Zithini iinkqubo zesingxobo sePCB?

The electroplating process of ibhodi yesekethe inokuhlelwa ngokuthe gca kwi-acid eqaqambileyo yokuchopha ubhedu, i-electroplated nickel / igolide kunye ne-tin ye-electroplated.

Nesingxobo Line

1, Ukuhlelwa kwenkqubo electroplating:

Acid eqaqambileyo yobhedu electroplating nickel / ngegolide tin electroplating

2, Inkqubo flow:

Ukukhahlela → ukutyabeka ubhedu kwibhodi yonke → ukuhanjiswa kwepateni → i-asidi yokuyekisa → ukucocwa kwesibini okwexeshana → ukutsalwa okuncinci → ukusekwa → ukufunwa → ityhubhu yentsimbi → ukucocwa kwesibini

Countercurrent rinsing → acid dipping → graphic copper plating → secondary countercurrent rinsing → nickel plating → secondary water washing → citric acid dipping → gold plating → recovery → 2-3-stage pure water washing → drying

Inkqubo 3 Inkcazo:

Ukukhetha i-Pickling

Indima nenjongo:

Susa i-oxide kwi-plate surface kwaye usebenze umhlaba weplate. Ngokubanzi, uxinizelelo yi-5%, kwaye ezinye zigcinwa malunga ne-10%, ikakhulu ukuthintela amanzi ekungeniseni nasekubangeleni umxholo we-sulfuric acid ongazinzanga kulwelo lwetanki;

② The acid leaching time should not be too long to prevent oxidation of the plate surface; After use for a period of time, if the acid solution is turbid or the copper content is too high, it shall be replaced in time to prevent contamination of the plated copper cylinder and plate surface;

Here I-CP grade sulfuric acid iya kusetyenziswa apha;

） 2, ipleyiti ngokupheleleyo nesingxobo sobhedu: eyaziwa ngokuba copper yokuqala, ipleyiti yombane, panel nesingxobo, umsebenzi kunye nenjongo:

Khusela ubhedu lweekhemikhali obhityileyo olufakwe nje, thintela ubhedu lweekhemikhali ekubeni lubethelelwe yiasidi emva kokugcwala, kwaye ulongeze ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile ngombane

Inkqubo yeeparameter ezinxulumene nesingqengqelo sobhedu kwisitya sonke: isisombululo sebhafu ikakhulu senziwe nge-sulfate yobhedu kunye nesalfure acid. Ifomula ye-asidi ephezulu kunye nobhedu oluphantsi lwamkelwe ukuqinisekisa ukufana kokuhanjiswa kweplate kunye nobuchule obunzulu bokufaka imingxunya enzulu ngexesha lokufakwa kombane; Umxholo we-asidi yesulfuric ubukhulu becala yi-180 g / L, kwaye uninzi lwazo lufikelela kwi-240 g / L; Umxholo we-sulfate yethusi ngokubanzi umalunga ne-75 g / L. ukongeza, inani elincinci le-chloride ion longezwa kulwelo lwetanki njengearhente yokuncedisa i-gloss kunye ne-arhente yeglass yobhedu yokudlala umphumo wokuqaqamba kunye; Isixa sokongezwa okanye isixa sesilinda sokuvula ipolishi yobhedu ngokubanzi yi-3-5ml / L. ukongezwa kwepolishi yobhedu kudityaniswa ngokubanzi ngokwendlela yeyure ye-kiloampere okanye ngokwempembelelo yokwenyani yemveliso; Okwangoku kuyo yonke ipleyiti yokwenza i-electroplating kubalwa ngokuphinda-phinda i-2 A / isikwere sedemitha yommandla osetyenziselwa ukucoca ipleyiti. Kwipleyiti yonke, bubude beplate DM × Ububanzi bePlate DM × ezimbini x 2A / DM2, Ubushushu besilinda sobhedu bugcinwa kubushushu begumbi, ngokubanzi akukho ngaphezulu kweedigri ezingama-32, ubukhulu becala ezilawulwa kwii-22 degrees. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ehlotyeni, kuyacetyiswa ukufakela inkqubo yokulawula ubushushu bokupholisa isilinda sobhedu;

