Leli phepha liveza ngokusobala izinkinga ezihlobene nomswakama ku ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe. Le yindatshana enembile mayelana nokunciphisa imiphumela yomswakama kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Kusuka ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakheka kwe-PCB, prototyping, ubunjiniyela be-PCB, ukuhlangana ngamaphakeji nokuhleleka kokulethwa kwezigaba, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kuthonya lomswakama ku-PCB yokukhiqiza ukugwema ukulimala nezinye izinkinga ngokusebenza kwe-PCB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinikeze ukuqonda ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulawula amazinga omswakama ngesikhathi sokuvikela, izilawuli zenziwa ngesikhathi somhlangano we-PCB nokulawula ukugcina, ukupakisha kanye nokuhamba.

Imijikelezo eqinile / eguquguqukayo ephrintiwe yebhodi lesifunda, izigaxa zekhebula, imihlangano eboshiwe noma ama-Wire bundles imihlangano ye-PCB yenziwe ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha ezihambelana ngokuphelele nezakhiwo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okuqinile komshini nogesi ku-elekthronikhi esetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimboni ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kudinga imvamisa ephezulu, i-impedance ephansi, ukuqina, ukuqina, amandla aphezulu wokuqina, isisindo esiphansi, ukwenza izinto eziningi, ukulawula izinga lokushisa noma ukumelana nomswakama, futhi i-PCB ingaba ungqimba olulodwa, oluphindwe kabili noma oluningi, kuye ngobulukhuni besifunda. Kuzo zonke izinkinga ezinkulu okufanele zibhekelwe ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, umswakama noma umswakama yiyona nto enkulu eholela ekwakheni indawo yokwehluleka kwe-elekthronikhi nemishini ekusebenzeni kwe-PCB.

Uyini umphumela womswakama ku-PCB

Umswakama ungadala kanjani inkinga enkulu kumabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe?

Ngokubakhona kuma-epoxy glass preregs, kusakazeka kuma-PCBS ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, futhi lapho kumunzwa, umswakama ungakha amaphutha ahlukahlukene emihlanganweni ye-PCB. Isikhathi esimanzi senqubo ekukhiqizeni i-PCB sikhona kuma-microcracks noma singakha ikhaya kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-resin. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela kwe-steam okuhambisana nokucushwa kwe-quadcopter emhlanganweni we-PCB, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kubangelwa.

Njengoba ukwehluleka kokunamathisela nokubumbana kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe kuholela ekuhlukanisweni noma ekuqhekekeni, umswakama ungenza ukufuduka kwensimbi kwenzeke, okuholele endleleni ephansi ye-impedance yezinguquko zobukhulu bokuqina. Ngokuncipha kokushisa kwengilazi kwenguquko, ukwanda kokushaywa kwe-dielectric njalo nokunye ukulimala kwezobuchwepheshe, kuzoholela ekwehliseni ukushintshwa kwesivinini kokushintshwa kanye nokubambezeleka kwesikhathi sokusakazwa okuphezulu.

Umphumela omkhulu womswakama ku-PCBS ukuthi wehlisa ikhwalithi ye-metallization, i-lamination, ifilimu yokumelana ne-solder nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-PCB. Ngenxa yethonya lomswakama, umkhawulo wokucindezela okushisayo weqisa njengoba izinga lokushisa kwengilazi lehla. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi kungadala amasekethe amafushane avumela amanzi ukuthi angene, okuholela ekugqobeni kwe-ion. Ezinye izinto ezijwayelekile zezakhiwo ze-hygroscopic emihlanganweni yebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe zifaka ukubuyela emuva kwelangabi noma i-lamination, i-factor dissipation factor (DF) kanye ne-dielectric constant (DK), ukucindezela okushisayo okugoqwe ngezimbobo, kanye ne-oxidation yethusi.

Izindlela zokunciphisa umswakama ekukhiqizeni i-PCB:

Ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kusebenzisa izindlela ezilula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, kunemisebenzi eminingi kubunjiniyela be-PCB edinga izinqubo ezimanzi nokususwa komswakama osalile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB zidinga ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, ukusingathwa nokuphathwa kwengcindezi ngesikhathi somhlangano we-PCB. Okulandelayo umhlahlandlela omfushane wokusebenzisa ukulawula kuzo zonke izigaba zokusebenza kwe-PCB:

1. ukhanyisiwe

I-Lamination yisinyathelo sokuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni ekukhiqizeni kwe-PCB ngoba ingqikithi kanye ne-prepreg billet kuhlanganiswe ndawonye ukubopha izingqimba ku-laminate. Izici eziyinhloko ezilawulwa kunqubo yokuvikela ngocwazi ukushisa, isikhathi esidlulile kanye nezinga lokushisa. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho ukoma kuphansi, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa isikhala ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba nezikhala zangaphakathi eziheha ukumunca umswakama. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamagilavu ​​lapho usingatha ama-prepregs kunikeza ukulawula okuhle kwamazinga omswakama. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungcoliswa okuphambene. Amakhadi enkomba yomswakama angonakalisi kufanele abe nokuguquguquka kokuxazulula amazinga omswakama njengoba kudingeka. Ama-laminate kufanele agezwe ngemijikelezo emifushane futhi agcinwe kahle endaweni elawulwayo, esiza ukuvimbela amaphakethe omswakama ukuthi angangeni kuma-laminates.

2. Inqubo yokuthumela i-lamination nomhlangano we-PCB

Ngemuva kokubhola, ukusebenza kwe-imaging yezithombe, kanye nokusebenza kwe-PCB ekukhiqizeni i-PCB, izinga lokumunca umswakama elifakwe kwinqubo emanzi liphakeme. Ukuphrinta kokuphrinta kwesikrini nokubhaka imaski yizinyathelo ezicutshungulwayo zokunciphisa umswakama wokungena ngaphakathi. Lokhu kusebenza kangcono ekwehliseni amazinga wokumunwa kwamanzi ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokubamba phakathi kwezinyathelo ngisho nokuphatha ngentshiseko izimo zokugcina. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PCB yomile ngokwanele ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvikela ngokhuni, ibhodi lingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokubhaka ngemuva kokuhlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho sekhwalithi ephezulu sisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela imifantu ngesikhathi sokubhola nokususa umswakama ezinsaleleni ngokubhaka ngaphambi kwenqubo yokulinganisa umoya oshisayo. Isikhathi sokubhaka kufanele sigcinwe ngokucabangela izinga elinqunyiwe lomswakama, ubunzima bokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, ukwelashwa kwendawo ye-PCB nobukhulu obanele obudingekayo ebhodini.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi isimo sakamuva somphumela womswakama ekukhiqizeni i-PCB ukugwema ukwehluleka, ukulimala kanye nokujikeleza okufushane ku-PCB, ngenkathi ukwandisa izindleko zokuphinda usebenze. Manje, abacwaningi basemaphethelweni wokwethula izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ezonga isikhathi, amandla nezindleko ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PCB obunobungani bemvelo ukulawula isici samanzi kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB.