Pepala ili likuwonetseratu zovuta zokhudzana ndi chinyezi mkati bolodi losindikizidwa. Iyi ndi nkhani yolondola yokhudza kuchepetsa zovuta za chinyezi pamtundu uliwonse wamakina osindikizidwa. Kuyambira maphatikizidwe zakuthupi, masanjidwe a PCB, prototyping, ukadaulo wa PCB, msonkhano kudzera pakapangidwe ndi magawo otumiza dongosolo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kuti chinyezi pakupanga kwa PCB kuti zisawonongeke komanso mavuto ena ndi magwiridwe antchito a PCB. Kuphatikiza apo, tiwuzeni zofunikira pakuletsa chinyezi pakuthira, kuwongolera komwe kumachitika pamsonkhano wa PCB ndikuwongolera kusungira, kulongedza ndi kuyendetsa.

Okhwima / osinthasintha MABUKU oyendetsera dera, mitolo yazingwe, misonkhano yamabokosi kapena ma waya a waya a PCB amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi zida zomwe zimafunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito amagetsi azamagetsi azamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mafakitale onse apadziko lonse lapansi. Pamafunika pafupipafupi mkulu, otsika impedance, compactness, durability, mkulu kwamakokedwe mphamvu, otsika kulemera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira, kulamulira kutentha kapena chinyezi kukana, ndi PCB akhoza kukhala osakwatira, awiri kapena Mipikisano wosanjikiza, malingana ndi zovuta za dera ndi. Pamavuto onse akulu omwe akuyenera kuyang’aniridwa mgawo loyambirira la kupanga kwa PCB, chinyezi kapena chinyezi ndichinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulephera kwamagetsi ndi makina pamakina a PCB.

Chinyezi ndi chiyani pa PCB

Kodi chinyezi chingayambitse bwanji vuto lalikulu pama board osindikizidwa?

Pakupezeka mu epoxy galasi preregs, kufalikira mu PCBS nthawi yosungirako, ndipo ikalowa, chinyezi chimatha kupanga zolakwika zosiyanasiyana pamisonkhano ya PCB. Nthawi yonyowa popanga ma PCB imapezeka m’mayendedwe ang’onoang’ono kapena amatha kupanga nyumba mu mawonekedwe a utomoni. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kofanana ndi kasinthidwe ka quadcopter pamsonkhano wa PCB, kuyamwa kwamadzi kumayambitsidwa.

Popeza zolephera zomatira komanso zolumikizana m’mabwalo osindikizidwa zimayambitsa kudula kapena kulimbana, chinyezi chimatha kusunthira kwachitsulo, kumabweretsa njira yotsika kwambiri yosinthira kukhazikika. Ndikuchepa kwa kutentha kwa magalasi, kuwonjezeka kwa ma dielectric mosalekeza ndi kuwonongeka kwina kwaukadaulo, kutsogolera kukuchepetsa kwa kusintha kwa liwiro ndikuchedwetsa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi.

Mphamvu yayikulu ya chinyezi mu PCBS ndikuti imachepetsa mtundu wa metallization, lamination, solder resistance film ndi njira zopangira PCB. Chifukwa champhamvu ya chinyezi, malire a kupsinjika kwamatenthedwe amapitilira kutentha kwa galasi kumasintha. Nthawi zina zimathanso kuyambitsa maseketi ofupikira kwambiri omwe amalola kuti madzi alowe, zomwe zimadzetsa dzimbiri. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino pamisonkhano yozungulira ya PRINTED zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa moto kapena kupukutira, kuwonjezeka kwazinthu zowononga (DF) ndi ma dielectric pafupipafupi (DK), kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe okutidwa kudzera m’mabowo, komanso makutidwe ndi okosijeni amkuwa.

Njira zochepetsera chinyezi pakupanga kwa PCB:

Kaya kupanga kwa PCB kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta kapena zovuta, pali ntchito zambiri muukadaulo wa PCB zomwe zimafunikira njira yonyowa ndikuchotsa chinyezi chotsalira. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PCB zimayenera kutetezedwa posungira, kusamalira komanso kupsinjika pamsonkhano wa PCB. Otsatirawa ndi chitsogozo chachidule chokhazikitsa kuwongolera magawo onse a magwiridwe antchito a PCB:

1. lamoni

Lamination ndiye gawo la kusowa kwa madzi m’thupi pakupanga kwa PCB chifukwa pachimake ndi prepreg billet imakhazikika palimodzi kuti igwirizane ndi zigawozo ku laminate. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi lamination ndikutentha, nthawi yayitali komanso kutentha. Nthawi zina kuuma kumakhala kotsika, zimachitidwa kuti muchepetse zingalowe m’malo kuti muchepetse kutuluka kwamkati komwe kumakopa kuyamwa kwa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma prereg kumapereka chiwongolero chabwino cha chinyezi. Izi zimachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwapakati. Makhadi owonetsa chinyezi osawononga ayenera kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kothetsa chinyezi pakufunika. Mavitamini amayenera kutsukidwa kwakanthawi ndikusungidwa moyenera m’malo olamulidwa, omwe amathandiza kuteteza matumba a chinyezi kuti asapangidwe m’malaminate.

2. Post lamination ndondomeko ndi PCB msonkhano

Pambuyo pobowola, kujambula zithunzi, komanso kupanga makina opanga ma PCB, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komwe kumachitika munthawi yamadzi kumakhala kwakukulu. Kusindikiza pazenera ndikuchiritsa mask kuphika ndi njira zosinthidwa kuti muchepetse chinyezi cha entrainment. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pakuchepetsa mayamwidwe amadzi pochepetsa nthawi yogwirizira pakati pamasitepe ngakhalenso kusamalira mosamala zosungira. Poonetsetsa kuti PCB ndi youma mokwanira kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa lamination, komitiyi imatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito ataphika. Kuphatikiza apo, kumaliza kwabwino kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ming’alu pobowola ndikuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera kuzotsalira pophika isanafike nthawi yotentha ya solder air. Nthawi yophika iyenera kusamalidwa poganizira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, zovuta za kupanga kwa PCB, chithandizo cha PCB pamwamba ndi makulidwe okwanira ofunikira.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe zinthu ziliri posachedwa pa chinyezi pakupanga kwa PCB kuti tipewe kulephera, kuwonongeka ndi kuchepa kwa PCB, ndikuwonjezera mtengo wokonzanso. Tsopano, ofufuza atsala pang’ono kukhazikitsa mayankho apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapulumutsa nthawi, mphamvu ndi mtengo pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PCB wowongolera chilengedwe kuti athe kuwongolera gawo lamadzi pamagawo onse opanga ma PCB.