Inkqubo yolondolozo:

Gcwalisa ipolishi yethusi ngexesha ngokweeyure ze-kiloampere yonke imihla, kwaye uyongeze ngokwe-100-150ml / Kah; Khangela ukuba impompo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo lisebenza ngesiqhelo nokuba kukho ukuvuza komoya; Coca intonga ye-cathode conductive ngendwangu ecocekileyo emanzi qho kwiiyure ezingama-2-3; Umxholo we-sulfate yethusi (kanye ngeveki), i-acid ye-sulfuric (kanye ngeveki) kunye ne-chloride ion (kabini ngeveki) kwisilinda sobhedu ziya kuhlaziywa rhoqo ngeveki, umxholo we-brightener uya kulungiswa ngovavanyo lweeseli zeHolo, kwaye izinto eziluhlaza ezifanelekileyo ziya kongezwa ngexesha; Coca intonga ye-anode kunye nezihlanganisi zombane kumacala omabini etanki veki nganye, gcwalisa ibhola yobhedu ye-anode kwibhasikithi ye-titanium ngexesha, kunye ne-electrolyze nge-0.2-0.5 ASD yangoku yeeyure eziyi-6-8; Jonga ukuba ingxowa yebhasikiti ye-titanium ye-anode yonakele inyanga nenyanga, kwaye uyitshintshe ngexesha; Jonga ukuba idaka le-anode liqokelelene ezantsi kwebhasikidi ye-anode titanium, kwaye uyicoce ngexesha ukuba likho; Isiseko sekhabhoni sisetyenziselwe ukuhluza okuqhubekayo kangangeeyure eziyi-6-8, kwaye ukungcola kususwe yi-electrolysis ephantsi yangoku ngaxeshanye; Njalo kwisiqingatha sonyaka okanye njalo, misela ukuba ngaba unyango olukhulu (olwenziweyo lwekhabhoni olungumgubo) luyafuneka ngokongcoliseka lulwelo lwetanki; Faka endaweni yecebo lokucoca ulwelo lwempompo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini;

Inkqubo yonyango enkulu: A. ukhuphe i-anode, uphalaze i-anode, coca ifilimu ye-anode kumphezulu we-anode, emva koko uyibeke kumgqomo opakisha i-anode yobhedu. Hlaziya umphezulu wekona yobhedu kwipinki efanayo kunye ne-micro etchant. Emva kokuhlamba nokomisa, yifake kwibhasikithi ye-titanium kwaye uyibeke kwitanki ye-asidi yokulinda. B. cwina ibhasikithi ye-anode titanium kunye nebhegi ye-anode kwisisombululo se-10% se-alkaline kangangeyure eziyi-6-8, uhlambe kwaye umile ngamanzi, emva koko cwina kwi-5% yaze yangxenga ifuthe le-asidi ye-sulfuric acid, Hlamba kwaye umise ngamanzi ukuze ulinde; C. Dlulisa ulwelo lwetanki kwitanki yokulinda, yongeza i-1-3ml / L i-30% ye-hydrogen peroxide, qala ukufudumeza, vula umoya uvuselele xa iqondo lobushushu limalunga ne-65 ℃, kwaye uvuse nomoya we-insulated iiyure ezingama-2-4; D. Vala umoya ovuselelayo, ngokuthe ngcembe unyibilikise umgubo wekhabhoni kwisisombululo setanki kwinqanaba le-3-5g / L, vula umoya ovuselelayo emva kokupheliswa, kwaye ugcine ushushu kangangeeyure ezi-2-4; E. Cima umoya ovuselelayo, shushu ubushushu kwaye vumela i-carbon powder esebenzayo ukuba ihlale emazantsi etanki kancinci; F. Xa iqondo lobushushu lisihla liye kuma malunga no-40 ℃, sebenzisa isihluzi se-10um se-PP kunye nomgubo wokucoca ulwelo lokucoca ulwelo lwetanki kwitanki yokusebenza ecociweyo, vula umoya ovuselelayo, beka i-anode, uyixhome kwisitya se-electrolytic, kunye Okwangoku ngoku ngokwe-0.2-0.5asd uxinano lwangoku lweeyure eziyi-6-8. Ukulungelelanisa umxholo we-asidi ye-sulfuric acid, i-sulfate yethusi kunye ne-chloride ion kwitanki kwindawo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo emva kohlalutyo lwelebhu; Zalisa umbane ngokuqaqambileyo ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lweseli yeHolo; H. Emva kombala weplate iyunifomu, i-electrolysis inokumiswa, emva koko ifilimu ye-electrolytic iphathwe iiyure ezingama-1-2 ngokobuninzi be-1-1.5asd yangoku. Uluhlu lwefilimu emnyama ye-phosphorus kunye nokubambelela okuxineneyo kuyenziwa kwi-anode; 1. Ukuvavanywa kokulinganisa;

