Izimbangela zokugqabhuka komhlaba ngaphakathi ibhodi yesifunda production

Ibhodi ebusweni amagwebu ingenye yezinkinga ezivamile zekhwalithi enqubeni yokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB. Ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB nenqubo yokugcinwa kwayo, ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni okumanzi kwamakhemikhali, kunzima ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwebhodi okukhona. Ngokuya ngeminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhiqiza okusebenzayo kanye nesipiliyoni sensizakalo, umbhali manje wenza ukuhlaziywa okufishane ngezimbangela zamabhalansi ebusweni bebhodi lesifunda elenziwe ngethusi, enethemba lokusiza ontanga kulo mkhakha!

Inkinga yokugcwala ebusweni bebhodi lesifunda empeleni iyinkinga yokunamathela okungekuhle kobuso bebhodi, bese kuba yinkinga yekhwalithi ephezulu yendawo yebhodi, efaka izinto ezimbili:

1. Ukuhlanzeka kwebhodi ebusweni;

2. Ubuso obukhulu be-Surface (noma amandla angaphezulu); Zonke izinkinga zebhodi yokushaywa kwamabhodi wesifunda zingafingqwa njengezizathu ezingenhla. Ukunamathela phakathi kokumbozwa kubi noma kuphansi kakhulu. Kunzima ukumelana nengcindezi yokumboza, ukucindezela kwemishini nokucindezela okushisayo okwenziwe kwinqubo yokukhiqiza nokucubungula kwinqubo elandelayo yokukhiqiza nokucubungula nenqubo yomhlangano, okuholele ekwehlukaneni kwezingubo kumazinga ahlukahlukene.

Ezinye izinto ezingadala izinga eliphansi lamapuleti ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokucubungula zifingqwe ngokulandelayo:

1. Izinkinga zokwelashwa kwenqubo ye-substrate; Ikakhulukazi kwezinye iziqeshana ezincanyana (ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka-0.8mm), ngenxa yobulukhuni obubi be-substrate, ayifanelekile ukuxubha ipuleti ngomshini wokuxubha, ongahle ungasusi ngempumelelo ungqimba oluvikelwe olwenziwe ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela uketshezi ucwecwe lwethusi ebusweni bepuleti ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kwe-substrate. Yize ungqimba luncane futhi ipuleti lokuxubha kulula ukulisusa, kunzima ukwamukela ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunaka ukulawula ekukhiqizeni nasekuqhubekeni, ukuze uvikele inkinga enegwebu ebangelwa ukunamathela okubi phakathi i-substrate foil yethusi nethusi lamakhemikhali; Lapho kwenziwa mnyama ungqimba oluncane lwangaphakathi, kuzoba khona nezinkinga ezithile, njengokumnyama okungacaci nokugquma, umbala ongalingani, kanye nokumpofu okumnyama kwendawo kwendawo.

2. Ibala lika-oyela noma okunye ukungcoliswa ketshezi, ukungcoliswa kothuli nokungaphathwa kahle komhlaba okubangelwa imishini yamapuleti (ukubhola, ukuvikela, ukugaya onqenqemeni, njll.).

3. Ipuleti lebhulashi lokumiswa okungafanele igwebu le-orifice ngenkathi kufakwa ithusi, i-electroplating, i-tin spraying kanye ne-welding; Noma ipuleti lebrashi lingavuzi i-substrate, ipuleti elisindayo lesibhulashi lizokhulisa ubulukhuni bethusi e-orifice. Ngakho-ke, enqubeni yokugcotshwa kwama-micro etching, ucwecwe lwethusi kule ndawo kulula kakhulu ukuluka ngokweqile, futhi kuzoba nezingozi ezithile ezifihliwe ezisezingeni eliphakeme; Ngakho-ke, kufanele kunakwe ekuqiniseni ukulawulwa kwenqubo yebhulashi. Amapharamitha wenqubo yebhulashi angalungiswa kokuhle kakhulu ngokuhlolwa komaki wokugqoka nokuhlolwa kwefilimu lamanzi.

4. Inkinga yokuwasha amanzi: ngoba ukwelashwa kokufakwa kwe-electroplating ngethusi kudinga ukwelashwa ngezixazululo eziningi zamakhemikhali, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-acid-base, non-polar organic kanye nezinye izixazululi zemithi, kanti ipuleti elihlanjululwa alihlanjulwanga kahle. Ikakhulu, ukulungiswa kwe-ejenti yokuqeda ukufakwa kwethusi ngeke kubangele ukungcola okuwela kuphela, kepha futhi kuzoholela ekwelashweni okungekuhle kwasendaweni noma kumthelela ongemuhle wokwelashwa kanye nokukhubazeka okungalingani ebusweni bepuleti, okuholela ezinkingeni ezithile ekubambeleleni; Ngakho-ke, kufanele kunakwe ekuqiniseni ukulawulwa kokuwashwa kwamanzi, ikakhulu kufaka phakathi ukulawula ukuhlanzwa kokugeleza kwamanzi, ikhwalithi yamanzi, isikhathi sokuwasha amanzi, isikhathi sokuconsa ipuleti njalonjalo; Ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi, umphumela wokuwasha uzoncipha kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kufanele kukhokhwe ekulawulweni okuqinile kokuwashwa.

5. Ukugqwala okuncane ekubambeni kokuthungwa kwangaphambi kwephethini kanye nephethini yokwenziwa kwe-electroplating pretreatment; Ukwehliswa okuthe xaxa okuncane kuzodala ukuvuza kwe-substrate ku-orifice nokushayeka kuzungeze i-orifice; Ukungalingani ngokwanele kwe-micro kuzophinde kuholele ekulinganeni kwamandla okuhlangana kanye ne-bubble phenomenon; Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kokubamba okuncane kufanele kuqiniswe; Ngokuvamile, ukujula okuncane kokuthanjiswa kokufakwa kwephuthu kungamamitha ayi-1.5-2, futhi ukujula okuncane kwephethini ye-electroplating pretreatment kungu-0.3-1 microns. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukulawula ubukhulu be-micro etching noma i-etching ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kanye nendlela elula yokulinganisa; Ngokuvamile, umbala wepuleti eliqoshwe kancane uqhakazile, ubomvana ngokufana, ngaphandle kokubonisa; Uma umbala ungalingani noma ubonakalisa, kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ingozi engaba khona yekhwalithi ekucutshungulweni kwangaphambili kwenqubo yokukhiqiza; Nakekela ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa; Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe ithusi, okushisa okugeza, umthwalo kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-micro etchant kwethangi le-micro etch kufanele kunakwe.

6. Umsebenzi wesixazululo semvula sethusi unamandla kakhulu; Okuqukethwe kwezinto ezintathu ezinkulu kusilinda esanda kuvulwa noma uketshezi lwethangi lwesixazululo semvula sethusi kuphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe ithusi kuphakeme kakhulu, okuzobangela ukukhubazeka komsebenzi onamandla kakhulu wethangi ketshezi, ukuthunyelwa kwamakhemikhali amabi amakhemikhali, ukufakwa ngokweqile i-hydrogen, i-cuprous oxide njalonjalo kusendlalelo sethusi lamakhemikhali, okuholele ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yempahla ebonakalayo nokunamathela okungekuhle kwengubo; Izindlela ezilandelayo zingamukelwa ngokufanele: ukunciphisa okuqukethwe okwenziwe ngethusi, (engeza amanzi amsulwa kuketshezi lwethangi) kufaka phakathi izinto ezintathu, ukwandisa kahle okuqukethwe yi-agent eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-stabilizer, futhi wehlise ngokufanele izinga lokushisa kuketshezi lwethangi.

7. Ukuxhuma kwe-plate surface ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza; Uma ipuleti lokucwila lethusi lifakwe i-oxidized emoyeni, kungenzeka lingabangeli nje kuphela ithusi emgodini nasebusweni bamapuleti amabi, kepha futhi lingadala ukushayana ebusweni bepuleti; Uma ipuleti lethusi ligcinwa kusisombululo se-asidi isikhathi eside, indawo engaphezulu kwepuleti nayo izokwenziwa i-oxidized, futhi le filimu ye-oxide kunzima ukuyisusa; Ngakho-ke, kunqubo yokukhiqiza, ipuleti lethusi kufanele likhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Akufanele igcinwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukugoqwa kwethusi kufanele kuqiniswe kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 okwamanje.

8. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwediphozi yethusi; Amanye amapuleti asebenze kabusha ngemuva kokufakwa kwethusi noma ukuguqulwa kwephethini kuzobangela ukushayana ebusweni bepuleti ngenxa yokufiphaza okungahambi kahle, indlela yokuphinda isebenze ngokungafanele, ukulawula okungalungile kwesikhathi sokugcoba okuncane kunqubo yokuphinda usebenzise noma ezinye izizathu; Umsebenzi kabusha wepuleti lokucwila lethusi uma kutholakala isici sokuzika sethusi emgqeni, singasuswa ngqo kulayini ngemuva kokuwashwa kwamanzi, bese sisebenza kabusha ngqo ngaphandle kokugqwala ngemuva kokukhiwa; Kungcono ukuthi ungaphinde uwususe uwoyela bese uyaguguleka kancane; Okwezingcwecwe eziqiniswe ngogesi, i-micro etching groove kufanele iphele manje. Naka ukulawula kwesikhathi. Ungabala ngokulinganayo isikhathi esishabalalayo ngepuleti elilodwa noma amabili ukuqinisekisa umphumela obunayo; Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesigaxa, iqembu lamabhulashi wokugaya athambile ngemuva komshini wokuxubha lizosetshenziselwa ukuxubha okulula, bese kuthi ithusi lifakwe ngokwenqubo ejwayelekile yokukhiqiza, kepha isikhathi sokudonsa nesokufaka okuncane sizoncishiswa noma silungiswe kudingekile.

9. Ukuwashwa kwamanzi okunganele ngemuva kokuthuthuka, isikhathi eside kakhulu sokugcina ngemuva kokuthuthuka noma uthuli oluningi e-workshop ngenkathi kudluliswa imidwebo kungadala inhlanzeko engaphezulu yebhodi nomphumela omncane wokwelashwa kwe-fiber, ongadala izinkinga zekhwalithi ezingaba khona.

10. Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwethusi, ithangi lokucosha lizoshintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukungcoliswa kakhulu kuketshezi lwethangi noma okuqukethwe ithusi okuphezulu kakhulu ngeke nje kubangele inkinga yenhlanzeko engaphezulu kwepuleti, kodwa futhi kuzodala nokukhubazeka okufana nokuqina kwepuleti.

11. Ukungcola okungokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukungcola kukawoyela, kwenzeka ethangini lokufaka ugesi, okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke kulayini ozenzakalelayo.

12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusika, lapho isixazululo sokugeza kwamanye amafektri singashiswanga, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ekunikezeni amapuleti amashajiwe kubhavu enqubeni yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ibhavu yokubhaka enomoya oshukumisayo, njengethusi i-nickel; Okwesilinda se-nickel, kungcono ukufaka ithangi lokuwasha lamanzi afudumele ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-nickel ebusika (izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-30-40 ℃) ukuqinisekisa ukubumbana nokufakwa okuhle koqweqwe lwe-nickel.

Enkambisweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, kunezizathu eziningi zokushaywa ebusweni ebhodini. Umbhali angenza ukuhlaziywa okufushane kuphela. Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe bemishini yabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, kungahle kube nokushaywa ngamabhomu kubangelwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene. Isimo esithile kufanele sihlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe, esingenakwenziwa jikelele futhi sikopishwe ngemishini; Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu okungenhla, ngaphandle kokubaluleka okuyisisekelo nokwesibili, empeleni kwenza ukuhlaziywa okufushane ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Lolu chungechunge lukunikeza kuphela inkomba yokuxazulula izinkinga nombono obanzi. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ingadlala indima ekuphonseni izitini nasekuheheni i-jade ngenqubo yakho yokukhiqiza nokuxazulula izinkinga!