ah, taas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu kabo heerka dareeraha ah ee aan la kicin iyadoo lagu kululaynayo dhululuubka nikkel. Ka -maydhista biyaha ka -soo -kabashada ka dib, waxay ku xidhan tahay biyo -raacis labaad

Formula Qaaciddada xisaabinta isugeynta daroogada:

Nickel sulfate (kg) = (280-x) volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1000

Chloride nikkel (kg) = (45-x) volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1000

Boric acid (kg) = (45-x) volume Mugga haanta (L) / 1000

（10） Dahabka electroplating: wuxuu u qaybsan yahay electroplating dahab adag (daawaha dahabka) iyo dahab biyo (dahab saafi ah). Halabuurka dahaadhka dahabka ah ee adag wuxuu asal ahaan la mid yahay kan qubeyska dahabka ee jilicsan, laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah biraha raadadka ah sida nikkel, cobalt ama birta qubeyska adag ee dahabka ah;

Pose Ujeeddo iyo shaqo: sida bir qaali ah, dahabku wuxuu leeyahay alxanka wanaagsan, iska caabinta oksaydhka, iska caabinta daxalka, iska caabinta xidhiidhka hoose iyo iska caabbinta xirashada