⑤ The anode copper ball contains 0.3-0.6% phosphorus. The main purpose is to reduce the anode dissolution efficiency and reduce the production of copper powder;

⑥ When replenishing drugs, if the amount is large, such as copper sulfate and sulfuric acid; Low current electrolysis shall be conducted after addition; Pay attention to safety when adding sulfuric acid. When the amount of sulfuric acid is large (more than 10 liters), add it slowly several times; Otherwise, the temperature of the bath liquid will be too high, the photocatalyst decomposition will be accelerated, and the bath liquid will be polluted;

Attention Ingqwalasela eyodwa iya kuhlawulwa kwisongezelelo se-chloride ion, kuba umxholo we-chloride ion uphantsi ngokukodwa (30-90ppm), kufuneka ulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngesilinda yokulinganisa okanye ikomityi yokulinganisa ngaphambi kokudibanisa; 1ml yehydrochloric acid iqulethe malunga ne-385ppm chloride ion,

Ukongeza ifomula yokubala iziyobisi:

I-Copper sulfate (kg) = (75-x) × Umthamo wetanki (L) / 1000

Sulfuric acid (in liters) = (10% – x) g / L × Tank volume (L)

Or (in liters) = (180-x) g / L × Tank volume (L) / 1840

Hydrochloric acid (ML) = (60-x) ppm × Tank volume (L) / 385

3, Ukunciphisa iAvidi

And Injongo kunye nomsebenzi: susa i-oxide kumphezulu wobhedu womgca, intsalela yefilimu ye-inki kunye ne-glue eyintsalela, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubambelela phakathi kobhedu oluphambili kunye nephethini yokuhambisa ubhedu okanye i-nickel

② Remember to use acid degreaser here. Why not use alkaline degreaser, and the degreasing effect of alkaline degreaser is better than that of acid degreaser? Mainly because the graphic ink is not alkali resistant and will damage the graphic circuit, only acidic degreaser can be used before graphic electroplating.

Ngexesha lokuvelisa, kufuneka kuphela ukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nexesha le-degreaser. Uxinzelelo lwe-degreaser lumalunga ne-10% kwaye ixesha liqinisekisiwe ukuba yimizuzu engama-6. Ixesha elincinane alinakuba neziphumo ezibi; Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokutshintsha ulwelo lwetanki kukwasekwe kwi-15 m2 / L yokusebenza kolwelo, kwaye isongezo esongezelelekileyo sisekwe kwi-100 m2 0. 5-0 8L ；

（4） Micro etching:

Ukufumana umgca

And Injongo kunye nomsebenzi: ucocekile kwaye uburhabaxa umphezulu wobhedu wesekethe ukuqinisekisa amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwepatheni yokwenza ubhedu kunye nobhedu oluphambili

Pers Ipesulphate yesodium isetyenziswa ikakhulu njenge-etchant encinci, enesilinganiselo sokuqina okuzinzileyo kunye nokufana kwamanzi kunye nokuhlanjwa kwamanzi. Uxinzelelo lwe-sodium persulfate ilawulwa ngokubanzi malunga ne-60 g / L kwaye ixesha lilawulwa malunga nemizuzwana engama-20. Ukongezwa kweziyobisi yi-3-4 kg nge-100 yeemitha zesikwere; Umxholo wobhedu uya kulawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-20 g / L; Olunye ulondolozo kunye nokutshintshwa kwesilinda kuyafana nokubhebhetheka kobhedu.

Ukukhetha i-Pickling

Indima nenjongo:

Susa i-oxide kwi-plate surface kwaye usebenze umhlaba weplate. Ngokubanzi, uxinizelelo yi-5%, kwaye ezinye zigcinwa malunga ne-10%, ikakhulu ukuthintela amanzi ekungeniseni nasekubangeleni umxholo we-sulfuric acid ongazinzanga kulwelo lwetanki;

② The acid leaching time should not be too long to prevent oxidation of the plate surface; After use for a period of time, if the acid solution is turbid or the copper content is too high, it shall be replaced in time to prevent contamination of the plated copper cylinder and plate surface;

Here I-CP grade sulfuric acid iya kusetyenziswa apha;

） 6, Graphic nesingxobo sobhedu: ikwabizwa ngokuba ubhedu ezizisekondari, nesingxobo sobhedu nesingxobo

And Injongo nomsebenzi: ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomthwalo wangoku womgca ngamnye, umgca ngamnye kunye nomngxuma wobhedu kufuneka ufikelele kubukhulu obuthile. Ngenjongo yokufakwa kwentsimbi yobhedu, umngxuma wobhedu kunye nomgca wobhedu uya kuxiniswa kubukhulu obuthile ngexesha;

② Ezinye izinto ziyafana neplate epheleleyo yonyulo lombane

（7） Electroplated tin ① purpose and function: the purpose of graphic electroplated pure tin mainly uses pure tin as a metal resist layer to protect circuit etching;

Ulwelo lokuhlambela ikakhulu luqulathe isanti santhate, sulphuric acid kunye nezongezo; Umxholo we-Stannous sulfate ulawulwa malunga ne-35 g / L kunye ne-acid ye-sulfuric ilawulwa malunga ne-10%; Ukongezwa kwezongezo zeplating plating kudityaniswa ngokubanzi ngokwendlela yeyure ye-kiloampere okanye ngokwempembelelo yokwenyani yemveliso; Ingqiniba yentsimbi esetyenzwe ngoku ibalwa njenge-1. 5 A / isikwere sedesimali esandiswe ngummandla osetyenziselwa ukucoca ipleyiti; Iqondo lobushushu lesilinda le-tin ligcinwa kubushushu begumbi. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu abudluli kuma-30 degrees kwaye ubukhulu becala bulawulwa ngama-22 degrees. Ke ngoko, ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ehlotyeni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakelwe inkqubo yokupholisa kunye nolawulo lobushushu kwisilinda ye-tin;

Inkqubo yolondolozo:

Ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukongeza izongezo zepleyiti ngokweeyure ze-kiloampere yonke imihla; Khangela ukuba impompo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo lisebenza ngesiqhelo nokuba kukho ukuvuza komoya; Coca i-cathode intonga yokuqhuba nge-rag emanzi ecocekileyo rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-2-3; Hlaziya i-stannous sulphate (kanye ngeveki) kunye ne-acid ye-sulfuric (kanye ngeveki) kwisilinda ye-tin rhoqo ngeveki, hlengisa umxholo wezongezo ze-tin plating ngovavanyo lweeseli zeHolo, kwaye uncedise izinto ezifanelekileyo ngexesha; Coca intonga ye-anode yokuqhuba kunye nezihlanganisi zombane kumacala omabini etanki veki nganye; I-Electrolysis ene-0.2-0.5 ASD yangoku iiyure ezingama-6-8 ngeveki; Ingxowa ye-anode iya kujongwa inyanga nenyanga ukuba ayonakalanga, kwaye eyonakeleyo iya kutshintshwa ngexesha; Jonga ukuba kukho udaka lwe-anode oluqokelelwe ezantsi kwebhegi ye-anode, kwaye uyicoce ngexesha ukuba likho; Icebo lokucoca ulwelo ngokuqhubekayo nekhabhoni engundoqo iiyure ezi-6-8 inyanga nenyanga, kwaye ususe ubumdaka nge-electrolysis ekhoyo ngoku; Njalo kwisiqingatha sonyaka okanye njalo, misela ukuba ngaba unyango olukhulu (olwenziweyo lwekhabhoni olungumgubo) luyafuneka ngokongcoliseka lulwelo lwetanki; Faka endaweni yecebo lokucoca ulwelo lwempompo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini;

Inkqubo yonyango enkulu: A. khupha i-anode, susa ingxowa ye-anode, coca umphezulu we-anode ngebrashi yobhedu, uyihlambe kwaye uyomise ngamanzi, uyibeke kwingxowa ye-anode kwaye uyibeke kwitanki ye-asidi yokulinda. B. thambisa ibhegi ye-anode kwisisombululo se-10% se-alkaline kangangeyure eziyi-6-8, uyihlambe kwaye uyomise ngamanzi, uyigalele kwi-5% yaze yangxenga ifuthe leasidi yesalfure, kwaye uyihlambe kwaye uyomise ngamanzi ukuze ulinde; C. Dlulisa isisombululo seseli kwiseli yokulinda kwaye unyibilikise kancinci umgubo wekhabhoni kwisisombululo seseli kwinqanaba le-3-5g / L. emva kokuba isisombululo sichithwe ngokupheleleyo, yibhengeze iiyure ezingama-4-6, ucofe isisombululo seseli Nge-10um ye-PP yesixhobo sokucoca ulwelo kunye nomgubo ococa umgubo kwiseli yokusebenza ecociweyo, uyibeke kwi-anode, uyixhome kwipleyiti ye-electrolytic, kunye ne-electrolyze kumgangatho ophantsi we-0.2-0.5asd uxinano lwangoku lweeyure eziyi-6-8. D. lungisa i-asidi ye-sulfuric kwiseli emva kohlalutyo lweekhemikhali, Umxholo weStranous sulfate ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza; Yongeza i-tin plating additives ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lweeseli zeHolo; E. Misa i-electrolysis emva kombala weplate ye-electrolytic surface iyunifomu; F. Uvavanyo lweplating Kulungile;

④ Xa uzalisa iziyobisi, ukuba isixa sokongeza sikhulu, njenge-stannous sulfate kunye ne-acid ye-sulfuric acid; I-electrolysis yangoku ephantsi iya kwenziwa emva kokongezwa; Nika ingqalelo ukhuseleko xa usongeza i-acid ye-sulfuric acid. Xa inani leasidi ye-sulfuric likhulu (ngaphezulu kweelitha ezili-10), yongeza kancinci amaxesha aliqela; Ngaphandle koko, iqondo lobushushu lokuhlamba liya kuba phezulu kakhulu, i-tin oxide iya kwenziwa i-oxidized, kwaye ukuguga kolwelo kuya kukhawuleziswa.

Ukongeza ifomula yokubala iziyobisi:

I-Stannous sulfate (iyunithi: kg) = (40-x) × Umthamo wetanki (L) / 1000

Sulfuric acid (in liters) = (10% – x) g / L × Tank volume (L)

Or (in liters) = (180-x) g / L × Tank volume (L) / 1840

） 9） umaleko nickel

① Injongo kunye nomsebenzi: nickel nesingxobo umaleko ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa umaleko umqobo phakathi maleko lobhedu kunye maleko yegolide ukuthintela ukusasazeka macala egolide nobhedu kwaye kuchaphazela weldability kunye nobomi inkonzo yebhodi; Kwangelo xesha, ukuxhaswa kwe-nickel layer nako kukonyusa kakhulu amandla oomatshini bokubeka igolide;

Inkqubo yeeparameter ezinxulumene nesingxobo sobhedu kwipleyiti iphela: ukongezwa kwezongezo zesingxobo se-nickel kudityaniswa ngokubanzi ngokwendlela yeyure ye-kiloampere, okanye isixa sokudibanisa simalunga ne-200ml / Kah ngokwempembelelo yokwenziwa kwepleyiti; Okwangoku ipateni ye-nickel plating plating ngokubanzi ibalwa ngokuphinda-phinda i-2 A / isikwere sedemitha yommandla osetyenziselwa ukucoca ipleyiti; Ubushushu be-nickel cylinder bugcinwa kuma-40-55 degrees, kwaye ubushushu ngokubanzi bu malunga ne-50 degrees. Ke ngoko, isilinda ye-nickel kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngokufudumeza kunye nolawulo lobushushu;

Inkqubo yolondolozo:

Ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukongeza ii-nickel plating additives ngokweeyure ze-kiloampere yonke imihla; Khangela ukuba impompo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo lisebenza ngesiqhelo nokuba kukho ukuvuza komoya; Coca i-cathode intonga yokuqhuba nge-rag emanzi ecocekileyo rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-2-3; Hlaziya imixholo ye-nickel sulphate (i-nickel sulfamate) (kanye ngeveki), i-nickel chloride (kanye ngeveki) kunye ne-boric acid (kanye ngeveki) kwisilinda sobhedu rhoqo ngeveki, hlengisa umxholo wezongezo ze-nickel plating ngovavanyo lweeseli zeHolo , kunye nokongeza izinto ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo; Coca intonga ye-anode yokuqhuba kunye nezihlanganisi zombane kumacala omabini etanki veki nganye, yongeza i-anode nickel angle kwi-titanium basket ngexesha, kunye ne-electrolyze ene-0.2-0.5 ASD yangoku yeeyure eziyi-6-8; Jonga ukuba ingxowa yebhasikiti ye-titanium ye-anode yonakele inyanga nenyanga, kwaye uyitshintshe ngexesha; Jonga ukuba idaka le-anode liqokelelene ezantsi kwebhasikidi ye-anode titanium, kwaye uyicoce ngexesha ukuba likho; Isiseko sekhabhoni sisetyenziselwe ukuhluza okuqhubekayo kangangeeyure eziyi-6-8, kwaye ukungcola kususwe yi-electrolysis ephantsi yangoku ngaxeshanye; Njalo kwisiqingatha sonyaka okanye njalo, misela ukuba ngaba unyango olukhulu (olwenziweyo lwekhabhoni olungumgubo) luyafuneka ngokongcoliseka lulwelo lwetanki; Faka endaweni yecebo lokucoca ulwelo lwempompo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini;

Inkqubo yonyango enkulu: A. ukhuphe i-anode, uthele i-anode, ucoce i-anode, emva koko uyibeke kumgqomo opakishwe ngekona ye-nickel, iroughen umphezulu wekona ye-nickel ene-micro etchant kwi-pink efanayo. Emva kokuhlamba nokomisa, yifake kwibhasikithi ye-titanium kwaye uyibeke kwitanki ye-asidi yokulinda. B. cwina ibhasikithi ye-anode titanium kunye nebhegi ye-anode kwisisombululo se-10% se-alkaline kangangeyure eziyi-6-8, uhlambe kwaye umile ngamanzi, emva koko cwina kwi-5% yaze yangxenga ifuthe le-asidi ye-sulfuric acid, Hlamba kwaye umise ngamanzi ukuze ulinde; C. Dlulisa ulwelo lwetanki kwitanki yokulinda, yongeza i-1-3ml / L i-30% ye-hydrogen peroxide, qala ukufudumeza, vula umoya uvuselele xa iqondo lobushushu limalunga ne-65 ℃, kwaye uvuse nomoya we-insulated iiyure ezingama-2-4; D. Vala umoya ovuselelayo, ngokuthe ngcembe unyibilikise umgubo wekhabhoni kwisisombululo setanki kwinqanaba le-3-5g / L, vula umoya ovuselelayo emva kokupheliswa, kwaye ugcine ushushu kangangeeyure ezi-2-4; E. Cima umoya ovuselelayo, shushu ubushushu kwaye vumela i-carbon powder esebenzayo ukuba ihlale emazantsi etanki kancinci; F. Xa amaqondo obushushu esihla esiba malunga ne-40 ℃, sebenzisa isihluzi se-10um se-PP kunye nomgubo wokucoca ulwelo lokucoca ulwelo lwetanki kwitanki yokusebenza ecociweyo, vula umoya ovuselelayo, faka i-anode, uyixhome kwisitya se-electrolytic, kwaye ucinezele 0. 2-0. 5asd uxinano lwangoku lwe-electrolysis yangoku yeeyure eziyi-6-8, G. emva kohlalutyo lweekhemikhali, hlengisa umxholo wenickel sulphate okanye i-nickel sulfamate, i-nickel chloride kunye ne-boric acid kwitanki kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza; Yongeza ii-nickel plating additives ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lweeseli zeHolo; H. Emva kombala womphezulu weplate ye-electrolytic iyunifomu, yeka i-electrolysis, emva koko wenze unyango lwe-electrolytic ngokobuninzi be-1-1.5 ASD kangangemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 ukwenza i-anode isebenze; 1. Ukuvavanywa kokulinganisa;

⑤ Xa usongeza iziyobisi, ukuba isixa sokongeza sikhulu, njenge-nickel sulphate okanye i-nickel sulfamate kunye ne-nickel chloride, iya kufakwa ngombane ngombane ophantsi emva kokudityaniswa; Xa usongeza i-boric acid, faka i-boric acid eyongeziweyo kwingxowa ye-anode ecocekileyo kwaye uyixhome kwisilinda se-nickel. Ayinakongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwitanki;

Emva kwesingxobo se-nickel, kuyacetyiswa ukongeza ukuhlamba amanzi kwakhona kwaye uvule isilinda ngamanzi amsulwa, anokusetyenziselwa ukongeza inqanaba lolwelo olwenziwe ngokufudumeza kwisilinda se-nickel. Emva kokufumana kwakhona ukuhlamba kwamanzi, inxulunyaniswa nokuhlanjwa kwesibini okwexeshana;

Ukongeza ifomula yokubala iziyobisi:

I-Nickel sulfate (kg) = (280-x) × Umthamo wetanki (L) / 1000

I-Nickel chloride (kg) = (45-x) × Umthamo wetanki (L) / 1000

I-Boric acid (kg) = (45-x) × Umthamo wetanki (L) / 1000

Gold 10, Electroplating igolide: yahlulwe electroplating igolide nzima (ingxubevange zegolide) kunye namanzi zegolide (igolide esulungekileyo) iinkqubo. Ukwakhiwa kwesingxobo segolide esilukhuni ngokusisiseko kuyafana noko kwebhafu yegolide ethambileyo, kodwa kukho umkhondo wesinyithi onje nge-nickel, i-cobalt okanye isinyithi kwibhafu yegolide eqinileyo;

① Injongo kunye nomsebenzi: njengensimbi exabisekileyo, igolide ine-weldability elungileyo, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana ne-corrosion, ukumelana koqhakamshelwano kunye nokunxiba